Free Essay

Tide in India

In:

Submitted By Jrklein
Words 2096
Pages 9
Tide India
International Business
Tues/Thurs 12:30
Stephanie Ochocki
Tech ID 00946623

Proctor and Gamble’s Tide detergent was introduced in the United States in 1946 and has grown into the market leader both in the U.S and many other countries around the world. Tide is it’s the bestselling detergent worldwide, far outselling the many of the company’s other detergent lines. In 2000 Proctor and Gamble launched the Tide brand in India to complement their existing high end Ariel line and to challenge lower cost domestic brands.
U.S. Product
Procter and Gamble is an American company based in Cincinnati, Ohio that manufactures a variety of household goods. P&G’s philosophy of constantly innovating and striving to meet consumer’s changing needs has kept its products at the forefront of their respective markets for years. Their strategy for Tide in the U.S. follows this well-worn philosophy. Aside from its original, time-honored formula, Tide in recent years has added several other variations to the market. Some of these varieties include Tide Liquid, Tide Powder, Tide Plus Febreeze, Tide Coldwater, Tide HE, Tide with Bleach, Tide Free, Tide Plus Downey, Tide with Acti Lift, Tide Vivid and their newest variation, Tide Pods. P&G wants to convey to their consumer that they are ready and able to meet any of their laundry requirements. All of these alternatives feature Tide’s distinctive red-orange packaging and are available in a variety of sizes, from 24oz to the jumbo 150oz. Recently, in light of the growing concern regarding ecology and sustainability, Tide has reinvented itself by introducing a new way to do laundry with Tide Pods. These pods are self-contained, single use, capsules that dramatically cut down on packaging waste. Another offering, Tide Coldwater also significantly cuts down on hot water use during the washing cycle. Tide not only strives to be the brand that consumers can count on for innovative solutions for their household needs, they also declare themselves best in quality. Because of this claim Tide sets itself up as the best, most trusted detergent available in the U.S. market.
U.S. Price
As was previously stated, P&G offers up its Tide brand as the best in quality in the laundry detergent market. This positioning as the best in class allows for a pricing strategy that allows Tide to be offered successfully at a higher price point than other brands. Recently, in order to compete with lower priced brands, P&G has introduced Tide Basic. This is a less expensive version of the original that is packaged in a yellow box, rather than Tide’s signature orange. It doesn’t have the noted color-preservation abilities of regular Tide, but it costs twenty percent less.
U.S. Place
The Tide brand is widely distributed throughout the U.S. It can be found in large discount stores, high end grocery stores and mom and pop stores alike. The signature orange bottle is usually the “anchor” brand in every detergent aisle. It can even be found in what would seem to be unrelated venues such as Menard’s stores and gas stations. Tide can also be purchased off the internet at various sites and shipped directly to the customer.

U.S. Promotion
In the U.S. market P&G uses two main ideas to promote its Tide products. The first is the idea that the Tide brand, with its wide array of choices, can meet all the needs of a modern American family. It also emphasis superior qualities over the competition, giving the whitest whites and brightest colors to each laundry load. Aside from these two main promotional ideas, Tide has recently been promoting its environmental awareness, even stating that its Tide Coldwater is the first detergent ever to receive the new Green Good Housekeeping Seal. Tide has also started “Loads of Hope” a disaster relief program that provides a free mobile Laundromat to victims.
Tide is heavily advertised both in the media and in print. The media ads are predominately television and geared toward the woman of the home. This strategy is used because women are usually the decision makers in the family when it comes to household detergents. Recently Tide has been aiming to make their promotion strategy less about the bare facts/features of their product and more about the women’s relationship with her laundry. Most commercials have a light, humorous message that stresses the superior cleaning/whitening power of Tide. Recently celebrities such as Betty White have been used in ads to endorse the brand. The internet is also a powerful tool that Tide uses to promote its brand, utilizing the technology to not only offer online coupons, but also a whole website designed around the product touting everything from laundry tips to the history of the brand.
India Product
P&G’s Tide was launched in India in 2000. At the time the Indian detergent industry was dominated by domestic brands. P& G had a presence in India for a while, offering its premium brand Ariel to high end consumers, but was not a serious player in the market. However, when the Indian economy began to prosper, P&G decided that the time was ripe to enter the Indian market in force. There were a few adjustments that had to be made when designing the product for Indian consumers. The idea of liquid or powered detergent was still a bit foreign to most Indians, they traditionally used a bar detergent to wash their clothes. Tide redesigned its formula to allow for a bar detergent line exclusively for use in this new market. Also, the width of the line was narrowed for India, focusing on Tide’s strength of superior “whiteness” and eliminating most other offerings in the line. Interestingly Tide Pods have found a market niche in this country where, like America, a growing concern for environmental responsibility has developed as well as a need to cut down on the natural resources used to create consumer goods. Replacing Tide with Febreeze and Tide with Downey are two new lines, Tide containing lime scent and Tide with lemon scent. Recently they have also launched a Tide with chandan. Chandan is known all over the world as East Indian sandal wood and prized for its quality of oil and heart wood. Considered medicinal, has special place in aroma therapy, medicine and perfume. The individual packaging sizes are also much smaller in India to allow lower prices per unit. The jumbo 150oz. size so popular in the U.S. is not available in this new market.

India Price
When first entering the market, Tide was launched as another premium brand, a position similar to its U.S. market, and was on par with P&G’s current Ariel brand. However, this was soon found to be a mistake as most Indian consumers were not used to paying a premium for detergent and chose to stick with proven domestic brands. Tide Indian then reinvented itself as a mid-priced, high quality product and started a price war with the existing lead domestic brands, causing all detergent prices to drop significantly for a time. Now that Tide has secured is market share, prices have slowly been creeping up, although according to most marketers it will never be able to command the premium pricing it does in the U.S.. Another difference with the U.S. market is also evident in the way Tide India prices its individual products. The products are charged according to the number of washes they offers, rather than the size of the container, which allows for clarity in India’s more price sensitive market.
India Place
In India P&G uses the traditional methods to reach consumers. Like in the U.S., Tide needs to be immediate available to consumers to meet their laundry needs. This means a convenient location. The Indian middle class has grown quickly, expanding into both the urban and suburban areas and leading to an ever increasing number of retail stores. These retail venues are the main focus of Tide’s distribution strategy. Tide India is manufactured by Kochi, a third party located domestically. In the past they have concentrated their distribution efforts mostly to popular retail outlets and convenience stores. However, the rural areas in India are home to more than a billion potential customers and recently the distribution strategies have been fixed more on reaching the traditional mom and pop stores located in these high growth potential areas. P&G is on track with many companies in India, focusing on expanding distribution networks in India and attempting to reach consumers using new channels.
India Promotion
Tide in India focuses on the value for the money, promising the best whitening power for the best price. The slow shift in India from traditional bar detergents to liquid detergent has opened up a new market for international brands in which to expand. Increasing disposable incomes amongst the growing middle classes are prompting consumers to upgrade from economy to mid-priced brands. With this growth comes an expectation of better quality, which Tide has been quick to capitalize on.
Like in the U.S., Tide is marketed towards the women who make most home product buying decisions. Based on the ideas that the homemaker’s main goal is her families well-being, advertising for Tide India centers around the impression that the detergent can give her maximal value for her money which helps her contribute to the family by making the most of their budget. The Indian public traditionally demands tough, long lasting products and Tide promises to deliver both at a price point that is affordable to the average consumer.
Marketers have found that the average Indian doesn’t always have predictable patterns in product choices and are often lacking in brand loyalty. To create and sustain demand for its product Tide has relied on television commercials to be the main mode of advertising in India. The commercials are often bright, “Bollywood” like productions that use popular Indian music and humor to draw in consumers. Besides television Tide has used a unique approach to create brand recognition, very different from what would be used in the U.S. The company launched a “doorstep challenge” campaign where popular Indian celebrity Shekhar Suman visited homes and challenged housewives to test the product. They have also sponsored a game show on Zee TV which features Tide.
Proctor and Gamble has, with innovation, experience and creative promotion, poised Tide to become one of the leaders in the Indian detergent market following a long tradition of market supremacy throughout the world.

Bibliography http://marketingpractice.blogspot.com/2005/12/tide-neat-strategy.html http://www.scribd.com/doc/26879552/Tide-In-India http://seekingalpha.com/article/257520-india-is-the-key-to-p-g-s-additional-billion-customer-goal http://www.greenerpackage.com/corporate_strategy/pg_provides_leadership_sustainable_packaging_journey http://online.wsj.com/article/SB124946926161107433.html#slide/2 http://www.pg.com http://sandalwoodplant.blogspot.com/ /en_IN/brands/pg_india_brands.shtml#tide
P&G launches tide detergent bar. (2004). Businessline, , 1-1. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.mnsu.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/221890459?accountid=12259
BUSINESS LINE: India: P&G launches tide detergent. (2000). Businessline, , 1-1. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.mnsu.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/221602289?accountid=12259
P&G drops prices of detergent brands ariel, tide. (2004). Businessline, , 1-1. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.mnsu.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/221854166?accountid=12259
Indian detergent market heats up. (2004). Emerging Markets Economy, , 1-1. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.mnsu.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/194492873?accountid=12259
CHEMICAL BUSINESS NEWSBASE: BUSINESS LINE: P&G launches tide detergent. (2000). Chemical Business Newsbase, , 1-1. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.mnsu.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/227470770?accountid=12259
Rodrigues, M. (2004, Dec 03). P&G rolls out bar format to extend tide india target. Media, pp. 8-8. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.mnsu.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/206271877?accountid=12259
Tide draws upon rich tapestry of mythology for new india campaign. (2007, Jan 12). Media, pp. 3-3. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.mnsu.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/206277761?accountid=12259
Sayed, J. (2004, Dec 31). Proctor & gamble gets serious in battle for indian detergent, shampoo buyers. Knight Ridder Tribune Business News, pp. 1-1. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.mnsu.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/461731486?accountid=12259

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Strategy

...The company’s products have dominance in most of the product categories it operates in. P&G touches and improves the lives of about 4.4 billion people around the world with its portfolio of trusted, quality brands. The company’s leadership brands include Pampers, Tide, Ariel, Always, Whisper, Pantene, Mach3, Pringles, Oral-B, Duracell, Olay, Head & Shoulders, Braun, Ambi Pur, Vicks. P&G has tried to establish trust for their products in the consumers by following a strictly laid down scientific assessment policies for safety. It takes care of the safety from the use of products to the disposal to it i.e. the safety of the environment. There has been a case in 1980 where a product of P&G was responsible for toxic shock syndrome among the consumers. As a responsible citizen of the society P&G voluntarily recalled all the SKUs of that brand from the market and notified the consumers of the same. This action of P&G has established an image of a caring and one that does the right thing for the consumers and not only the company. Why Customers Buy Powerful Brands The company controls some of the most highly respected names in the household-products business, including Crest toothpaste, Tide detergent, Duracell batteries and Gillette razors. These well-known brands help Procter command strong customer loyalty. They’re also an important tool for expanding overseas, where their strong reputations help it match up with domestic competitors. Big Savings from...

Words: 864 - Pages: 4

Free Essay

Detergent Study

...important plants in the tropical and subtropical areas in Asia. Native to South India, it grows wild in warm temperate to tropical regions. Belonging to the family Sapindaceae, the genus Sapindus includes between 5 to 12 species. The soap nut tree, also known as Soapberry, has been used traditionally in India to wash clothes and hair. The Indian names for soap nut are Ritha, Doadni, Doda or Dodan. In China and Japan it has been used as a remedy for centuries. ABOUT THIS REPORT Delivery method: instant download Report format: PDF (download a sample) Market statistics: Excel workbook (download a sample) Overview Discover the latest market trends and uncover sources of future market growth for the Home Care industry in India with research from Euromonitor's team of in-country analysts. Find hidden opportunities in the most current research data available, understand competitive threats with our detailed market analysis, and plan your corporate strategy with our expert qualitative analysis and growth projections. If you're in the Home Care industry in India, our research will save you time and money while empowering you to make informed, profitable decisions. When you purchase this report, you also get the data and the content from these category reports in India for free: * Air Care * Bleach * Dishwashing * Insecticides * Laundry care * Polishes * Surface care * Toilet care The Home Care in India market research report includes: * Analysis of key supply-side and demand...

Words: 4394 - Pages: 18

Premium Essay

Role of Advertising in Fmcg Sector

...Project Report On “ROLE OF ADVERTISING IN FMCG SECTOR” Submitted for the partial fulfillment of the Award Of Master of Business Administration DEGREE (Session 2008-2009) SUBMITTED BY PRAKASH CHAND Roll No. 0703270036 UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF MISS FATIMA ISLAM [pic] DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT [pic] ACADEMY OF BUSINESS & ENGINEERING SCIENCES, GHAZIABAD [pic] AFFILIATED TO UTTER PRADESH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW. CANDIDATE DECLARATION/CERTIFICATE I hereby declare that the work which is being presented in this report entitled “ROLE OF ADVERTISING IN FMCG SECTOR” is an authentic record of my own work carried out under the supervision of Miss. Fatima Islam. The matter embodied in this report has not been submitted by me for the award of any other degree. Dated: (Prakash Chand) Roll No. 0703270036 Department of MBA This is to certify that the above statements made by the candidate are cored to the best of my knowledge. (Head of Department) (Miss Fatima Islam) Date: Lecturer Department of MBA ACKNOWLEDGEMENT A truly independent project is a contradiction in terms. Every project involves contribution of many people. This project also ears the imprints of many people and it is a pleasure to acknowledge all of them. I take this opportunity to convey my leart filled thanks to my project...

Words: 17664 - Pages: 71

Premium Essay

Proctor and Gamble

...Procter & Gamble is an American global corporation based in Cincinnati, Ohio. It’s known as the world’s largest consumer goods company. P&G is ranked 86 in the 2012 fortune 500 list with a revenue of $ 82.5 billion. As of 2008, P&G is the 23rd largest US company by revenue and 14th largest by profit. P&G India is a subsidiary of world’s largest consumer goods company Procter & Gamble a nd the largest and fastest growing consumer goods companies in India. P&G India, was established in 1964 and serves over 650 million consumers. P&G operates under three entities in India : “Procter & Gamble Hygiene and Health Care Limited”, ‘Gillette India Limited’, and ‘Procter & Gamble Home Products’. These three entities have a direct reach of 1.3 million outlets across India. invested in the country via its five plants and over nine contract manufacturing sites. creates 26,000 jobs directly and indirectly. Procter & Gamble, will build its largest manufacturing plant in the Indian sub-continent in Hyderabad by investing 345 crore. 1. HOW P&G WAS BORN? William Procter, a candle maker, and James Gamble, a soap maker, immigrants from England and Ireland respectively who had settled earlier in Cincinnati, who met as they both married sisters, Olivia and Elizabeth Norris, formed the company initially. Alexander Norris, their father-in law called a meeting in which he convinced his new sons-in-law to become business partners. On October 31, 1837, as a result of the suggestion, Procter...

Words: 2720 - Pages: 11

Premium Essay

Coastal Sedimentary Environments, Geomorphological Processes and Landforms and the Economeic Aspects

...COASTAL SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENTS, GEOMORPHOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS, THEIR EVOLUTION AND THE ECONOMEIC ASPECTS INTRODUCTION: The coastal zone contains the near-shore area together with the entire continental shelf and the resources of the overlying waters as delimited by existing international agreements. Both play a vital role in the coastal environment – offshore and onshore. Coastal zone is the transition area between the land and the ocean and is an area of complex, dynamic and delicate environment. External factors influencing the coastal zone are the sediment supply by the rivers and the coastal processes. Shoreline is one of the most rapidly changing landforms of the coastal zones, geomorphic processes such as erosion, deposition, sedimentation, periodic storms, flooding and also sea level changes are continuously modifying the shoreline. The accurate mapping of the shoreline is therefore very important for planning conservation measures such as protection of human life, property, and natural environments. The coastal zone is receiving an increasing attention because of the pressures of increasing population and industrial developments. Also erosion is caused by shifting of river mouths and spits. Protection of natural resources, the loss of habitats, severe coastal erosion, sedimentation in ports and harbours, and municipal and industrial pollution are major concerns of the coastal zone managers. Conservation and management of the coastal features requires...

Words: 3814 - Pages: 16

Premium Essay

Marketing

...$2-a-day consumer. Both companies have invested a large sum of money into teams to do lifestyle research in various developing markets. Specifically, P&G has invested $70 million in a regional research and development facility in Beijing in order to research, source, and develop products in the region, instead of at the company’s headquarters in Cincinnati, Ohio. Unilever has invested in a division in India that developed Pureit, a $43 battery powered water purification system. 2) A global marketing mix is a blend of product, place, promotion, and pricing strategies designed to produce mutually satisfying exchanged worldwide. P&G uses standardization as their marketing mix. Standardization is the use of a single product for all markets. P&G drastically changed an existing product to innovate for the area it is selling to. For example, P&G came out with Tide Naturals, which is free of chemical irritants for those who have to do laundry by hand. They have also used product adaption by slightly altering existing products. P&G increased package size of Tide Naturals. In doing so, P&G kept the price the same for the bigger bottle. P&G have worked on their distribution by increasing the awareness of their disposable diapers to the population. 3) Many companies are using actual people to promote their products to the $2-a-day consumers. Because these areas are under developed, they do not have things like TV and computers, which makes marketing hard...

Words: 327 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Research on Hul

...Title: Market Research on Consumer Preference towards Detergent Sector. Author Details – Name: Arnab Roy Chowdhury. Affiliation: Student, UnitedWorld School of Business. E-mail Address: arnabroychowdhury2010@gmail.com ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: I express my sincere gratitude to Ms. Sapna Choraria for giving me the opportunity to undergo this project. I, further, thank her for lending me a helping hand in solving my problems related to the project. This project would not have been possible without her valuable time, constant support and inspiration. I also thank UnitedWorld School of Business for providing me an opportunity to undertake a skill basis project at this crucial stage of my life, while pursuing MBA, which helped me to understand the topic, that was untouched before, deeply. Any suggestions for improvement are always welcome. ABSTRACT: Due to rapid urbanization, emergence of small pack size and sachets, the demand for the household products is flourishing. With the increase in per capita income and wide range of choices being available, the consumers are mainly focusing on these products. The companies are finding it difficult to survive or to retain their market share due to changing trends in demand and high peak competition. In order to lure the consumers, companies study the quantity being purchased...

Words: 3784 - Pages: 16

Free Essay

Jojo

...‘The Prince of tides’ “The Prince of Tides” is an article from a magazine written Piyush Roy. Basically, this article talks about the life of a celebrity. The main aim of this article is talk about how he overcame his various obstacles in his path and how he can also serve as a role model for his fans. He has conveyed this message across to his readers clearly through the use of his unique language, style and format. The author in this case had started of with the title “The Prince of Tides”. The title itself gives a brief summary of what he is going to write about. For example, in this case, the words “Prince” and “Tides” are of a larger font compared to the other two words in the title. Through this, the reader will understand the emphasis that is placed on the word. Not only does it place the emphasis but also gives the impression of a tide. The title itself is a metaphor allowing the reader to understand what the article is about. Basically tides are the raising and falling action of seawater along the beach and this refers to the ups and downs one would meet in his life. Thus, the prince of tides basically refers to a person who was able to overcome the difficulties that he encountered in his life. Moreover, the words such as “unpredictability” from the first paragraph also shows that he has met up and downs in his life. Second of all, it is clear that the intended audience of the text is the group of individuals that purchase this magazine, interested in the film...

Words: 1212 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Rfid

...PRODUCT AND BRAND MANAGEMENT PROJECT ON Company study of Hindustan Unilever Limited (HUL) Submitted to- Prof. Pitamber Dwivedi Submitted by- Anish Bhattacharyya [FT-09-720] Anurag Kumar Mishra [FT-09-729] Durgesh Tiwari [FT -09-748] Jagat Singh Nagar [FT -09-754] Shwetank Kumar [FT-09-856] Sourav Mukherjee [FT- 09-862] Ravi Kumar Sinha [ FT- 09-813] IILM-GSM-09-11_PBM_SEC-A_ 1 | P a g e We take this opportunity to convey our sincere thanks and gratitude to all those who have directly or indirectly helped and contributed towards the completion of this project. First and foremost, we would like to thank Prof. Pitamber Dwivedi for her constant guidance and support throughout this project. During the project, we realized that the degree of relevance of the learning being imparted in the class is very high. The learning enabled us to get a better understanding of the nitty-gritty of the subject which we studied. We would also like to thank our batch mates for the discussions that we had with them. All these have resulted in the enrichment of our knowledge and their inputs have helped us to incorporate relevant issues into our project. Last but not the least we would like to thank God and our parents for their ...

Words: 6892 - Pages: 28

Premium Essay

Detergents

...remaining contribution comes from the bar detergents. Within the machine-wash category, the highest growth has been contributed by the powder detergents, a CAGR of 9.5% since 2005, with the other sub-category within the machine-wash category being liquid detergents. Also, the hand-wash detergents have shown an impressive growth rate of 8.8% CAGR since 2005, which has contributed to the growth in the overall detergent market. Based on the literature review and scope of the research problem, two decision problems and four research problems were identified. The former pertained to factors affecting consumers’ preference for detergents, while the latter focused on the competitors positioning and possible gaps where the new variant of Tide could be placed. Information was acquired from exploratory research in the form of personal interviews and surveys and supplemented by secondary data. Based on interviews comprised of traditional questions conducted across interviewees among housewives, buying decision factors were identified. A list of...

Words: 6014 - Pages: 25

Premium Essay

P&G, Unilever, Panasonic: the $2-a-Day Initiative

...Arelys Perez Instructor Nicole LaPointe Mkt-120-OL02 9 February 2014 P&G, Unilever, Panasonic: The $2-a-Day Initiative The method used by Procter & Gamble (P&G), Unilever, and Panasonic entering into foreign markets was direct investments. The fact that places like China and India have income disparity makes this market very challenging. In other words, in some areas there are rich whereas others are very poor. The direct invest method is the highest risk method, but it counts with the highest return. Panasonic’s used their lifestyle research to create and market specific products that are produce locally. Panasonic base their product design in demographic makeup. The key was understanding the needs and purchasing power of the region. Also, P& G and Unilever invest in a research team to do an extensive lifestyle research in these markets. Furthermore, P&G invested 70 million in these research and develop a facility in Beijing in order to research, source, and develop products for the region without relying on any other company’s location in the globe. The development of new product and lifestyle research for these demographics are very difficult and time consuming. It can be inferred that they used applied research because the companies make several changes in the existing products and design new products. These companies study carefully the economic factor of these regions. For example, the consumers’ income, the companies find out consumers’ income in these...

Words: 615 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Marketing Plan for Rakshak

...screen, Gesture Recognition, GPS Navigation, Fingerprint recognition, E-book reader. However, our product is PDA with GPS navigation alone. This product has a strong demand in the Fishery Industry for the fishermen; there have been articles in various newspapers mentioning the need of such safety device among the fishermen of India. GPS navigation helps the fishermen in finding their way back to the shore after they dive deep in the sea while fishing, our product also provides Tide forecast which helps fishermen in returning back to the shore safely. A large number of these fishermen venture 200 miles or more from the shore for several days at a time. Their only way to communicate their location or safety to their family is the unreliable mobile telephones they have now. This product can benefit many fishermen, who can’t afford costly substitutes available in the market, this product is mandatory for any fishermen who dive deep in the sea. This product’s usage can be explored in other industries as well, however we have restricted our analysis to the fishery industry considering the constraints and the hugeness of fishery industry. Government of India has decided to open a port at every 30 km of Karnataka coastal line to give fishery industry a boom. An effective marketing strategy is required to communicate about this product to the fishermen in the Karnataka region. Sales strategy to reach out to these fishermen all along the coastal line, promotional campaign to...

Words: 2992 - Pages: 12

Free Essay

Bhuttos Speech

... our warnings either went unheeded or were termed an empty threat. I again ask the Members of the Assembly: What language is one supposed to speak when one wants to bring out the urgency of a situation and the grave dangers in its remaining unresolved? Pakistan spoke that language: it spoke the language of reason and remonstrance; it made constructive proposals such as the induction of a United Nations force pending a plebiscite. But nothing made India budge an inch. Nothing moved the primary organ of the United Nations into action. Such was the position in the Security Council. Outside the Council, from 1949 to this day, India has spurned every offer, rejected every suggestion, and barred every avenue for the peaceful settlement of the dispute. It has ruled out recourse to the International Court of Justice. It has rejected mediation, conciliation and even good offices, including those of the Secretary-General. Whenever India has made a show of willingness to enter into bilateral negotiations with Pakistan, it has been only to tide over some crisis in its internal or foreign relations. In the long negotiations in 1962 and 1963, during the Sino-Indian conflict, India’s position was that it would retain the possession of Kashmir, which it had obtained by force, and all there was to negotiate was how best to establish it in that...

Words: 296 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Non Conventional Energy Resources

...INTERMEDIATE VOCATIONAL COURSE Second Year NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES For the Course of Rural Engineering Technician State Institute of Vocational Education Directorate of Intermediate Education Govt. of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad. 2005 Author Sri Shali Habibulla M.Tech (Ref & A/c), Hons. C.H.E. M.I.S.T.E. Department of Rural Engineering Technician Govt. Junior College (Boys) New, Town, ANANTAPUR - 515 001. Editor Sri K. Jagadish Junior Lecturer in R.E.T. Govt. Junior College Vmedugula - 531027. Vizag (Dist.) PREFACE The main objective of vocational education is to train the students at +2 level for meeting the demands for the skilled manpower in both organised and unorganised sectors and also to provide an alternative channel for those who aimlessly persue higher education and to prepare them for self reliance. The State Institute of Vocational Education (SIVE) in collaboration with the Board of Intermediate Education, Andhra Pradesh has developed curriculum for 43 vocational courses in the field of Engineering & Technology Agriculture Health & Paramedical Business & Commerce Home Science and Humanities Accordingly the text books have been developed by SIVE as per the restructured curriculum by utilizing the services of various professional teachers in the respective fields. I am sure that this book will be immensely useful to the vocational students and teachers in understanding the concepts. I wish to place my sincere thanks on record...

Words: 19574 - Pages: 79

Premium Essay

Malpractice

...these above factors, India seems to be on a destructive trend regarding their level of health care. Ever since private medical services fell under the Consumer Protection Act (COPRA) in April 1993, the number of malpractice suits filed against doctors has begun to soar. For example, in Kerala, approximately 1800 cases (15% of the total number of cases) have been filed. As Dr. Dipak Banerjee of the Indian Medical Association puts it: "It's degenerating into a kind of witch-hunt." For years the community of doctors across India was immune to charges of malpractice, but the tide has begun to turn. Doctors are now having to dish out larger sums of money in order to insure themselves adequately. Insurance companies have caught on as well, raising the price of malpractice insurance on most doctors. For instance, a doctor who would have had to pay Rs. 125 annually now has to pay up to Rs. 1500. These costs will only be passed along to the patients in the long run, and the condition is only going to worsen. Take for example the United States, where surgeons annually pay an average of $75,000 on insurance premiums. On top of these premiums, doctors who practice very defensively add as much as $21 billion US to the health care bill every year. Twenty percent of the tests prescribed by doctors were not necessary, but they are the result of defensive practising by doctors who do not want to be held liable. This condition, already appearing in India, could become the downfall...

Words: 346 - Pages: 2