...Cleopatra Cleopatra VII Philopator was a striking and well-witted pharaoh of vast ancient Egypt. One of the six women rulers of Egypt, she led the country well and gained powerful alliances with Mark Antony and Julius Caesar, who were in fact two of her four spouses. Egypt was prosperous and thriving under her reign. Cleopatra VII was known to history for her voluptuous beauty, outrageous affairs, and- most memorably- being the last pharaoh of ancient Egypt. Cleopatra was born Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator to King Ptolemy XII Auletes and Cleopatra V Tryphaena sometime in October of 69 BC. She had several brothers and sisters, including Ptolemy XII and Ptolemy XIV, both of which she married as per the traditional Egyptian custom, and Cleopatra VI Tryphaena, who attempted to poison her younger sister, Cleopatra VII. Prior to Cleopatra’s mother and father departing to Rome, Cleopatra VI took over the throne, but died shortly afterwards, leaving the title of pharaoh to the young eighteen year-old Cleopatra and ten year-old Ptolemy. Although Ptolemy and she were a joint heir, Cleopatra made it clear that she did not intend on sharing the power with him. Ptolemy soon become conscious of Cleopatra’s intent and banished his wife and sister from Egypt. In attempt to gain alliance with Rome, thirteen year-old Ptolemy XII beheaded who he believed to be an enemy of Julius Caesar, but his assumptions were brutally incorrect. To punish Ptolemy, Caesar took over the Egyptian capital and declared...
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...The Concept of the EEOC Iletha Miller MAN 4302 Cynthania Clark October 30, 2014 The Concept of the EEOC Fifty years ago on July 3, 1964, President Johnson the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The most important part of this act was the Title VII of the legislation that answered the call for equal opportunity in the nation's workplaces. Title VII created made it illegal for anyone to be discriminated due to race, color, religion, national origin, or sex. It protected those who sought relief or assisted others in their exercise of rights secured by the law. The EEOC started operating one year later after the Civil Rights Act was passed. In addition to prohibiting employment discrimination, The EEOC also prevent discrimination through education and outreach, investigation, mediation, conciliation, litigation, and federal sector hearings, appeals, training and technical assistance (www.eeoc.gov). On the night he signed the landmark legislation, President Lyndon B. Johnson noted that: “Our generation of Americans has been called on to continue the unending search for justice within our own borders. We believe that all men are created equal. Yet many are denied equal treatment. We believe that all men have certain unalienable rights. Yet many Americans do not enjoy those rights. We believe that all men are entitled to the blessings of liberty. Yet millions are being deprived of those blessings-not because of...
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...the situation with Delilah. One of the most significant pieces of legislation that structures employment law is the 1993 act of Congress entitled the Family and Medical Leave Act (hereafter “the FMLA”). The FMLA, which was signed into law by then President Clinton (after many failed attempts by Congress to have the previous President Bush to do so), is the main, if not only, source of family leave legislation that is encompassed in law today. It was enacted to help families balance the burden of the workplace with the needs of family (“Employment Law” 605). The FMLA is composed of three (3) major requirements. First, it requires all public agencies, including state, local and federal employees, schools, and private-sector employers with fifty (50) or more employees to provide unpaid leave under certain specific circumstances (“The Family 1). In reference to the first, the second requirement of FMLA requires employers to protect the jobs of their employees who...
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...mentioned in advertisement? Yes No If your reply is “Yes” to A, B & C above, only then please proceed further. Otherwise you are not eligible to apply. 01. Bank Online Deposit of Rs: 450/- from Designated Bank Branches. Deposit Date Bank Code *Note: Application Form will not be entertained without Original Deposit Slip (NTS Copy) 02. Desired Post: Fill the Box for Desired Post. (Mandatory) To apply for more than one posts, please use separate form with separate fee. This form will be considered valid only for the first selected post in the sequence. Discipline Desired Post i. Maths ii. Physics iii. Chemistry iv. Zoology v. Lecturer (BPS-17) 01. Urdu vi. Political Science vii. Botany viii. Islamiyat 02. Trained Graduate Teacher (Urdu) (BPS-16) 03. Trained Graduate Teacher (English) (BPS-16) 04. Trained Graduate Teacher (Science/Phy/Math) (BPS-16) 05. Trained Graduate Teacher (Science/Chem/Bio) (BPS-16) 06. Oriental Language Teacher (BPS-16) 07. Trained Graduate Teacher (Home Economics) (BPS-16) 08. Computer Teacher (BPS-16) 09. Senior Physical Training Instructor (BPS-16) 03. Desired Test City: Fill Only One Box (Mandatory) (Subject to a minimum of 200 candidates, other wise the candidates will be assigned next nearest test city) 01....
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...Women in the Workforce Ask yourself if the rights and equality of the women in the workforce has changed as much as it should have over the last eighty eight years and then ask why. The women were given the right to vote in August 1920 after years of protests, but even then it took another fifty years before all fifty states had it written into law and practiced. The Second World War provided another opportunity for women to crush the belief that they could not perform and maintain the work or work load of a man by doing their jobs. Even though they performed the work at a level equal, and sometimes more proficient than a man, the jobs were handed back over to the returning military men with only a fraction of change in making these jobs more available to women. Now knowing they could do a man’s job, bring home the bacon and fry it up in a pan to support a family, was now know throughout the country and world. In the 1960’s another spark ignited the women cause for equality with the National Woman’s party and others in congress. The sixties on into the early seventies may be remembered as the era of Love and Peace, but I would have to say it was one of the most violent and productive times of the century. The addition of Sex Discrimination to the Civil Rights Bill at the last minute added another chapter in our history. Early in 1919 the House of Representatives passed the 19th amendment by a vote of 304 to 90, and the Senate approved it 56 to 25. Within the government when...
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...policy, which applies across the board to all employees. A black employee tells the employer he cannot shave without getting severe facial bumps from ingrown hairs. The employer replies that the policy is without exception and the employee must comply. The employee refuses and is later terminated. The employee brings suit under Title VII on the basis of race discrimination. Does he win? Why? Why not? SCENARIO 2 Two truck driver employees are found to have stolen goods from the cargo they were carrying. The black employee is retained and reprimanded. The white employee is terminated. The white employee sues the employer for race discrimination under Title VII. Who wins and why? SCENARIO 3 A black female employee is terminated during a downsizing at her place of employment. The decision was made to terminate the two worst employees, and she was one of them. The employer had not told the employee of her poor performance nor given her any negative feedback during evaluations to enable her to assess her performance and govern herself accordingly. In fact, there were specific orders not to give her any negative feedback. The employee sues for racial discrimination, alleging it was a violation of Title VII for the employer not to give her appropriate negative feedback during evaluations to prevent her from being put in the position of being terminated. Does...
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...In the study of history, we naturally break up time in to periods of great change, turmoil, peace, or remarkable activities. From an American perspective, we know the early 1900s as the era of flight, industry, and World War I. The hallmark of the thirties is the Great Depression. Following World War II in the fifties, our country realized a revitalized, expanded, and industrialized workforce as the American war machine transitioned into peace. In the sixties and seventies, you will recall that the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Movement. Each of these occurrences impacted the American worker and subsequently, their labor unions. Consider the Great Depression. Many Americans were out of work and without union or government intervention, the average American was at the mercy of a potential employer with little power. In 1933, Congress imputed unions with the power of collective bargaining and just two years later further empowered unions to negotiate with the Wagner Act (Library of Congress, n.d.). Legislation like this promoted Unions from intercessors in times of trouble to active advocates for all things labor! Unions were no longer waiting until the working conditions were bad to step in and help workers. Now, they could work with workers through all parts of employment, facilitating benefits, work hours, and more. In the ensuing decades, unions...
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...Constructive Discharge Under Title VII and the ADEA Finnegan, Sheila. The University of Chicago Law Review. Chicago: Spring 1986. Vol. 53, Iss. 2; pg. 561, 20 pgs This material is copyrighted by the University of Chicago Law Review. Further electronic distribution of this material is a violation of this copyright. COMMENTS Constructive Discharge Under Title VII and the ADEA Consider two employees who are victims of sexual harrassment. The first employee is fired after she refuses to accede to the repeated sexual demands of her supervisor. The second employee is also propositioned,but considers the workingenvironmentso intolerable that she resigns before any adverse action is taken against her. Each woman then sues her employer under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.1 Both employers may have violated Title VII.2 Even so, because of the way in which their employment was terminated the two employees may be entitled to different remedies. The first employee-who was fired-would presumptively be entitled to backpay for the wages lost after the date of firing.3In contrast, the 1 Pub. L. No. 88-352, ?? 701-716,78 Stat. 253 (1964) (codifiedas amendedat 42 U.S.C. ?? 2000e to 2000e-17 (1982)) [hereinaftercited as Title VII]. Section 703(a) of Title VII provides: (a) It shall be an unlawfulemploymentpractice for an employer(1) to fail or refuse to hire or to dischargeany individual,or otherwiseto discriminate against any individual with respect to his compensation,terms...
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...Introduction Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and various state anti-discrimination laws prohibit discrimination in employment based on sex, race, national origin, and religion. James and Minors (1996) conclude that although most organizations believe in equal opportunity policies, they do not practice inclusion. Most of these organizations struggle with issues of gender, race, sexual orientation, and disability of their employees. Many of these organizations develop institutional racism which closes the door for employment for many people of color. The United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) in 2009 received 93,277 charges of discrimination. The workplace in the 21st century has transformed. The transformation is evident by the changing ethnic, racial, age, and gender of today’s workforce. With today’s diverse workforce there emerges three major forms of discrimination in the workplace: racial, gender, and age. The paper takes a closer look at discrimination in the workplace as it relates to race, gender, and age. The major premise of the paper is this: Does racial discrimination persists now more than ever? Has gender discrimination against working women declined? Has age discrimination in the workplace increased? I. Does racial discrimination persists now more than ever? According to Kasey Jones (2010), racial discrimination is the improper and unfair treatment of a worker due to his or her race, color or religion. Workplace decisions...
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...Race/Gender Anomaly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III. The Circuit Split on the Race/Gender Conundrum . . . . . . . . . IV. Analogy to Race-Based Affirmative Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Remedial Purpose as a Justification for Affirmative Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. The Diversity Rationale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. The Arguments Against Affirmative Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . V. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I. INTRODUCTION The blockbuster race discrimination cases in recent years have all involved affirmative action and reverse discrimination. The Supreme Court has made it clear that race classifications, whether benign or invidious, will trigger rigid strict scrutiny analysis, which requires that the government prove its program is narrowly tailored to serve a compelling interest. In 2003, the Court, in Gratz v. Bollinger,1 ruled that while student diversity in educational institutions may be a compelling interest, an affirmative action program that assigned points to applicants of minority races was unconstitutional.2 In 2007, in Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1,3 it held that two public school district plans that used race-based enrollment targets for student assignments failed...
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...King Henry VIII King of England and Lord of Ireland "We are, by the sufferance of God, King of England; and the Kings of England in times past never had any superior but God." Quote by King Henry VIII made to Cardinal Wolsey in 1515 Henry tutor, who is named after his father Henry VII the first of the Tudor dynasty, Henry was born on, born the 28th of June 1491. His mother Elizabeth of York and father Henry VII. The tutor dynasty is known as royal house of Welsh origin that ruled the Kingdom of England and its realms; this included the Lordship and Kingdom of Ireland, from 1485 until 1603. Henry’s Tutor character according to historical records handsome 6’2 man, great athlete, hunted and played tennis. He was also a great composer of music, including the “greensleves”. Not only for his great looks, Henry being very smart as well, studied theology before the age of 12, to prepare for the clergy.( Henry VIII: The King and His Court [Paperback]) King Henry VIII is viewed as one of the most controversial rulers in history. His desperation to have his name carried on with a male heir, and his need to have ultimate power led him to do what no other ruler dare to attempt. His desperation to have his name carried on with a male heir, and his need to have ultimate power led him to do what none other before him had dared attempt. To fully understand the reasons behind his actions, one needs consider his personal characteristics, the women in his life, as well as...
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...demand, for example, or the effect of changes in the money supply upon the inflation rate. To explore such issues, the investigator assembles data on the underlying variables of interest and employs regression to estimate the quantitative effect of the causal variables upon the variable that they influence. The investigator also typically assesses the “statistical significance” of the estimated relationships, that is, the degree of confidence that the true relationship is close to the estimated relationship. Regression techniques have long been central to the field of economic statistics (“econometrics”). Increasingly, they have become important to lawyers and legal policy makers as well. Regression has been offered as evidence of liability under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of , as evidence of racial bias in death penalty litigation, as evidence of damages in contract actions, as evidence of violations under the Voting Rights Act, and as evidence of damages in antitrust litigation, among other things. In this lecture, I will provide an overview of the most basic techniques of regression analysis—how they work, what they assume, Professor of Law, University of Chicago, The Law School. I thank Donna Cote for helpful research assistance. See, e.g, Bazemore v. Friday, U.S. , (). See, e.g., McClesky v. Kemp, U.S. (). See, e.g., Cotton Brothers Baking Co. v. Industrial Risk Insurers, F.d (th Cir. ). See, e.g., Thornburgh v. Gingles...
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... Changes and important events form our lives today. Similarly, many significant events happened in the 1960s. These events greatly impacted not only my life, but that of societies’ throughout the world. To begin with, I would like to start with the women’s rights revolution in December of 1961. That month, President Kennedy founded the Commission on the Status of Women, and Eleanor Roosevelt became its chair, for improving the status of women and the quality of their lives. Two years later the commission published its report called American Women, which commented on the status of US women, and made recommendations for improving their roles in society. In 1963 the Congress passed the Equal Pay Act, requiring equal pay for work without regard to sex. During the next year, the Congress introduced Title VII of the Civil Rights Act that banned discrimination based on color, sex, race, religion, or national origin by employers, and employment agencies (Fuentes, 2011). Later, however, age and handicapped discrimination were added. Although, sex discrimination still existed, it became obvious that females were being granted more opportunities and step by step they managed to break through the wall of offensive attitudes from male employers. It was interesting that even after new laws came into force, few Americans were aware of such a thing as sex discrimination. The response to the phrase “women's rights” was just laughter. Moreover, words like “sex discrimination”...
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...REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7160 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7160 - AN ACT PROVIDING FOR A LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE OF 1991 BOOK I General Provisions TITLE I. Basic Principles CHAPTER I The Code: Policy and Application SECTION 1. Title. — This Act shall be known and cited as the "Local Government Code of 1991". SECTION 2. Declaration of Policy. — (a) It is hereby declared the policy of the State that the territorial and political subdivisions of the State shall enjoy genuine and meaningful local autonomy to enable them to attain their fullest development as self-reliant communities and make them more effective partners in the attainment of national goals. Toward this end, the State shall provide for a more responsive and accountable local government structure instituted through a system of decentralization whereby local government units shall be given more powers, authority, responsibilities, and resources. The process of decentralization shall proceed from the national government to the local government units. (b) It is also the policy of the State to ensure the accountability of local government units through the institution of effective mechanisms of recall, initiative and referendum. (c) It is likewise the policy of the State to require all national agencies and offices to conduct periodic consultations with appropriate local government units, nongovernmental and people's organizations, and other concerned sectors of the community...
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...11 Trends in the 1990s………………………………………………………… 12 The Human Capital Theory……..…………………………………………. 14 Sex Segregation Theory……………………………………………………. 15 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………. 16 Predictions for the future…………………………………………………... 17 References………………………………………………………………………….. 18 Abstract Pay differences between men and women is still a topic that keeps re-surfacing over the years. Since the signing of the Equal Pay Act of 1963, it is now illegal to pay men and women substantially different wages for equal work. The question is could there still be pay disparity between men and women in today’s labor market. This paper evaluates the dilemma faced by employers and reviews the trends in the gender wage gap. The paper will also investigate possible causes of the gender wage gap. In closing, the author will provide possible predictions for the future. US Male vs. Female Pay Differences: Has the Wage Gap Narrowed and Why? In the United States, there is still controversy about male vs. female pay differences. In 1963, nearly thirty five years ago, President Kennedy signed the Equal Pay Act. The Equal Pay Act of 1963 made it illegal to pay men and women substantially different wages for equal work. After the signing of the Equal Pay Act of 1963, the amount of women entering the labor market increased. In the 1950s only one out of three women were apart of the labor force....
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