...Climate change becomes a universal issue in recent years, with the negative influence occurring in the third world. There are lots of negative effects on most urban areas city on coast and riverbanks are vulnerable to climate change effects such as a increase in sea level (Nichcolls, cited in Hunt and Watkiss 2004, p.17). Climate change refers to any change in climate over time, whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity (Parry M.L et al. 2007, p.13). The world’s urban population will rapid increase in the next few year, so the negative effects caused by climate change in cities should be solved necessarily. This essay outlines the major negative impacts by climate change, and evaluates three possible solving measures in many developing countries. The essay argues that three effective solutions are able to solve the problems of climate change in developing countries. Climate change negatively affects the urban in developing countries. The first environmental effect of climate change is a rising sea level. Rosenzweig et al. (2010, p.910) survey that city should obviously contributed to 71% of global energy-related greenhouse-gas. Most chief cities in developing country are located in low altitudes or near the seaside, which are brought calamities by the climate change. As the world warming, the threat from the ocean level increase poses alarming for cities. A rising in sea level has the direct influences on urban areas such as beach erosion and soil...
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...convergence with the mainstream economy. It is still being discussed whether or not the tradeoff between sustainability and development is a cost worth making. Economic sustainability is dependent on the following conditions; 1) the rate of decline of non-renewable resources, 2) the excess rate of harvest of renewable resources, 3) the assimilative capacity of nature to absorb waste and, 4) pollution reducing technology and capital1. According to Stern’s review paper, the benefits of strong, early action on climate change can outweigh the costs in the development process as the “next 10 or 20 years can have a profound effect on the climate in the second half of this century and in the next.”2 Greenhouse gas emissions from developing countries will likely surpass those from developed countries within the first half of this century, highlighting the need for developing countries to reduce the risk of climate change. Within Stern’s review, he has pointed out and described the benefits of three...
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...Global Warming: How Do We Stop it and The Effects it has on our World Jay A. Clemons ITT-Technical Institute – West Palm Beach Campus (Global Warming, 2014) Global Warming: How Do We Stop it and The Effects it has on our World Throughout Earths long history the planet has cooled and wormed several times, such as, the great Ice Age, the volcanic activity when dinosaurs ruled the Earth, and the apparent meteor that hit the Earth and wiped out the dinosaurs. Some of these have been caused by shifts in the Earth’s orbit, or from a meteor that may have hit the planet or volcanic activity causing massive clouds of dust and debris to block out the sun. Now for the last century we have forced the Earth’s next warming trend. Since humans have started using fossil fuels and emitting greenhouse gases, the Earth has started its next warming trend. (Table 1) Carbon dioxide and methane gases have increased in the upper atmosphere causing it to absorb more heat, which increases the Earth’s temperature. This warming triggers many undesirable effects on the planet. Literature Review Have you noticed that the severity of the weather on our planet in the last thirty to forty years has changed dramatically? Such as, record droughts, increased tornado activity, rising ocean levels, severe periods of heat and cold. These are being caused by the excesses of humanity. The use of fossil fuels, gas and oil, the cutting down of trees in the rainforests and elsewhere, wildfires in our forests...
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...is changing and the scientists discovered that the climate is changing too. The climate is the average weather over a period of time. Climate will not stop changing if the factors that impact on are happening. The climate change is defined as one of the environmental problem. The climate is change in the global level by the number of heat which enter to the system or the number of the heat which comes out of the system. The climate change will happen if the factors that change the amount of the heat or the energy that enter or comes out happened. There are many indicators which prove the climate change and which we know through that the climate change is happening. Noticed increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, snow and ice melt, and the rising of the sea level. Responses to climate change come from planet and animals throughout observing the warmth and the natural and managed environment. Climate change is made by human activities and the nature. The warming that happening know is caused by the human activity like; fossil fuels burning process and the transformation for forestry and agriculture land. The human influence on the climate system have increased significantly and started while the industrial revolution time. Carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, is the command product of fossil fuel calcinations. Since the industrial revolution the overall effect of human activities was a warming effect. This effect was due to the release of carbon dioxide and emphasized...
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...AGRICULTURE TO CLIMATE CHANGE- A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF THE UTILISATION OF THE AGRO-ECOLOGICAL REGIONS A Review For Policy Makers J S Phiri, E Moonga, O Mwangase, G Chipeta 05-04-13 Climate Change, Agriculture and Agro-Eco Regions of Zambia, A Review. ZaAS Page 1 Foreword The Zambia Academy of Sciences (ZaAS) was established for a purpose of “Promoting Excellence in Scientific and Technical Endeavours” in Zambia. I am glad to see that as a young academy, we are on the right path towards fulfilling our objectives and especially our role of advancing the cause of science and technology. I would like to reiterate that ZaAS is ready and willing to contribute, as scientists in the sustainable development of our country as we strongly believe that Zambia can truly develop only through advancement in science and technology. This Policy Brief is in line with the aspirations of the Constitution of the Academy and specifically Articles 4 and 5 that empowers the Academy to initiate studies or can be requested by stakeholders including Government or persons to undertake such research for purposes of scientific advice, guidance or for purposes of advancing science and technology in Zambia. It is in recognising this important role that the first Policy Brief addresses climate change and food security. Climate change is a challenge universally considered the single most threatening situation facing mankind today since time immemorial. This Policy Brief tackles impacts of climate change on agriculture...
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...Global warming and climate change can both refer to the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects. Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. More than 90% of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming; the remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia. Scientific understanding of global warming has been increasing. In its fifth assessment in 2014 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reported that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human activities. Climate model projections summarized in AR5 indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations. Future climate change and associated impacts will be different from region to region around the globe. The effects of an increase in global temperature include a rise in sea levels and a change in the amount and pattern of precipitation, as well as a probable expansion of subtropical deserts. Warming is expected to be strongest in the...
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...this way, one could see how climate in different countries and places are being affected with the materials around them. In this experiment, the materials that were used were water, salt, oil, 2 thermometers, containers, lamp/flashlight and a stopwatch. All these materials were arranged in a way that light from the lamp could be directly reach the 2 containers; this point was where the temperature of each was being recorded with the time allotted. In order to come up with a good result, the temperature was being checked after every five minutes and placed into data. The procedure was done three times for every material for the three trials. After testing, the oil absorbed a lot of heat, the water absorbed a little heat but kept it in while the soil did not absorbed much heat but when after, it was released easily. This experiment was to show how heat was being absorbed and released by different materials around. In this manner, one could associate it with the climate; how the materials surrounding the place can affect the climate and the specific materials that would greatly affect the climate in one place. CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE Introduction Climate change is a lasting and significant change in the distribution of weather patterns over a period of time that may be ranging from decades to even millions of years. It may be a change in average weather conditions or in the distribution of weather around certain conditions. This change is due to an increase or...
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...Cause-effect relationships: climate change, ozone layer depletion, ultra violet radiation and biodiversity changes Ultraviolet radiation and ozone layer In recent years, along with the general deterioration of the environmental situation, climate change, pollution of the atmosphere and the aquatic environment, a problem has arisen associating with the effects on the human health of excessive ultraviolet irradiation. The global process of degradation of the Earth's ozone layer, one of the manifestations of which is the formation of "ozone holes", led to the disruption of the usual mode of natural UV radiation. The sun is the main source of optical radiation coming to the surface of the Earth from space. In quantitative terms, ultraviolet radiation...
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...Environmental Change 17 (2007) 445–459 Barriers perceived to engaging with climate change among the UK public and their policy implications Irene Lorenzonia,b,������, Sophie Nicholson-Coleb, Lorraine Whitmarshb a School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK b Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK Received 25 August 2006; received in revised form 12 January 2007; accepted 17 January 2007 Abstract This paper reports on the barriers that members of the UK public perceive to engaging with climate change. It draws upon three mixed-method studies, with an emphasis on the qualitative data which offer an in-depth insight into how people make sense of climate change. The paper defines engagement as an individual’s state, comprising three elements: cognitive, affective and behavioural. A number of common barriers emerge from the three studies, which operate broadly at ‘individual’ and ‘social’ levels. These major constraints to individual engagement with climate change have implications for achieving significant reductions in greenhouse gases in the UK. We argue that targeted and tailored information provision should be supported by wider structural change to enable citizens and communities to reduce their carbon dependency. Policy implications for effective engagement are discussed. r 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Climate change; Engagement;...
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...progress were necessary. Today The situation has changed from the early days of modern environmentalism. Public opinion polls show that people around the world rank the environment among the most important social and political issues. No longer is there a need to verify that the environmental problems are severe. Complete the rest of the worksheet based on the example above. Remember to be thorough in your answers and write in complete sentences. Water Management Describe Water Management and Use Freshwater sources are ground water, run off, and snow melt. Its uses Water supply problems are from population growth, climate changes, pollution of water supplies and depletion of aquifers. Water conservation reduction in use and improve water management practices. Water use is agricultural, industrial, household, recreation and environmental. Effects of Water Use and Management Practices on the Environment Short-term...
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...Individual Project BUSN 300 – Lower Division Capstone 1/7/2012 Global Warming Outline 1. What is the theory of global warming? 2. Theory of man-made global warming is credible a. Evidence b. Causes c. Effects of global warming 3. Theory of man-made global warming is not credible Global Warming Global warming is a hotly debated theory that states that there is an increase in the earth's average atmospheric temperature (Global Warming). The tedious bickering over if global warming is occurring has stopped with science showing that average temperatures have risen. The argument has now shifted to whether humans are contributing to the warming. Also at debate is whether or not global warming is causing Earth’s climate to change. Both sides of the debate attempt to use science and logic to support their viewpoints. Proponents to the belief that humans are causing global warming attribute the earth’s temperature rise to emissions/pollutants that collect in the atmosphere, trapping the sun's heat and causing the planet to warm up (Global Warming Basics). .The science behind global warming is simple. Global temperatures have shown a temperature increase over the last 100 years, with a very steep increase in the last three decades. Likewise, NASA has shown the average United States temperatures have increased steadily over the same time period. Other scientists and science organization, from around the globe, have shown rising sea levels. Furthermore...
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...on energy and mineral production Impacts of Climate Change: * The harsh climatic conditions, human induced and natural calamities, the geographical location in the arid and semi arid region and low adaptive capacity renders Eritrea vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change. * The vulnerability to climate change is manifested on desertification/land degradation; diminishing biological diversity; emergence of new pests; incidence diseases like malaria in new areas due to atmospheric temperature rise; exacerbation of infectious / parasitic diseases and nutrition related health problems due to floods and recurrent drought. Coastal areas and islands, because of sea level rise are exposed to shortage of fresh water due to salt water intrusion. * Assessments on climate change impacts and vulnerabilities revealed the most affected sectors namely‐ agriculture, forestry, water resources, coastal and marine environment, and public health. * Consequently the Government of Eritrea developed a National Adaption Programme of Action to reduce vulnerability and increase resilience of these sectors to the impacts of climate change. * Climate change, biodiversity loss and desertification are interlinked and a holistic integrated approach needed to be followed to deal with their negative effects on human wellbeing and the environment. * The three phenomena form a vicious cycle. The adverse effects of climate change destroy biodiversity and ecosystem goods and services...
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...Over the last few decades climate change have lead scientist to develop a theories that human beings are the major contributors to the global warming crisis. Many theories suggest that different types of issues contribute to the warming of the planet but the mitigation strategies to slow this process down vary as well. When speaking of this topic there are two basic types of climate change, natural and anthropogenic. Main contributor in the climate change or global warming can be referred to as greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases are derived from water vapor, Methane, Chlorofluorocarbons, and Carbon dioxide. Anthropogenic theory state that the development and consumption of fossil fuels for human life has generated and released a large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. According to this theory the excess carbon dioxide is the main cause of climate change around the world. This process prevents heat from earth to escape naturally into space and hence cool the earth. The theory known as the natural theory states that the earth is going through one of the many peaks and valleys of changes. This of course being a peak of warm temperatures, in the span of the earth’s life, could last for many years until the peak ends. Basically the natural climate change theory attempts to analyze questions such as “to what extent is the warming? Has this phenomena happened before? Could the excess in greenhouse gases simply be a symptom of climate change?” (Dr. Clarinn 2013). While...
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...released a new statement on climate change that unequivocally names human activity as the cause of global warming. "Earth's climate is now clearly out of balance and is warming," according to the first paragraph of the new statement by the American Geophysical Union. The statement cites many components of the Earth system that are changing at unnatural rates, including rising global temperatures, ice melt, sea level rise and the distribution of precipitation around the globe. "The facts are well-established now that the Earth's climate is warming," said Bette Otto-Bliesner of National Center for Atmospheric Research in Colorado at a press conference today in Washington, D.C., held to release the statement. These climate changes, the statement says, are "best explained by the increased atmospheric abundances of greenhouse gases and aerosols generated by human activity during the 20th century." The second paragraph of the three-paragraph statement warns of problems global warming could cause, including rising sea levels, declining agricultural productivity and loss of biodiversity. Specifically, the effects of a warming of 2 degrees Celsius [3.6 Fahrenheit] globally are cited because more research has been done on the effects of that change and how to avoid it than for other temperature changes, said Michael Prather of the University of California, Irvine, at the press conference. (Some scientists contend that smaller temperature changes could be as disastrous.) ...
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...Tips to Decrease Global Warming Global warming is impacting the world by increasing the average global temperature and causing many changes that are not visibly noticeable. These changes are costing us our healthy planet and safer world because of the serious effects it has on the climate and our lives. The causes of global warming can be reduced by taking action and altering our life styles in several ways. Taking action to help minimize global warming will have a huge impact on the amount of man-made air pollution that is produced. Global warming is the reason for the warmer climate on Earth. “There are more and more greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, more heat is trapped which makes the Earth warmer… known as Global warming” (Greenhouse Effect). Our actions on Earth are one of the variables that contribute to global warming and will affect the Earth if continued at the current rate. It has already shown noticeable consequences to our climate, surroundings and weather. “There has been three periods of global warming since 1850; the most recent warming was originally thought to have been caused by emissions by man of carbon dioxide” (Global Warming Science). Between these three periods the Earth cooled leading to the changes in climate “for the past 11,000 years” according to Global Science. Global warming is caused by the greenhouse effect which is the cycle of light, heat of the Earth’s surface and Earth’s atmosphere. “The greenhouse gases reach the Earth’s surface, some...
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