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Mga Estratehiya sa Pagpapatakbo ng Isang Lokal na Sanglaan ng Limtong Pawnshop sa Brgy. Pembo, Makati City

Mga Mananaliksik

Coles, Karenn M.
Munoz, Jonalyn R.
Sinfuego, Krizlei C.
Udani, Princess Janna B.

BSBM402

Kabanata 1
Kaligiran ng Pag-aaral

1.1 Panimula Ang pagnenegosyo na nagsisimula sa maliit man o malaking kapital ay nangangailangan ng mahusay at epektibong estratehiya. Ang matagumpay na pagnenegosyo ay nakasalalay sa masinsinang paghahanda at pag-aaral. Kailangan ng sapat na kaalaman at diskarte upang mapanatili ang magandang takbo ng negosyo. Sa isang negosyong katulad ng Pawnshop o bahay-sanglaan, maituturing na ito ay napapanahong negosyo sapagkat ang buhay ng tao kapag nagigipit sa pawnshop kumakapit. Ang mga bahay-sanglaan ay mga establisyamentong nagpapautang, kapalit ng halaga ng nautang ay ang mga ari-arian tulad ng alahas bilang kolateral sa inutang. Madali ang transaksyon, may seguridad at mas mapagkakatiwalaan kumpara sa pagsasangla ng personal na ari-arian sa tao lamang. Ang isang tipikal na transaksyon sa bahay-sanglaan ay nagsisimula sa umuutang o magpeprenda ng personal na gamit katulad ng alahas bilang kolateral at papautangin ng taga-tasa o appraiser na maaaring may-ari o empleyado ng sanglaan ang siyang magtatakda ng kaukulang halaga o presyo base sa kalidad o gramo ng isasangla, ganun din ang pagtatakda ng interest rate at maturity date.
Ayon sa History.com nagsimula ang bahay-sanglaan noong nakaraang 3000 taon sa panahon ng sinaunang Tsina. Ang mga transaksiyong naganap noon ay pawang iisang tao lamang ang sumasagawa ngunit sa paglipas ng panahon ang mga ganitong negosyo ay pinapatakbo na ng bahay-sanglaan. Ang salitang “pawn” ay nagmula sa Latin word na “patinum” na ang ibig sabihin ay damit o damitan. Sa madaling sabi ang damit ang pinakamahalagang pagmamay-ari ng isang tao. Sa pag-usbong ng panahon ay siya ring pag-usbong ng mga bahay-sanglaan. Bilang mga mag-aaral ng Business Management, isang prebilihiyong malaman ang iba’t ibang estratehiya sa pagpapatakbo ng isang maliit ng negosyo katulad ng bahay-sanglaan at mapatunayan na ang pagpapatakbo nito ay hindi basta-basta at dumadaan sa mga masusing proseso. Dagdag kaalaman rin ang pagtugon sa mga hadlang na kinahaharap nito. Napiling pag-aralan ng mga mananaliksik ang isang maliit na sanglaan katulad ng Limtong Pawnshop sa Barangay Pembo, Makati City. Ang Limtong Pawnshop ay nagsimula sa una nitong sangay sa Paranaque City na pagmamay-ari ng mag-asawang Harry James H. Limtong at Vanessa M. Limtong. Nagkaroon sila ng tatlo pang sangay mula sa 1st Bicutan Taguig; Cabuyao, Laguna; at sa Pembo, Makati City. Nagsimula ang operasyon ng Limtong Pawnshop sa Barangay Pembo, Makati City noong Oktubre 22, 2013. Ang karaniwang transaksyon nagaganap sa sanglaan ay sangla at tubos na may kaukulang maturity date at interest rate.

1.2 Paglalahad ng Suliranin Sa pagtatapos ng pag-aaral na ito, hangad ng mga mananaliksik na sagutin at sikaping ipaliwanag ang mga sumusunod na katanungan:
a. Ano ang mga estratehiya sa pagpapatakbo ng isang maliit na sanglaan?
c. Ano ang mga problemang kinahaharap at paano masosolusyonan ito?

1.3 Kahalagahan ng Pananaliksik Sa kahalagahan ng pag-aaral inilalahad ang signipikans o kahalagahan ng pagsasagawa sa pananaliksik ng paksa na maaaring makakuha ng benepisyo o sapat na kaalaman at impormasyon. Tinutukoy rito ang maaaring maging kapakinabangan o halaga ng pag-aaral sa iba't ibang indibidwal, pangkat, tanggapan, institusyon, propesyon, disiplina o larangan. * Para sa Mananaliksik * Nagpapayaman ng kaisipan - Lumalawak ang kaisipan ng mga mananaliksik dahil sa walang humpay na pagbabasa, pag-iisip, panunuri at paglalahad o paglalapat ng interpretasyon. * Lumalawak ang karanasan - Napapalawak ang karanasan ng isang mananaliksik sa kadahilanang maraming nakakasalamuha sa pagkalap ng mahahalagang datos at impormasyon. * Nalilinang ang tiwala sa sarili - Tumataas ang respeto at tiwala sa sarili kung maayos at matagumpay na naisakatuparan ang alinmang pag-aaral na isinagawa. * Nadaragdagan ang kaalaman - Ang gawaing pananaliksik ay isang bagong kaalaman kaninuman dahil nahuhubog nito ang kanyang kamalayan sa larangan ng pananaliksik.

* Para sa mga mag-aaral ng kursong Business Management (o kahit na anong kurso na may kaugnayan sa negosyo). * Ito ay bigyang impormasyon ang mga mag-aaral lalo na ang kursong may kinalaman sa pagnenegosyo ukol sa antas ng pananaliksik sa pagpapatakbo ng isang sanglaan na matatagpuan sa Brgy. Pembo, Makati City na nagngangalang "Limtong Pawnshop". Ipinahahatid din nito ang layunin ng pagkakaroon ng sapat na kaalaman sa pagpapatakbo ng isang negosyo. * Kasama sa mga kahalagahan ng pag-aaral na ito ay pagpapakita ng mga opinyon ng mga napiling magsasangla sa pamamagitan ng sarbey upang maipakita, maipaliwanag at mapatunayan ang opinyon ng mga mananaliksik.

* Para sa ibang tao na nagbabalak na magtayo ng sanglaan * Malalaman dito ang mga iba't ibang uri ng estratehiya kung saan magiging gabay ito sa mga nagbabalak magtayo ng sanglaan at kung paano ito mapapalawak at mapapayabong.

* Para sa mga negosyante * Sa negosyo, hindi maiiwasan ang mga suliranin kung kaya't dito inihahayag ang mga iba't ibang pamamaraan para masolusyonan ito at makakalap ng karagdagang kaalaman upang mapatakbo ng maayos ang isang negosyo.

* Para sa mga kustomer * Maaaring maging basehan ng mga kustomer ang pananaliksik na ito para masuri ng maayos ang transaksyong magaganap sa pagitan ng sanglaan at magamit ang impormasyon na maaring ihambing sa ibang sanglaan.

* Para sa mga guro ng anumang asignaturang may kaugnay sa negosyo * Magsisilbi itong gabay o reperensyal ng mga guro sa pagnenegosyo na maaari nilang gamitin sa pagtuturo ng mga estudyante.

* Para sa mga sususnod na mananaliksik kaugnay dito * Makakatulong ang pag-aaral na ito sa mga nais pang manaliksik sa mga pagaaral na may kinalaman sa paksang ito sa hinaharap. Maaari rin nilang pagbasehan ang mga nakalap na impormasyon at maaari rin silang magdagdag ng mga panibagong kaalaman.

1.4 Saklaw at Limitasyon Ang paglalahad ng saklaw at limitasyon ay ang pagbibigay impormasyon kung hanggang saan ang sakop ng pag-aaral at kung ano-ano ang mga hindi kasama sa pag-aaral ng mga mananaliksik.
Ang pananaliksik na ito ay nakapokus lamang o naglalayong maipakita ang epektibong estratehiya sa pagpapatakbo sa isang maliit na sanglaan. Kasama rin nito ang pagbibigay ng magandang serbisyo at pagpapanatili ng pagkakaroon ng suking mamimili o kustomer. Ang mga respondente para sa pananaliksik na ito ay ang mga piling kostumer (50) at tagapamahala mula sa nasabing sanglaan. Pipili ang mga mananaliksik ng mga kostumer na siyang sasagot o pupuno sa mga impormasyong makakalap.

1.5 Depinisyon ng Termino * Estratehiya - mga masusi at mabisang pamamaraan upang mapalago ang isang negosyo * Interest rate - ang porsyentong ipinapatong sa mga gamit na isasangla. * Kolateral – ito ay ang mga alahas o gadget na isinasangla kapalit ng kaukulang halaga * Maturity Date - kapanahunang petsa kung kailan dapat tubusin. * Pawn brokers – sila o siya ang nagmamay-ari sa negosyong pawnshop at namamahala nito. * Pawnshop - isang bahay sanglaan, dito nagaganap ang transaksyong sangla at tubos. * Remata – kapag hindi natubos ang isinangla ito ay isusubasta ng bahay-sanlaan. * Subasta – pagbebenta ng mga isinanglang hindi natubos

Kabanata II
Mga Kaugnay na Literatura at Pag-aaral

Ang kabanatang ito ay naglalaman ng mga propesyonal at teknikal na termino na may kaugnayan sa ginagawang pag-aaral. Ang mga mananaliksik ay naghanap ng mga sanggunian o reperensyal, pinagsama-sama, hinambing at sinuri ang mga impormasyong nakalap mula sa iba’t ibang babasahin at mga pag-aaral ng mga taong nagsaliksik nito. Sa paraang ito mas madaling mauunawaan ng mga mambabasa ang nilalaman ng pamanahunang papel.

2.1 Mga Kaugnay na Literatura

Ayon sa librong Marketing: An Introduction (2011) nila Gary Armstrong at Philip Kotler, “Marketing is managing profitable customer relationships. The goal is to attract new customers by promising superior value and to keep and grow current customers by delivering satisfaction. Today marketing must be understood not in the old sense of making a sale – telling and selling – but in the new sense of satisfying customer needs”. Sinasabi na ang Marketing ay may dalawang layunin. Una ang makahikayat ng mga bagong kostumer sa pamamagitan ng kaaya-ayang interes sa produkto o serbisyo at pangalawa ang mapanatili at maparami ang bilang ng mga kostumers sa pamamagitan ng pagbibigay ng magandang serbisyo o produkto. Dagdad din nito na ang Marketing ngayon ay dapat maintindihan na hindi lamang ito para makabenta kundi para maintindihan na ang Marketing ay para sa pagbibigay ng kaaya-ayang kasiyahan sa mga pangangailangan ng mga kostumer. Kung naiintindihan ng isang negosyante ang pangangailangan ng mga kostumer, nakakapagbuo ng produkto o serbisyong naaayon dito at kaugnay ang presyo at maipapakalat ng maayos; sa mga paraang ito makakabenta agad. Ayon sa librong Strategic Management and Business Policy: Achieving Sustainability (2010) nila Thomas L. Wheelen at David Hunger, “Business strategy focuses on improving the competitive position of a company’s or business unit’s products or services. Business strategy is extremely important because research shows that the business unit effects have double impact on overall company’s performance. Business strategy can be competitive (battling against all competitors for advantage) and/or cooperative (working with one or more companies to gain advantage against other competitors).” Sinasabing ang estratehiya sa pagnenegosyo ay nakatuon sa pagpapahusay ng posisyon ng isang negosyo serbisyo man ito o produkto na may kakompetisyon. Ayon sa mga riserts, ang estratehiya sa pagnenegosyo ay pinakaimportante sapagkat pinapakita nito ang buong performans ng isang kumpanya kung ito ba ay tumatakbo ng maayos o may kakulangan. Ang estratehiya sa negosyo ay maaaring naaayon nang may kakumpetensiyang iba o maaaring pakikipagtulungan o pakikipagkaisa sa ibang kumpanya para maging bentahe sa kakumpetisyon. Ayon naman sa libro nina Dr. Tereso Tullao Jr., Dr. Divina Edralin, Raymund B. Habaradas ng Center for Business and Economics Research and Development (2011), ang 4P’s ay pundasyon ng pagbebenta ng produkto at serbisyo: Sa pagbebenta ng produkto o serbisyo, maaaring gamiting gabay ang 4P’s ng marketing sa ilang mahahalagang desisyon. Ang 4P’s ay Product (Produkto), Price (Presyo), Place (lugar o paraan ng distribusyon), at Promotion (Pang-eengganyo sa mga mamimili).
Produkto
May iba’t ibang klaseng produkto o serbisyong maaring ibenta ng isang nais magnegosyo.
Durable Goods - ito ay ang mga produktong maaring gamitin ng matagalan o ng maraming beses.
Non-Durable Goods - ito ay ang mga produktong karaniwang nauubos pagkatapos ng ilang beses ng paggamit.
Services - Ito ay mga aktibidad, ideya o benepisyong ipinagbibili.
Presyo
May iba’t ibang paraan ng pagpepresyo ng produkto at serbisyo. Ang ilan sa mga ito ay mga sumusunod:
Cost Based- Ito ay pagpatong ng tubo sa kabuuang halaga ng pag gawa o serbisyo.
Demand oriented - Ito ay ang pagpepresyong ayon sa nais ibayad ng mamimili.
Kung maraming nais bumili ng produkto, Maaring ibenta ng negosyante ang produkto sa mataas na presyo.
Competition Oriented - Ito ay ang papepresyong sumusunod sa presyo ng competition.
Psychological pricing - Ito ay ang pagpepresyong base sa halagang ikinakabit ng customer sa produkto.
Promotional pricing - kasama ditto ang buy one take one at volume discounts o pagbibigay ng diskwento sa mga mamimiling bumibili ng maraming piraso ng produkto.
Place
Place
Pagpapaabot ng produkto: ang isang produkto o serbisyo ay maaring ipagbili ng gumawa nito direkta sa mga mamimili. Ito ang karaniwang paraan ng pagpapaabot ng produkto ng mga maliliit na negosyo.
Promotion
Mahalaga ang promotion sapagkat inaangat nito ang kaalaman ng mga mamimili ukol sa produkto. Pinapanatili nito ang interes ng mamimili sa produkto at binibigyan nito ang pagkakataon ang negosyanteng bigyan ng kakaibang imahe ng produkto nito kumpara sa iba.

Ayon naman kay Gary Armstrong ang Philip Kotler ng Marketing: An Introduction
Packaging - Ang isang siyentipikong, sining at teknolohiya ng pagsasarado o pagprotekta ng mga produkto para sa distribusyon, storage, sale, at sa mga gamit. Ginagamit ito sa pagprotekta, pagreserba, transportasyon at pagbenta.
Produkto - ito ang kombinasyon ng goods and services na inaalok ng isang kompanya sa target market. Ito ay isang pisikal na bagay o serbisyo ng kompanya na kanilang ibinibenta.
Pricing - Isa sa importanteng istratehiya dahil ito ay kaugnay sa produkto. Pagkuha ng mga impormasyon sa pagkolekta gamit ang proseso ng pricing, istruktura at kaayusan nito.
Promotion - Isang paraan upang makilala ang produkto at ikalat para din manghimok ng mga konsumers.

Ayon naman kay Gary Shneider ng A Simplified Approach to E-Commerce (2011),
Pricing - Ang dami ng presyo na kailangan bayaran ng customer para makuha ang produkto.
Place - Dito kasama ang Gawain ng isang kompanya para makagawa ng produkto na magagamit, para sa mga konsumers.

Ayon naman kay Robert D. Hisrich, Michael P. Peters at Dean Shepherd ng Entrepreneurship (2010), ang produkto ay elemento ng marketing mix na nagpapahiwatig ng isang paglalarawan ng produkto upang maging bagong pangangahas. ang kahulugan ng produkto ay pwedeng ikonsidera mahigit pa sa pisikal na anyo. Ang preso naman, bago itakda ang presyo, ang negosyante, sa karamihang sitwasyon kailangang ikonsidera ang tatlong elemento: ang gastos, ang pagtaas at ang kompetisyon, ipinapalianag nito ang interaksyon ng element sa proseso ng pagpepresyo. At ang huli ay ang promotion, ito ay karaniwang kinakailangan ng negosyante upang ipaalam sa mga potensiyal upang bigyang gabay ang mga mamimili gamit ang patalastas gaya ng print, radio ad, o kaya telebisyon. Karaniwan sa telebisyon ay mas mahal maliban nalamang kung kinonsidera ng negosyante ang cable television bilang viable outlet. Ang local na serbisyo o ang tingi ng kompanya gaya ng pet store ay pwedeng maghanap ng mga ginagamitan ng community cable stations, ay ang pinakasulit na paraan para makakuha ng mga customer.

2.2 Mga Kaugnay na Pag-aaral
Ayon sa EntrePinoys Atbp. (2012), ang pagpapatakbo ng isang pawnshop o bahay-sanglaan ay magiging matagumpay lamang kung ang operasyon o serbisyo ay nakasalaylay sa mahusay na kaalaman sa halaga ng mga ari-arian lalo na sa gintong alahas at sa mamahaling uri ng gadget tulad ng cellphone. Mahalagang malaman ng sanglaan ang presyo ng mga ito sa kasalukuyang merkado at alamin ang mga nauuso sa operasyon ng pagsasangla pati ang pabago-bagong presyo at halaga nito.

Ayon sa pag-aaral na ginawa nila Ma. Lina Nepomuceno-Van Heugten at Susana Corazon Ortega na pinamagatang Sanglaan: Tunay Bang Tulay ng Masang Pilipino?, itinuturing na microenterprise na hindi apektado ng krisis at may mabuting ROI (Return of Investment) ang negosyo ng sanglaan. Mainam na halimbawa ito ng tinatawag na short-term credit o panandaliang pautang. Ang pautang ay ibinibigay nang may mataas na interes batay lamang sa halaga ng kolateral. Isa itong madaliang paraan ng pangungutang na hindi kinakailangang busisiin ang kasaysayan ng pangungutang ng nagsasangla. Makakautang ng ikatlong bahagdan (1/3 o 30%) ng presyo ng bagay na isinangla. Minsan, ang nagsangla ay hindi makapagbayad nang buo sa takdang oras kung kaya’t nire-renew (o ang pagbabayad lamang ng interes kada buwan upang hindi ito tuluyang maremata ang aytem na sinangla) ng parokyano ang pagsasangla. Kapag hindi nakapagbayad sa takdang panahon, mareremata o permanenteng maaangkin ng sanglaan ang aytem na hindi matutubos ng nagsangla. Kapag marami-rami na ang mga aytem na naremata, posibleng magkaroon ng rematado sale, na isang malaking pagbebenta ng isang sanglaan ng mga aytem na kanila nang naremata.
2.3 Batayang Konseptuwal
Ang batayang konseptuwal ay naglalaman ng konsepto o ideya ng mga mananaliksik hinggil sa pag-aaral ng isinasagawa. Ito ang pangunahing tema at panuntunan ng pagsisiyasat. Ang nasabing batayan ay ipinapakita sa isang presentasyon ng paradigma ng pananaliksik na kailangang maipaliwanag nang maayos. Ito ay binubuo ng Paghahanda (input), Proseso (process) at Kinalabasan (output). Sa paghahanda, nakalahad dito ang mga paghahanda o pagbabatayan ng gagamitin sa pag-aaral. Kung paano gagawin o ano ang mga dapat na gawing hakbang ay nasa bahagi naman ng proseso. Ang kinalabasan o resulta ay ang kabuuang dapat malaman at mapatunayan sa pag-aaral.
Mga Estratehiya sa Pagpapatakbo ng Isang Lokal na Sanglaan ng Limtong Pawnshop sa Barangay Pembo, Makati City
Mga Estratehiya sa Pagpapatakbo ng Isang Lokal na Sanglaan ng Limtong Pawnshop sa Barangay Pembo, Makati City

OUTPUT

Mga Estratehiya a. Nakadepende sa kalidad ng alahas ang ipapautang b. Mas mababa ang interest rate c. Nasa sentro ng kalakalan d. Apat na buwan ang maturity date

OUTPUT

Mga Estratehiya e. Nakadepende sa kalidad ng alahas ang ipapautang f. Mas mababa ang interest rate g. Nasa sentro ng kalakalan h. Apat na buwan ang maturity date

INPUT
Sangla
Tubos

INPUT
Sangla
Tubos

PROCESS

4P’s a. Produkto/Serbisyo b. Presyo c. Place o Lugar ng Distribusyon d. Promosyon

PROCESS

4P’s e. Produkto/Serbisyo f. Presyo g. Place o Lugar ng Distribusyon h. Promosyon

Mga Estratehiya sa Pagpapatakbo ng Isang Lokal na Sanglaan ng Limtong Pawnshop sa Barangay Pembo, Makati City

Talatanungan Para sa Pananaliksik
STI College – Global City
Kostumer

Pangalan: _________________________________________ Edad: ______________
Panuto: Lagyan ng ekis (x) ang kahon ng inyong sagot o mga sagot.

1. Gaano katagal ka nang nagsasangla sa Limtong Pawnshop? Wala pang isang taon Isang taon na
Dalawang taon na
Simula ng magbukas ang sanglaan 2. Ilan beses ka nang nagsangla?
Isa
Dalawa
Tatlo
Mahigit sa apat; at ilan? ____ 3. Ano ang iyong isinasangla?
Sing-sing
Hikaw
Kuwintas
Wala sa nabanggit; ano? ______________ 4. Ano ang iyong dahilan kung bakit ka nagsasangla?
Pang-tuition ng pamilya
Pangbayad sa kuryente o tubig
Pangbayad ng ibang utang
Wala sa nabanggit 5. Maayos ba ang transaksyon sa nabanggit na sanglaan?
Oo
Medyo
Hindi
6. Nasisiyahan ka ba sa kanilang ipinapataw na interest rate?
Oo
Hindi. At bakit? ____________________________________________________

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