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To What Extent Have Modern Liberals Departed from the Ideas of Classical Liberalism? (45 Marks)

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Although it can be said that classical and modern liberals hold the same fundamental principles and ideas, it could also definitely be argued that modern liberalism moves away from the brutality of classical liberalism, and the two concepts have departed, with modern liberals focusing more on helping individuals achieve their potential and protecting them. With this said, both concepts do undoubtedly hold true the fundamental concept which is freedom of the individual; even if they interpret this concept in different ways. Whilst the moving away from classical liberalism holds to be true, because of concept such as neoliberalism, classical liberalism does still have an influence on every day life.

One of the fundamental liberal principles is centered around freedom of the individual, and this can be said to be both one of the main similarities, and one of the main differences between modern and classical liberalism. Classical liberals believe in negative freedom; freedom being the absence of external constraints. The individual is therefore free: left alone and not interfered with or coerced by others. Classical liberals believe this leads to the formation of a meritocracy; where people can make a success of themselves based on their hard work and talents, and are not held back by the state when trying to do so. Modern liberals share this same concept of freedom and believe that the individual should be free to make the best of themselves through talent and hard work. However, in Beveridge’s words ‘A starving man is not free’. This concept progressed into Positive freedom. People should be free to realize their potential and be able to make a full range of choices, and they are not able to do this if they can’t afford basic services like education or healthcare. The ‘enabling state’ can therefore help individuals to reach their potential. This has lead to the

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