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Time Management

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Section 2.2 Trigonometric Functions of Non-Acute Angles

6. B; 480 360 120 and 180
(120° is in quadrant II)

1 bh, we have
2
1
1 2 s2 . s s s or A
2
2
2

85. Since A

A

Section 2.2 Trigonometric Functions of
Non-Acute Angles

8. Answers may vary. in QIII is
The reference angle for an angle given by
180 . The trigonometric functions of are as follows: sin sin csc csc cos cos sec sec tan tan cot cot

1. C; 180 98 82
(98° is in quadrant II)
2. F; 212 180 = 32°
(212° is in quadrant III)
3. A; 135 360 225 and
225 180 = 45°
(225° is in quadrant III)

9. Answers may vary.
Two coterminal angle have the same values for their trigonometric functions because the two angles have the same reference angle.

4. B; 60 360 300 and
360 300 60
(300° is in quadrant IV)

10. Answers may vary.
In quadrant II, the sine function is positive while the cosine and tangent functions are negative. 5. D; 750 2 360 30
(30° is in quadrant I)

cos

tan

11.

30

1
2

3
2

12.

45

2
2

13.

60

3
2

2
2
1
2
cos 120 cos 60
1
2

14. 120

3
2

15. 135

2
2

16. 150

sin150 sin 30
1
2

2
2
3
2

60

7. 2 is a good choice for r because in a 30 60 right triangle, the hypotenuse is twice the length of the shorter side (the side opposite to the 30 angle). By choosing 2, one avoids introducing a fraction (or decimal) when determining the length of the shorter side.
Choosing any even positive integer for r would have this result; however, 2 is the most convenient value.

86. Yes, the third angle can be found by subtracting the given acute angle from 90°, and the remaining two sides can be found using a trigonometric function involving the known angle and side.

sin

120

55

cot

sec

csc

3
3

3

2 3
3

2

1

1

2

2

3

3

tan135 tan 45
1
3
3

3
3
cot 120 cot 60
3
3 cot135 cot 45
1

2

2 3
3

sec120 sec 60
2

2 3
3

cot150 cot 30
3

sec150 sec 30
2 3
3

2

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

2

2

56

Chapter 2 Acute Angles and Right Triangles

sin
17.

18.

210

240

1
2

3
2

tan

cos cos 210 cos 30
3
2
1
2

3
3
tan 240 tan 60
3

19. To find the reference angle for 300 , sketch this angle in standard position.

cot

3 cot 240 cot 60
3
3

sec

csc

sec 210 sec 30
2 3
3

2

2 3
3

2

sin 315 cos 315

20. To find the reference angle for 315 , sketch this angle in standard position.

tan 45 cot 45 sec 45 csc 45

2

21. To find the reference angle for 405 , sketch this angle in standard position.

The reference angle for 405 is
405 360 45 . Because 405 lies in quadrant I, the values of all of its trigonometric functions will be positive, so these values will be identical to the trigonometric function values for 45 . See the
Function Values of Special Angles table on page 50.) sin 405

cos 45

tan 405 cot 405 sec 405 csc 405

tan 45 cot 45 sec 45 csc 45

2
2
2
2

sin 45

cos 405

The reference angle is 360 315 45 .
Since 315° lies in quadrant IV, the sine, tangent, cotangent, and cosecant are negative.

2
2
1
1
2

cos 45

tan 315 cot 315 sec 315 csc 315

The reference angle is 360 300 60 .
Since 300° lies in quadrant IV, the sine, tangent, cotangent, and cosecant are negative.
3
sin 300 sin 60
2
1 cos 300 cos 60
2
tan 300 tan 60
3
3 cot 300 cot 60
3
sec 300 sec 60 2
2 3 csc 300 csc 60
3

2
2

sin 45

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

1
1
2
2

Section 2.2 Trigonometric Functions of Non-Acute Angles

22. To find the reference angle for 420º, sketch this angle in standard position.

sec 80 csc 480

sec 60 csc 60

57

2
2 3
3

24. To find the reference angle for 495º, sketch this angle in standard position.

The reference angle for 420º is
420º − 360º = 60º. Because 420º lies in quadrant I, the values of all of its trigonometric functions will be positive, so these values will be identical to the trigonometric function values for 60 . See the
Function Values of Special Angles table on page 50.) sin 420

sin 60

cos 420

cos 60

tan 420

tan 60

cot 420

cot 60

sec 420

sec 60

csc 420

csc 60

495º is coterminal with 495º − 360º = 135º.
The reference angle is 180º − 135º = 45º.
Since 495° lies in quadrant II, the cosine, tangent, cotangent, and secant are negative.

sin 495

3
2
1
2
3

sin 45

cos 495

3
3
2

tan 45 cot 45 sec 45 csc 45

2
2

cos 45

tan 495 cot 495 sec 495 csc 495

2
2

1
1

2
2

25. To find the reference angle for 570º sketch this angle in standard position.

2 3
3

23. To find the reference angle for 480º, sketch this angle in standard position.

480º is coterminal with 480º − 360º = 120º.
The reference angle is 180º − 120º = 60º.
Because 480º lies in quadrant II, the cosine, tangent, cotangent, and secant are negative. sin 480

sin 60

3
2
1
2

cos 480

cos 60

tan 480

tan 60

3

cot 480

cot 60

3
3

570° is coterminal with 570º − 360º = 210º.
The reference angle is 210º − 180º = 30º.
Since 570º lies in quadrant III, the sine, cosine, secant, and cosecant are negative.
1
sin 570 sin 30
2
3 cos 570 cos 30
2
3 tan 570 tan 30
3
cot 570 cot 30
3
2 3 sec 570 sec 30
3
csc 570 csc 30
2

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

58

Chapter 2 Acute Angles and Right Triangles

26. To find the reference angle for 750°, sketch this angle in standard position.

cos1305

cos 45

tan1305 cot1305 sec1305 csc1305 tan 45 1 cot 45 1 sec 45 csc 45

sec 60

csc 420

2
2
2
2

cot 60

sec 420

sin 45

tan 60

cot 420

sin1305

cos 60

tan 420

27. 1305º is coterminal with
1305 3 360 1305 1080 225 . The reference angle is 225º − 180º = 45º. Since
1305º lies in quadrant III, the sine, cosine, and secant and cosecant are negative.

sin 60

cos 420

750° is coterminal with 30 because
750 2 360 750 720 30 . Since
750 lies in quadrant I, the values of all of its trigonometric functions will be positive, so these values will be identical to the trigonometric function values for 30 .
1
sin 750 sin 30
2
3 cos 750 cos 30
2
3 tan 750 tan 30
3
cot 750 cot 30
3
2 3 sec 750 sec 30
3
csc 750 csc 30 2

sin 420

csc 60

3
3
2
2 3
3

29. To find the reference angle for 300 , sketch this angle in standard position.

The reference angle for 300 is
300 360 60 . Because 300 lies in quadrant I, the values of all of its trigonometric functions will be positive, so these values will be identical to the trigonometric function values for 60°. See the
Function Values of Special Angles table on page 50.)
3
sin 300 sin 60
2
1 cos 300 cos 60
2
tan 300 tan 60
3
cot

300

cot 60

sec

300

sec 60

csc

2
2

3
2
1
2
3

300

csc 60

28. 1500º is coterminal with
1500 4 360 1500 1440 60 .
Because 1500º lies in quadrant I, the values of all of its trigonometric functions will be positive, so these values will be identical to the trigonometric function values for 60°.

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

3
3
2
2 3
3

Section 2.2 Trigonometric Functions of Non-Acute Angles

30. −390° is coterminal with
390 2 360
390 720 330 . The reference angle is 360 330 30 . Since
−390° lies in quadrant IV, the sine, tangent, cotangent, and cosecant are negative.
1
sin 390 sin 30
2
3 cos 390 cos 30
2
3 tan 390 tan 30
3
cot 390 cot 30
3

sec

390

csc

390

2 3
3
csc 30
2

sec 30

31. –510° is coterminal with
510 2 360
510 720 210 . The reference angle is 210 180 30 . Since
–510° lies in quadrant III, the sine, cosine, and secant and cosecant are negative.
1
sin 510 sin 30
2
3 cos 510 cos 30
2
3 tan 510 tan 30
3
cot 510 cot 30
3

sec

510

csc

510

2 3
3
2

sec 30 csc 30

32. −1020º is coterminal with
1020 3 360
1020 1080 60 .
Because −1020º lies in quadrant I, the values of all of its trigonometric functions will be positive, so these values will be identical to the trigonometric function values for 60 .

sin 420

sin 60

cos 420

cos 60

tan 420

tan 60

cot 420

cot 60

sec 420

sec 60

csc 420

csc 60

3
2
1
2
3
3
3
2

59

33. −1290° is coterminal with
1290 4 360
1290 1440 150 .
The reference angle is 180 150 30 .
Since −1290° lies in quadrant II, the cosine, tangent, cotangent, and secant are negative.
1
sin 2670 sin 30
2
3 cos 2670 cos 30
2
3 tan 2670 tan 30
3
cot 2670 cot 30
3
2 3 sec 2670 sec 30
3
csc 2670 csc 30 2
34. −855º is coterminal with
855 3 360
855 1080 225 . The reference angle is 225º − 180º = 45º. Since
−855º lies in quadrant III, the sine, cosine, and secant and cosecant are negative.

2
2
2
2

sin

855

sin 45

cos

855

cos 45

tan cot 855
855

sec

855

sec 45

2

csc

855

csc 45

2

tan 45 cot 45

1
1

35. −1860º is coterminal with
1860 6 360
1860 2160 300 .
The reference angle is 360º − 300º = 60º.
Since −1860º lies in quadrant IV, the sine, tangent, cotangent, and cosecant are negative.

3
2

sin

1860

cos

1860

tan

1860

tan 60

3

cot

1860

cot 60

3
3

sec

1860

csc

1860

2 3
3

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

sin 60 cos 60

sec 60 csc 60

1
2

2
2 3
3

60

Chapter 2 Acute Angles and Right Triangles

36. −2205º is coterminal with
2205 7 360
2205 2520 315 .
The reference angle is 360º − 315º = 45º.
Since −2205º lies in quadrant IV, the sine, tangent, cotangent, and cosecant are negative.

sin

2205

cos

2205

tan cot 2205
2205

sec

2205

csc

2205

2
2

sin 45 cos 45

2
2

tan 45 cot 45 sec 45

1
1
2

csc 45

2

37. Since 1305 is coterminal with an angle of
1305 3 360 1305 1080 225 , it lies in quadrant III. Its reference angle is
225 180 45 . Since the sine is negative in quadrant III, we have

sin1305

2
.
2

sin 45

38. Since 1500 is coterminal with an angle of
1500 4 360 1500 1440 60 , it lies in quadrant I. Because 1500 lies in quadrant
I, the values of all of its trigonometric functions will be positive, so

sin1500

sin 60

3
.
2

39. Since 510 is coterminal with an angle of
510 2 360
510 720 210 , it lies in quadrant III. Its reference angle is
210 180 30 . Since the cosine is negative in quadrant III, we have

cos

510

cos 30

3
.
2

40. Since 1020 is coterminal with an angle of
1020 3 360
1020 1080 60 , it lies in quadrant I. Because 1020 lies in quadrant I, the values of all of its trigonometric functions will be positive, so tan 1020 tan 60
3.
41. Since −855º is coterminal with
855 3 360
855 1080 225 , it lies in quadrant III. Its reference angle is
225º − 180º = 45º. Since the cosecant is negative in quadrant III, we have. csc 855 csc 45
2.

42. Since −495º is coterminal with an angle of
495 2 360
495 720 225 , it lies in quadrant III. Its reference angle is
225 180 45 . Since the secant is negative in quadrant III, we have sec 495 sec 45
2.
43. Since 3015º is coterminal with
3015 8 360 3015 2880 135 , it lies in quadrant II. Its reference angle is
180º − 135º = 45º. Since the tangent is negative in quadrant II, we have tan 3015 tan 45
1.
44. Since 2280º is coterminal with
2280 6 360 2280 2160 120 , it lies in quadrant II. Its reference angle is
180º − 120º = 60º. Since the cotangent is negative in quadrant II, we have

cot 2280

3
.
3

cot 60

45. sin 2 120

2

3
2

cos 2 120

1
2

3
4

1
4

2
4

2

2
2
2
1
4

1
2

2

2

46. sin 225

cos 225

47. 2 tan 2 120

2

3sin 2 150
3

2 3

3
1
4

3

48. cot 2 135

1

2

1
2

49. sin 2 225

1

2
2

02

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

2

23
4

1

cos 2 270

50. cot 2 90

cos 2 180

2

sin 30 4 tan 45
1
1
41 1
4
2
2

2

02

1

2

9
2

tan 2 60

2

3

sec2 180

2
2

2

2
4

3

csc2 135
2

2

1 2 1

7
2

2

Section 2.2 Trigonometric Functions of Non-Acute Angles

51. cos 2 60

sec 2 150
2

1
2
1 4
4 3
52. cot 2 135

2 3
3
29
4
12

3

4

57. sin 2 45

2

tan 4 60
2

1

csc 2 210
2

2

2
2

2
2

04

1 9 10

3
2

cos 60

1
2

3 1
2

3 1
, the statement is false.
2

54. sin 30

sin 60 sin 30 60
Evaluate each side to determine whether this statement is true or false.
1
3 1
3
sin 30 sin 60 and 2
2
2 sin 30 60 sin 90 1
Since

2

sec2 60 is true.

22

4 . Since 4 = 4, the statement

3
2

2

3

3, the statement is false.

?

2 cos 45
Evaluate each side to determine whether this statement is true or false. cos 2 45 cos 90 0 and

?

1 2

3
2

3
1
2
Since

1
2

2
2

2 cos 45

2

Since 0

2, the statement is false.

2

?

60. sin 2 30

2 sin 30 cos 30
Evaluate each side to determine whether this statement is true or false.

2

1 2

3
4

Since

3 and 2

sin 60

3
2

2

1
2

3
2

3
2

3
, the statement is true.
2

61. 150º is in quadrant II, so the reference angle is
180º − 150º = 30º.

cos 30

56. cos 60 2 cos 2 30 1
Evaluate each side to determine whether this statement is true or false.
1
cos 60 and 2

2 cos 2 30

1 3 1 4 and

59. cos 2 45

2 sin 30 cos 30

1 and 2cos 30
2
1
2

2

1, the given statement is false.

55. cos 60 2 cos 30
Evaluate each side to determine whether this statement is true or false.

Since

1

3

sin 2 30

?

cos 60

2
4

1

?

3

2
4

tan 2 60

60 cos 30 cos 60
Evaluate each side to determine whether this statement is true or false. cos 30 60 cos 90 0 and

1

1

2

58. tan 2 60 1 sec 2 60
Evaluate each side to determine whether this statement is true or false.

sin 4 180

53. cos 30

Since 0

2

?

Since 1 = 1, the statement is true.

?

cos 30

cos 2 45

61

x r x

r cos 30

6

3
2

3 3

1 y 3 y r sin 30 6
2
r
Since 150º is in quadrant II, the x- coordinate will be negative. The coordinates of P are and sin 30

3 3, 3 .

1

1
2

1
, the statement is true.
2
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 2 Acute Angles and Right Triangles

62

62. 225º is in quadrant III, so the reference angle is 225º − 180º = 45º.

x r cos 45

x

r cos 45

10

2
2

69. If

90
180
90
180
180
90
Since 180º is coterminal with
−180º + 360º = 180º and −90º is coterminal lies in quadrant with −90º + 360º = 270º, is negative.
III, and sin

5 2

and
2
y
5 2 y r sin 45 10
2
r
Since 225º is in quadrant III, both the x- and ycoordinates will be negative. The coordinates sin 45

of P are

0.8

2

0.6

2

, sin 2

cos 2

64. For every angle
2 2
3

angle
65. If

90

9
16

, sin 2
4
9

cos 2

145
144

90

2
3

180

45

90
Thus
sec
68. If

90
Thus
cot

2

2

is positive.

is in the interval 90 ,180 , then
180

45

and n 360 are coterminal angles, so the sine of each of these will result in the same value. 72.
3
4

and sin

90 . Thus

2

71.

and n 360 are coterminal angles, so the cosine of each of these will result in the same value.

1 . Since

is in the interval 90 ,180 , then

90 . Thus

.

73. If n is even, and n 180 are coterminal angles, so the tangent of each of these will result in the same value. If n is odd, and n 180 have the same reference angle, but are positioned two quadrants apart. The tangent is positive for angles located in quadrants I and III, and negative for angles located in quadrants II and IV, so the tangent of each angle is the same value.

2

74. The reference angle for 115° is
180°−115° = 65°. Since 115° is in quadrant II decreases on the the cosine is negative. Cos interval (90°, 180°) from 0 to –1. Therefore, cos 115° is closest to −0.4.

180
270
180 360 .
180 lies in quadrant IV, and
180 is positive.

75. The reference angle for 115° is
180°−115° = 65°. Since 115° is in quadrant II the cosine is negative. Sin decreases on the interval (90°, 180°) from 1 to 0. Therefore, sin 115° is closest to 0.9.

2

lies in quadrant I, and sin
67. If

0,

1 , there is no

for which cos

lies in quadrant I, and cos
66. If

1 . Since

0.6 and
0 and sin

is in the interval 90 ,180 , then

90
180
90
180
180
90
Since 180º is coterminal with
−180º + 360º = 180º and −90º is coterminal lies in quadrant with −90º + 360º = 270º, is negative.
III, and cos

0.64 0.36 1 , there is an

for which cos angle sin
0.8 . Since cos lies in quadrant IV.
3 2
4

70. If

5 2, 5 2 .

63. For every angle

is in the interval 90 ,180 , then

2

is positive.

is in the interval 90 ,180 , then

is in the interval 90 ,180 , then
180
270
180 360 .
180 lies in quadrant IV, and
180 is negative.

2
. Sine and
2
cosine are opposites in quadrants II and IV.
Thus, 180
180 45 135 in quadrant II, and 360
360 45 315 in quadrant IV.

76. When

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

45 , sin

cos

Section 2.2 Trigonometric Functions of Non-Acute Angles

2
. Sine and
2
cosine are both positive in quadrant I and both negative in quadrant III. Since
180 45 180 225 , 45º is the quadrant I angle, and 225º is the quadrant III angle. 77. When

78. L

45 , sin

2

1

cos

S2

200 h S tan

63

82. sec
2
must lie in
Since sec is negative, quadrants II or III. Since the absolute value of sec is 2, the reference angle, must be
45 . The quadrant II angle equals 180
180 45 135 , and the equals quadrant III angle
180
180 45 225 .

2
2
Since cos is positive, must lie in quadrants I or IV. Since one angle, namely
45 , lies in quadrant I, that angle is also the reference angle, . The angle in quadrant IV will be 360
360 45 315 .

83. cos
(a) Substitute h = 1.9 ft,
2

L

0.9 ,

L

3,

4 , and S = 336 ft:
4 ( 3) 3362
200 1.9 336 tan .9

550 ft

(b) Substitute h = 1.9 ft,
2

1

1.5 ,

1

3,

4 , and S = 336 ft:

3
3

84. cot

4 ( 3) 3362
200 1.9 336 tan1.5

369 ft

(c) Answers will vary.

Since cot is negative, must lie in quadrants II or IV. Since the absolute value of
3
, the reference angle, must 3 equals be 60 . The quadrant II angle
180
180 60 120 , and the equals quadrant IV angle
360
360 60 300 . cot 1
2
must lie in
Since sin is positive, quadrants I or II. Since one angle, namely
30 , lies in quadrant I, that angle is also the reference angle, . The angle in quadrant II will be 180
180 30 150 .

79. sin

3
2
Since cos is positive, must lie in quadrants I or IV. Since one angle, namely
30 , lies in quadrant I, that angle is also the reference angle, . The angle in quadrant IV will be 360
360 30 330 .

80. cos

81. tan
3
Since tan is negative, must lie in quadrants II or IV. Since the absolute value of must be tan is 3, the reference angle, equals 60 . The quadrant II angle
180
180 60 120 , and the equals quadrant IV angle
360
360 60 300 .

is

85. csc
2
Since csc is negative, must lie in quadrants III or IV. The absolute value of csc is 2, so the reference angle, , is 30 .
The angle in quadrant III will be
180
180 30 210 , and the quadrant IV angle is
360
360 30 330 .

3
2

86. sin

Since sin is negative, must lie in quadrants III or IV. The absolute value of
3
, so the reference angle, , is
2
60°. The angle in quadrant III will be
180
180 60 240 , and the quadrant IV angle is
360
360 60 300 . sin is

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 2 Acute Angles and Right Triangles

3
3
must lie in
Since tan is positive, quadrants I or III. Since one angle, namely
30 , lies in quadrant I, that angle is also the reference angle, . The angle in quadrant III will be 180
180 30 210 .

87. tan

88. cos

1
2

Since cos is negative, must lie in quadrants II or III. Since the absolute value of
1
cos is , the reference angle, must be
2
60 . The quadrant II angle equals 180
180 60 120 , and the equals quadrant III angle
180
180 60 240 .
89. csc
2
must lie in
Since csc is negative, quadrants III or IV. Since the absolute value must of csc is 2, the reference angle, equals be 45 . The quadrant III angle
180
180 45 225 . and the quadrant IV angle equals 360
360 45 315 .
90. cot
1
must lie in
Since cot is negative, quadrants II or IV. Since the absolute value of cot is 1 the reference angle, must be equals 45 . The quadrant II angle
180
180 45 135 . and the quadrant IV angle equals 360
360 45 315 .

3. To find values of the cotangent, secant, and cosecant functions with a calculator, it is necessary to find the reciprocal of the reciprocal function value.
4. To determine the cosecant of an angle, we find the reciprocal of the cosine of the angle, but to determine the angle with a given cosecant value, we find the sine inverse of the reciprocal of the value.

For Exercises 5−21, be sure your calculator is in degree mode. If your calculator accepts angles in degrees, minutes, and seconds, it is not necessary to change angles to decimal degrees. Keystroke sequences may vary on the type and/or model of calculator being used. Screens shown will be from a
TI-84 Plus calculator. To obtain the degree (°) and ( ) symbols, go to the ANGLE menu (2nd APPS).


64

For Exercises 5−15, the calculation for decimal degrees is indicated for calculators that do not accept degree, minutes, and seconds.
5. sin 38 42

0.62524266

6. cos 41 24

0.75011107

7. sec13 15

1.0273488

Section 2.3 Finding Trigonometric
Function Values Using a
Calculator
1. The CAUTION at the beginning of this section suggests verifying that a calculator is in degree mode by finding sin 90°. If the calculator is in degree mode, the display should be 1.
2. When a scientific or graphing calculator is used to find a trigonometric function value, in most cases the result is an approximate value.

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

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...THE TIME MANAGEMENT POCKETBOOK By Ian Fleming Drawings by Phil Hailstone Based on a concept devised by Martin Terry of Lucas Industries Group Training Department. “This splendid little book respects our intelligence and time. It also puts to shame all the gimmicks to which we have been subjected of late.” Abdulla Ali Uqba, Chief Executive, Al Atheer, Development & Management Consultancy, Dubai. “More than just a guide to better managing your time - it’s a collection of simple, yet effective, tips and reminders to help keep you on track.” Linda Harlow, Director, Brook Street plc “Contains a wealth of practical tips to help busy managers manage their time better.” Viv Clements, Training Officer, Aylesbury Vale District Council. Published by: Management Pocketbooks Ltd 14 East Street, Alresford, Hants SO24 9EE, U.K. Tel: +44 (0)1962 735573 Fax: +44 (0)1962 733637 E-mail: pocketbks@aol.com Web: www.pocketbook.co.uk MANAGEMENT POCKETBOOKS All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publishers. 1st edition 2nd edition 3rd edition 4th edition 1990 1991 1995 1997 Reprinted 1998, 1999, 2000. © Ian Fleming 1990, 1997 ISBN 1 870471 53 9 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data – A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Printed in U.K. by Ashford...

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...Time Management When it comes to managing time, it can get a little messy, especially when it seems like everything just seems to take place all at once or when you run out of time and the 24 hours we do have in a day just isn’t enough. In order for us to handle all the aspects of things going on in life we must learn to stop procrastinating, set priorities, and use planners for everything that we do. “Over commitment is then frequently followed by procrastination” (Managing Time: Experts Advise How Best to Keep from Wasting It, 1989). People tend to commit their selves to too many things and not worry about the time. They just keep saying they are going to do it and just keep pushing it back and procrastinating. How many times have we said we are just going to do it later, and them find ourselves rushing to do it because we are at the deadline…? too many. Prioritizing your daily task is a good way to help manage your time and not procrastinate. Put your priorities in order of importance, and do not let anything distract you from your task. Yes, things happen that you can’t control that might hinder your accomplishments but it is your responsibility to get back on track once the incident is over. Karen Flaherty of Compass Group, Limited of Birmingham said “Don’t schedule every moment of the day; leave time for catch up.” Using a planner to help you with your task is another way to help you manage your time. “the significance of planning gives people a way to...

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...The Role of Time Management in Graduate Student Success Andra Opone Florida Atlantic University 
 Abstract “Time is valuable - perhaps a fairly obvious thing to say, but if we all know it, why does anyone ever procrastinate? (Brian, 2000, p.14).  Majority of graduate students procrastinate and if we do a survey to inquire why graduate students procrastinate, we would discover that the major reasons would be fear of failure, overwhelming school tasks or unclear task. The habit of procrastination, which is common and gradually being cultivated over time has become a big factor hindering academic success of graduate students. Many times students procrastinate because they lack motivation and fail to prioritize their daily activities, but the biggest culprit of procrastination is and will always be poor “Time Management”. The Role of Time Management in Graduate Student Success What then is Time Management? According to Foley “Time management may be defined as the discovery and application of the most efficient method of completing assignments of any length in the optimum time and with the highest quality” (Foley, 2007, p.733). With the work load associated with graduate studies, a lot of confusion usually arise on...

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...Adeojo, Adeyinka EFFECTIVE TIME MANAGEMENT FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE IN AN ORGANIZATION CASE: LASACO ASSURANCE PLC Thesis Autumn 2012 Business School Degree programme in Business Administration International Business 1 SEINÄJOKI UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES THESIS ABSTRACT Faculty: Business School Degree Program: International Business Specialization: International Business and Marketing Author/s: Adeojo Adeyinka Lawrence Title of thesis: Effective time management for high performance in an organization Case: Lasaco Assurance PLC Supervisor: Miia Koski Year: 2012 Pages: 84 Number of appendices: 8 The main objective of this thesis is to determine the effect of time management on high organizational performance using LASACO ASSURANCE Plc. as a case company. In this thesis, the employees working with the company were sent questionnaires. Their responses were critically analyzed and thus related to the theories. A quantitative approach was used as the methodology. According to the theory, time management is a method for managers to increase work performance effectiveness. Time management is probably not as easy as what it is imagined and expected to be; the term time management means different things to different people. The study brought out the differences between effective time management and time management. It was discovered that the organization has already implemented time management, but it was not effective enough. The test of a hypothesis was conducted...

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...Time Management Plan Template Student Name: Date: Directions: 1. Carefully read the Time Management Plan Guidelines found in Doc Sharing. This provides specific details on how to complete this assignment. 2. Rename this document by clicking “Save As.” Change the file name so it reads Your Last Name Time Management Plan.docx. For example, if your last name is Smith, type “Smith Time Management Plan.docx”. 3. Save the document as a .docx compatible with Microsoft Word 2010 or later. 4. Type your name and date at the top of this template. 5. Type your answers directly on the template. Follow all instructions. Save frequently to prevent loss of your work. 6. Prior to the due date, post questions about this assignment to the Q & A Forum so your classmates can read the advice, too. You may also e-mail questions to your instructor. 7. Submit to the Dropbox by the end of Week 1, Sunday at 11:59 p.m. MT. Times | Monday | Tuesday | Wednesday | Thursday | Friday | Saturday | Sunday | 12 a.m.–1 a.m. | Sleep | Work | Sleep | Sleep | Sleep | Sleep | Work | 1 a.m.–2 a.m. | Sleep | Work | Sleep | Sleep | Sleep | Sleep | Work | 2 a.m.–3 a.m. | Sleep | Work | Sleep | Sleep | Sleep | Sleep | Work | 3 a.m.–4 a.m. | Sleep | Work | Sleep | Sleep | Sleep | Sleep | Work | 4 a.m.–5 a.m. | Sleep | Work | Sleep | Sleep | Sleep | Sleep | Work | 5 a.m.–6 a.m. | Sleep | Work | Prepare for work | Prepare for work | Sleep | Sleep | Work | 6 a.m.–7...

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...which has helped me significantly in the classroom. The most important strategy I would have to say that I have learned from this course is time management. Because we all know that procrastination is a person’s worst enemy and as a college student it can really be your worst nightmare. To prevent this from being a thorn in my side, I started using methods such as the ABC method which has turned out to be a great way for me to prioritize things that are the most important and time frame that they need to be executed by. Also I’ve learned to do assignments ahead of time so that it gives me a cushion for other things as well as time to make any last minute adjustments. Time management has helped me understand that whenever I prioritize my time for work and school that the process is much easier and my grades have been the results to show, versus when I was a student in the primary grades. Where I was always waiting for the last second because procrastination was my best friend and I suffered for that. Also it gives me time to have a better thought process and really be able to explain and discuss in depth for any assignment or discussion post, because I have examined, processed and planned how to make sure the assignment is understood and done in a timely manner. I plan to continue to find even more tips and tricks to help me keep time management a top priority in my process to obtain my degree so that I never get behind to throw me off track for my destined graduation date. Must I...

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...In this assignment I am going to explain and evaluate the benefits and skills needed for good time management. Time management is the act or process of planning and exercising conscious control over the amount of time spent on specific actives, especially to increase efficiency or productivity. Effective time management must sit in the context of knowing what we want. Perhaps’ as we become aware of where our time goes we can start to identify the time management problems we need to solve. It is important to develop effective strategies for managing our time in order to balance the conflicting demands of our days. In order to improve productivity we need to think about how we are using our time and the best ways time management can work for us. In order to manage our time well we need to develop time management skills, although time management is much a product of how effectively we plan and balance are daily lives, there are plenty of tools and resources that can help us when planning our time better. Firstly Identifying Procrastination. The first step to conquering this behaviour is to understand why it happens. Fear of failure, self-doubt and goals without deadlines.( unit 1 Personal Development Workbook). Avoidance may seem like an easy option but what is the long term impact. We create more stress by pushing everything to the deadline. Understanding that the longer we leave the task the bigger the epic becomes. We need to make sure that we are not just completing...

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...Time Management Effective time management means less stress in your day to day routine. Managing your time effectively will get more done each day and when your minimize stress your improving the quality of work. “Effective executives, in my observation, do not start with their tasks, they start with their time. And they do not start out with planning. They start by finding out where their time actually goes,” (Peter Drucker, The Effective Executive” referenced by Negesh Belludi, 2008). We can easily lose sight on how we spend our time and before you know it the day is over. Ask yourself how your spend your time; keep a log of everything you do for a few days. Evaluate this and determine where you spend the most time, how to utilize certain times of the day and what you can shave off the list. If you commute to work, utilize this time to catch up on emails, read reports or write you’re to do list for the day. This time may seem short, but in the end useful. It’s also important to keep healthy to relive stress, not only can you be bombarded with heavy workloads but your personal life can affect your productivity as well. Get plenty of rest and make sure you have something for breakfast and lunch during work, this will keep you energized. Feeling run down exhausted or fatigue will only set you back and create distractions and limitations of productivity. A healthy lifestyle can improve focus; concentration and efficiency this will help finish the tasks out hand. Stock your...

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...Time Management Term Calendar with Reflection Instructions Once you have completed the Time Management: Lists activity in your textbook’s time management chapter, you are ready to begin this assignment. (Do not begin this assignment until you have completed that activity, as you will need it to do this work.) Complete the 2-month calendar provided in this document. Begin by filling in the days/dates that apply to the term of this course. Then put in routine activities in your life. This must include work, family, and church activities. Schedule in everything that you know is happening in your life during this course. Is there a wedding, family reunion, weekend trip, church supper, team sporting event, concert, movie, charity work, etc. that you will be engaged in? If so, add it to the calendar. The calendar cells will expand to accommodate your entries. Once you have added all those activities, write in the course assignments, based on the deadline for each. Use red font (ink) to show your course assignments. Now that you have completed your calendar, review it carefully, and consider the following questions in an honest assessment of your time. 1. Are your days/weekends full? 2. Are you surprised at how little time is left once all your commitments are included? 3. How can you plan time for school activities, given what you know of the commitments you have in the months of this course? 4. Is school just “one more thing” in your schedule, or have you given...

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...Time Management “One always has time enough, if one will apply it well” (Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, 1749, P.1). Effective time management is the most important factor in succeeding on personal and in professional goals and objectives. The average a person spends is fewer than seven hours of his or her day effectively. The remaining time is being wasted leaving the person overwhelmed and worried. Although time management is a big day to day life problem; it can be solved by building a schedule, using time saving techniques, and fighting procrastination (project management source, 2007). Building a schedule cannot only help fulfill the required goal, but it also remind a person of tasks, due dates, and events. An effective schedule should start with a planner that helps to keeps track of events and commitments. When planning the schedule for the day, a person should leave 20% of the day free for emergencies and interruptions. The next step is prioritizing the item to help identify important tasks and use all the energy on it. Sorting task according to priority and importance can identify tasks that are worthless or unnecessary. Most people spend 80% of their time trying to complete 20% of their tasks (project management source, 2007). When completing an important task on time, a person should reward himself/herself. When building a schedule, time saving helps a person to be organized and efficient, this leads to more personal time. Time saving has several effective techniques...

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...TIME MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES OF TIME MANAGEMENT To get control of your time, you need to be familiar with some basic principles of time management: Time “goes” where you direct it. You are in control of your time. Time management is about what we are able to accomplish with time. Time management means breaking old habits and realizing that your habits are usually the problem. Time management can enhance your work experience if you are able to accomplish your plan. Benefits of Time Management There are several benefits of time management: 1. Control stress. Time management is stress prevention. Time management reduces stress because you can meet deadlines, and you can work fewer hours with greater results. 2. Balance your life. Working long hours and taking work home with you can harm the natural balance you should have in your life. By learning to manage your time, you can do things you want to do instead of spending all your time on work responsibilities. 3. Increase productivity. Part of time management is determining how you spend your time. Once you determine how you spend your time, you can modify your schedule to increase productivity. For example, you might find that you waste time in meetings when a group e-mail could address the issue just as well. 4. Identify priorities. People who have the most trouble managing their time are those who do not know what their priorities are or should be. Knowing your priorities helps you spend valuable time where you need...

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...order to manage time restraints, one must focus on two primary goals. How to regulate time, and how to set some objectives goals for yourself. When regulating time one must concentrate on short term and long term objectives. Start off by managing the day to day week by week and then month by month activities. It is a splendid idea to write down and keep records on a calendar weekly schedule ad a day to day work list. Term calendars are sure to jot down overall school assignments, projects, and readings that are due. Some assignments that will be required may be lengthy and need to be subdivided the days of the week when due. Example if you have group assignments that require several steps, break the steps down. Write down when is brainstorming ideas due by, title due date, research conducted due date, group outline due by, rough draft due by, and then final assignment due date. Make sure to post the calendar in a place where it will be looking at it several times each day, to enhance compliance. Being a full-time student it is beneficial for to plan ahead for study times, and school assignments on a weekly schedule. To do list is another way of managing time before going to bed each night. Jot down what is needed for the next day. Upon completion of each task be sure to cross out the accomplishments. Crossing out the achievements helps keep one focused and on the correct path to success. Write down on the to-do list the best time for studies. The most popular time to do the assignment...

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...Time management It seems that there is never enough time in the day. However, since we all get the same 24 hours, why is it that some people achieve so much more with their time than others do? The answer lies in good time management. Time management refers to the way you organize and plan your activity and the duration of time, you intend to spend on it. Time management is an art that gives you complete control over your activities, timetable and schedule. Time management is the way through which you increase the effectiveness of your dedication towards some task. Such art teaches you how to be effective and efficient even when work pressure is high. Good time management requires an important shift in focus from activities to results: being busy is not the same as being effective. (Ironically, the opposite is often closer to the truth.) Spending your day in a frenzy of activity often achieves less, because you are dividing your attention between so many different tasks. Good time management lets you work smarter – not harder so that you get it more done in less time. Benefits of Time Management It may seem counter-intuitive to dedicate precious time to learning about time management, instead of using it to get on with your work, but the benefits are enormous: * It increases productivity and efficiency * You get greater professional reputation * It lessens the stress * It increases opportunities for advancement both personally and professionally ...

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...Time Management Time Management To begin, it is possible to state that time management is a technology which helps to organize time in the most effective way. Moreover, time management system allows people not only to be more productive in organizing their time, but also not miss something very important. According to different sources, the first attempt to develop a system of time management was made by a Roman philosopher, statesman and poet Lucius Annaeus Seneca in the first decade of the new era. Of course, Seneca’s attempts were different from modern approach to time management, but they were also important for people in ancient times. So, it becomes obvious that people from the early beginning of our civilization tried to organize their time and to spend it in the more efficient way. Today the organization of time is considered in close connection with the lifestyle of the person as a tool for maximal realization of the personal potential according with the values​​, world view and outlook of the person. We consider the mission of the human being as a prerequisite for the formation of the purposes, goals - as a subject for equipment with criteria, values ​​- as a basis for prioritization, and thirst for self-development - as the primary motivator. Of course, according to Van Eerde (2003), it can be stated that the one who does nothing needs no discipline. Therefore, the more we have plans, desires, goals and intentions, the more we feel the need for time management...

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