...Tourette's syndrome is a neurological disorder, which involves involuntary body movements or Tics. There are two types of Tics, motor/physical and vocal. This paper will cover many aspects of Tourette's syndrome; including the history of the disease, the discovered of the disease, the genetics involved with the disorder, the diagnosis of the disease, and the effects of the disease on families. George Gils de la Tourette's a French doctor and biologist discovered Tourette's syndrome in 1885 (Landau 21). He was observing patients with unexplained repetitive movements and could not find any preexisting condition that would cause these symptoms. After extensive research he concluded that this disorder had not been documented before, so he named it Tourette's syndrome, after himself. Tourette’s syndrome is a neurological disorder; it is inherited from a parent’s dominant gene, causing different symptoms among different family members. It is not known on which chromosome the disease is located. There is a 50% chance that one will pass this trait on to his/her offspring with each pregnancy (Shimberg 64). There is no prenatal testing that can be done before a child is born to determine if the child has the disease. Unlike other genetic disorders or disease Tourette's is not in the blood. Therefore testing will not give any indication of whether or not a child will develop Tourette's. Cases of the disease show males are burden with the disease three to four times more often then...
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...vocalizations called tics. The disorder is named for Dr. Georges Gilles de la Tourette, the pioneering French neurologist who in 1885 first described the condition in an 86-year-old French noblewoman. The early symptoms of TS are typically noticed first in childhood, with the average onset between the ages of 3 and 9 years. TS occurs in people from all ethnic groups; males are affected about three to four times more often than females. It is estimated that 200,000 Americans have the most severe form of TS, and as many as one in 100 exhibit milder and less complex symptoms such as chronic motor or vocal tics. Although TS can be a chronic condition with symptoms lasting a lifetime, most people with the condition experience their worst tic symptoms in their early teens, with improvement occurring in the late teens and continuing into adulthood. What are the symptoms? Tics are classified as either simple or complex. Simple motor tics are sudden, brief, repetitive movements that involve a limited number of muscle groups. Some of the more common simple tics include eye blinking and other eye movements, facial grimacing, shoulder shrugging, and head or shoulder jerking. Simple vocalizations might include repetitive throat-clearing, sniffing, or grunting sounds. Complex tics are distinct, coordinated patterns of movements involving several muscle groups. Complex motor tics might include facial grimacing combined with a head twist and a shoulder shrug. Other complex motor tics may actually...
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...CHAPTER II RESEARCH METHOD This chapter presents the description of research method employed in this study. It comprises of the research design, data sources, research instrument, data collection and data analysis. 1. Research Design This study utilized descriptive qualitative design. Descriptive study is the design to obtain information concerning the current phenomena. This study described about speech disorder of Tourette’s syndrome as portrayed by the main character in Front of the Class Film. Rahardjo (2002) defines that qualitative research had expansive characteristic where it tried to describe and analyze phenomena. The phenomena analyzed in this study is how Brad Cohen, the main character suffering from Tourette’s syndrome in Front of the Class movie, produced utterances with his impairment. 2. Data Sources The data sources of this study were Front of the Class film and the English subtitle which was downloaded from subscene.com by amxd2. Moreover, the English subtitle was converted from .srt extension into .txt. The conversion was verified by re-watching the movie and synchronizing each utterance’s timing. 3. Research Instrument The instrument utilized in this study is the researcher herself. Latief (2010) stated that in conducting a qualitative research, the researcher is the one who must collect the data. The data collection process cannot be done by others since the researcher needs to proceed and comprehend...
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...* Social Aspect of TS: Challenges TS cause Reality and perception of TS Why do people with TS use slurs? TS and making friends Living successful with TS Not curable, just treatable Natural remission Cases of famous people with TS Conclusion: Reiterate the challenges and underline the resolutions to TS TS can be overcome Hello, my name is Ramon. Today, I will be speaking about Tourette Syndrome or TS, for short. * Before I start going into this, how many of you know or have an idea of what TS is? Raise your hand if you do. For those of you who don’t know what it is, TS is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary motor and/or vocal tics such as eye blinking, throat clearing, sniffing, or even head jerking. * On a side note, if any of you notice me doing any of the mentioned tics, it’s because I myself am diagnosed with TS ever I was 12. Both types of TS often range from mild to severe. Studies show that TS is inherited only 50% of the time. The gene is carried by the parent, but that doesn’t mean that the parent has it as well. Most often, the TS gene skips a generation. * This means that anyone who has TS may have received it due to his/her grandparents. The same study shows that males are three to four times more susceptible to receiving TS than females. In terms of diagnosing, TS can sometimes be elusive. An article I read on tsa-usa.org, which is a foundation dedicated to research for genetics, mentions that TS, at one point...
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...vocalizations called tics. The disorder is named for Dr. Georges Gilles de la Tourette, the pioneering French neurologist who in 1885 first described the condition in an 86-year-old French noblewoman. The early symptoms of TS are typically noticed first in childhood, with the average onset between the ages of 3 and 9 years. TS occurs in people from all ethnic groups; males are affected about three to four times more often than females. It is estimated that 200,000 Americans have the most severe form of TS, and as many as one in 100 exhibit milder and less complex symptoms such as chronic motor or vocal tics. Although TS can be a chronic condition with symptoms lasting a lifetime, most people with the condition experience their worst tic symptoms in their early teens, with improvement occurring in the late teens and continuing into adulthood. What are the symptoms? 8 Tics are classified as either simple or complex. Simple motor tics are sudden, brief, repetitive movements that involve a limited number of muscle groups. Some of the more common simple tics include eye blinking and other eye movements, facial grimacing, shoulder shrugging, and head or shoulder jerking. Simple vocalizations might include repetitive throat-clearing, sniffing, or grunting sounds. Complex tics are distinct, coordinated patterns of movements involving several muscle groups. Complex motor tics might include facial grimacing combined with a head twist and a shoulder shrug. Other complex motor tics may actually...
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...mind; an obsession. Usually a minor fixation where the average person had a strong like or dislike about a specific thing. From the moment the film Amelie starts the narrator talks about Amelie’s dysfunctional family and all their bizarre idee fixe . Her parents are odd people, as detailed in their "likes" and "dislikes" by the narrator which later causes Amelie to develop some fixations of her own. Amelie’s father Raphael was an emotionless man. He dislikes peeing next to someone, catching scornful glances at his sandals, and clingy wet swimming trunks. He really likes to peel large strips off wallpaper, emptying out his tool box, cleaning it out, and putting everything back. Amelie’s mother Amandine is a schoolmistress with a nervous tic in her eye. Amandine has an fixaton with figure skaters costume on TV, polishing the parquet, emptying her handbag, cleaning it out, and putting everything back. She dislikes puckered fingers in the bath, having her hands touched by strangers and finally pillow marks on her cheeks in the morning. Amandine was killed when a woman committing suicide landed on her. From that day Amelie’s father developed a new idee fixe, he became obsessed with building a shrine to her ashes . Amelie's father gave her yearly check-ups, and his nearness made her so nervous (because he was not demonstrative in their love, and Amelie wanted to be hugged) that her heart would beat very fast. So, Amelie's father diagnosed her with a heart problem, and because of that...
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...involuntary movements and vocalizations called “tics” (National Institute of Neurological Disorders, 2012). For instance, someone with TS may repeatedly blink their eyes, shrug their shoulders or jerk their head. Early symptoms of TS are noticed in childhood between the ages of 3 and 9 and occurs in people for all ethnic groups. Males are affected about three to four times more often than females. An estimated 200,000 Americans have the most severe form of TS and as many as 1 in 100 exhibit milder and less complex symptoms such as chronic motor and vocal tics. Although there is no cure, one can live a normal life span with TS. Symptoms are worst during the early teen years and often lessen or become quiet or controlled into adulthood. The most obvious symptoms of TS are called “tics” and are classified as either simple or complex (Mayo Clinic, 2012). Simple motor tics are sudden, brief, repetitive movements that involve a limited number of muscle groups. The most common simple tics include eye blinking, facial grimacing, head jerking, shoulder shrugging, finger flexing or sticking out the tongue. Simple vocal tics may include constant throat clearing, sniffing, hiccupping, yelling, or grunting. Complex tics, on the other hand, are distinct, coordinated patterns of movements involving several muscle groups (NINDS). Complex motor tics could be include facial grimacing combined with a head twist and a shoulder shrug. Other complex motor tics may actually appear purposeful such as sniffing...
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...genetic but it is usually not passed on by parents. It is also know that the disease can be influenced by ones environmental surroundings. Tourettes is diagnosed after 1 year of a person experiencing the symptoms. It begins in childhood and in most cases people grow out of it before adulthood. While tourettes’ exact cause is unknown, it is becoming more common and in severe cases it can interfere with every day life. Motor tics is the biggest side effect of tourettes and in severe cases it can cause interference. Motor tics can be vocal which may cause the person to grunt or hum. Motor tics may also be physical by causing the persons body to have a sporadic, involuntary movement. This is due to muscle groups. In non severe cases the person is able to live a normal life, medication and therapy free because they may simply jerk their head or shrug their shoulders every so often. A person with a severe case of tourettes is unable to attend school and go about daily activities because their motor tics cause them to have more severe movements such as repeated head jerking or other movements. In rare cases, someone may have violent tourettes which causes the person to curse involuntarily at 2 random times. Not only does tourettes present physical challenges, but it presents mental challenges as well...
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...It expounds on the Coprolalia disorder, its symptoms, causes, manifestations and its relation with its comorbid disorders. Coprolalia disorder is a symptom of other malaises like Tourette’s syndrome or schizophrenia and has links with other medical disorders or conditions. The word Coprolalia stems from two Greek words, ‘kopros’, which means feces, and ‘lalien’, which means to talk. Therefore, Coprolalia is characterized by the profuse and uncontrolled usage of foul or obscene language punctuated by words related to feces. Coprolalia occurs solely or as a manifestation of several other associated comorbid conditions such as ADHD (Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder), OCD (Obsessive compulsive disorder) Tourette’s syndrome, tics and schizophrenia. The presence of these comorbid disorders raises the probability of a patient suffering from Coprolalia quite significantly. Coprolalia includes phrases remarks and words that are tabooed in a culture and are thus unacceptable for social use especially when they are used in out of context situations. Indeed,...
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...they may go through and classified the types of symptoms known as tics into motor and vocal. Finally, we will discuss what treatment options they may have and what hope someone may have who is suffering from this disorder; furthermore, what organizations are out there to help with the disease. I hope this gives you some more details on Tourette’s syndrome and what a person or their family may go through when suffering from this disorder. I know that researching it and find out all the information I could really open my eyes to what people go through and how challenging life can be. What is Tourette’s syndrome? Tourette's syndrome has the misnomer of being a disease where you use profanity and yell inappropriate words in a public environment. However, it can be much more serious and challenging to deal with that is only a symptom of the disease. The disorder was first documented in 1885 by a French Doctor named Georges Gilles de la Tourette; he would be considering a Neurologist in today standards. The Doctor Georges Gilles de la Tourette Name the disorder "maladie des tics" and he diagnosed nine patients in1885 with the disorder who all demonstrated the normal symptoms of Turrets. (NIND, 2012) The symptoms can have a vast array of different characteristics and can be different for each person. It involves unusual repetitive movements or unwanted sounds that can't be controlled, these are categorized as tics. (PubMed Health, 2012)...
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...genetic but it is usually not passed on by parents. It is also know that the disease can be influenced by ones environmental surroundings. Tourettes is diagnosed after 1 year of a person experiencing the symptoms. It begins in childhood and in most cases people grow out of it before adulthood. While tourettes’ exact cause is unknown, it is becoming more common and in severe cases it can interfere with every day life. Motor tics is the biggest side effect of tourettes and in severe cases it can cause interference. Motor tics can be vocal which may cause the person to grunt or hum. Motor tics may also be physical by causing the person’s body to have a sporadic, involuntary movement. This is due to muscle groups. In non severe cases the person is able to live a normal life, medication and therapy free because they may simply jerk their head or shrug their shoulders every so often. A person with a severe case of tourettes is unable to attend school and go about daily activities because their motor tics cause them to have more severe movements such as repeated head jerking or other movements. In rare cases, someone may have violent tourettes which causes the person to curse involuntarily at random times. Not only does tourettes present physical challenges, but it presents mental challenges as well. It is known that tourettes can cause a person to develop learning disabilities. Some of these disabilities include obsessive...
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...unusual words, also may cause blinking repeatedly, these are known as tics. This disorder is known to be hereditary, but also may just so happen due to stress and what not. It is known when having Tourette’s syndrome; you may also have another sort of disorder. Sadly, there is no cure for this mysterious disorder, but with professional help and medication, the tics can be less severe. But hopefully soon enough, maybe later on in the future there will be a cure for this disorder. If having tics for over a year a doctor would say you have a chronic tic disorder, in most cases its part of Tourette’s, which was first determined, in 1825 by a doctor named Georges Gilles de la Tourette, a French neurologist. In 1885, he proclaimed a cause of the syndrome on a few patients. Most of his patients were young men. It was known that having this disorder was very rare. He found that the disorder was running in families. While finding ways to describe the disorder, it has been named after him. With having this disorder it is mostly found during childhood, usually within the ages of 7 and 10 years. “Tourette’s occurs in people from all ethnic groups; males are affected about three to four times more often than females. It is estimated that 200,000 Americans have the most severe form of Tourette’s syndrome, and as many as one in 100 exhibits milder and less complex symptoms such as chronic motor or vocal tics or transient tics of childhood. Although Tourette’s syndrome can be a chronic...
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...disorder marked by movement-based (motor) tics which are abrupt, repetitive, stereotyped, non-rhythmic movements, as well as vocal (verbal or phonic) tics which are involuntary sounds produced by moving air through the nose, mouth, or throat. Tourette's is defined as part of a spectrum of tic disorders, which includes transient and chronic tics. This disorder may appear in multiple family members, and often appears (co-morbid) with other behavioral disorders, in particular - “obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)” (Hawley 2008). People with this disorder have normal life expectancy and intelligence, but symptoms can lead to decrease in normal activities (Walkup, Mink & Hollenbeck 2006). Tourette’s syndrome, as described in the psychiatric diagnostic tool DSM-IV-TR criteria is “associated with distress or social or functional impairment” (Hawley 2008). Onset and Diagnosis. The most common first sign to alert people to visit the doctor for a possible presence of Tourette’s is a facial tic such as “rapidly blinking eyes or twitches of the mouth” (NTSA 2009). Unintended, involuntary sounds such as throat clearing, shrugging or tics of the limbs may be initial signs but in certain case, although rare, the symptoms become abruptly with multiple symptoms of movements and sounds. Chronic tic disorder is diagnosed with the presence of single or multiple tics, and the presence of motor or phonic tics (but not both) which is present for...
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...disorder marked by movement-based (motor) tics which are abrupt, repetitive, stereotyped, non-rhythmic movements, as well as vocal (verbal or phonic) tics which are involuntary sounds produced by moving air through the nose, mouth, or throat. Tourette's is defined as part of a spectrum of tic disorders, which includes transient and chronic tics. This disorder may appear in multiple family members, and often appears (co-morbid) with other behavioral disorders, in particular - “obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)” (Hawley 2008). People with this disorder have normal life expectancy and intelligence, but symptoms can lead to decrease in normal activities (Walkup, Mink & Hollenbeck 2006). Tourette’s syndrome, as described in the psychiatric diagnostic tool DSM-IV-TR criteria is “associated with distress or social or functional impairment” (Hawley 2008). Onset and Diagnosis. The most common first sign to alert people to visit the doctor for a possible presence of Tourette’s is a facial tic such as “rapidly blinking eyes or twitches of the mouth” (NTSA 2009). Unintended, involuntary sounds such as throat clearing, shrugging or tics of the limbs may be initial signs but in certain case, although rare, the symptoms become abruptly with multiple symptoms of movements and sounds. Chronic tic disorder is diagnosed with the presence of single or multiple tics, and the presence of motor or phonic tics (but not both) which is present for...
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...hundred years ago, in 1885, by Gilles de la Tourette while he was a physician at the Salpetriere Hospital in Paris, France. Tourette syndrome (also called, Tourette's disorder, Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, GTS or, simply Tourette's or TS) is an inherited neuropsychiatric disorder with onset in childhood, characterized by multiple physical (motor) tics and at least one vocal (phonic) tic. These tics characteristically wax and wane, can be suppressed temporarily, and are preceded by a premonitory urge. Tourette's is defined as part of a spectrum of tic disorders, which includes transient and chronic tics. (Mashpedia.com) Tourette syndrome (TS) is easily misunderstood and as a society we scrutinize these people for having bad behaviors or parents for not being able to control their children. Tourette’s can impact a person/family’s life socially and emotionally because of the misconceptions of Tourette’s. With the first symptoms of TS appearing in early childhood, they become more apparent closer to adolescences and TS can be a chronic lifelong condition with no cure, with progressing symptoms appearing in their early teens. Tics show signs of improving by mid-teens to early adulthood for the majority of individuals with TS, and for the lucky few who can actually become symptom free. The risk factors and cause of TS is unknown, though genetic studies have shown that TS is an inherited dominant gene with a fifty percent chance of a parent passing the gene onto their child...
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