... however, the same ties that benefit members of a group can result in negative outcomes such as the exclusion of outsiders, excessive claims by insiders, restrictions of individual freedoms, and perpetuation of backwards norms etc. (Quibria, 2003, Eriksson, 2011). Social capital as a function (Coleman, 1988) can establish chances for network members; though, this is normally supported on religion, ethnicity, language, and career....
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...cultures, races, and ethnicities should have the chance to be understood and accepted for who they are, rather than what the media portrays them as. So many people are discriminated against because of a story in the news that has absolutely nothing to do with them as a person, but just relates to someone else from the same group, and therefore those people are generally discriminated against as a whole. This class has really helped to open my eyes to the true level of diversity in the United States today, and how much we could learn from each other if we just took the time to stop and accept each other. Another thing that I learned about in this class that pertains to my cultural history is the fact that so many people that immigrated to the United States from Ireland were discriminated against severely throughout history. I knew little about it before, but never really understood the full extent of the discrimination and hatred that was held towards the Irish immigrants until now. As diverse as society is today in the United States, I believe that by the year 2050 there will be at least one type of every culture from around the world found in the United States. I believe this because every day there are more and more immigrants coming to the United States for one reason or another, be it freedom from religious persecution or simply looking for better opportunities than what is available in their home...
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...Simon luôn được biết đến với phong cách đơn giản và hiệu quả. Những bài học thầy viết luôn gần gũi, dễ hiểu và dễ áp dụng đối với mọi học viên. Tương tự là những bài essays thầy viết mẫu. Chúng đều tương đối đơn giản, nhưng lại cực kỳ xuất sắc và đều đạt mức band điểm 9.0. Dưới đây là tổng hợp 18 bài essays mẫu của thầy Simon cho Task 2. Các bạn nên đọc và phân tích kỹ từng bài viết này để học được cách viết sao cho đơn giản, mạch lạc và kiếm được điểm cao nhất. Chúc các bạn học được nhiều điều từ những bài viết mẫu này. Trần Quang Thắng Tác giả: Simon Website: www.ielts-simon.com Người tổng hợp: Quang Thắng Website: www.ielts-quangthang.com Some people believe that hobbies need to be difficult to be enjoyable. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Some hobbies are relatively easy, while others present more of a challenge. Personally, I believe that both types of hobby can be fun, and I therefore disagree with the statement that hobbies need to be difficult in order to be enjoyable. On the one hand, many people enjoy easy hobbies. One example of an activity that is easy for most people is swimming. This hobby requires very little equipment, it is simple to learn, and it is inexpensive. I remember learning to swim at my local swimming pool when I was a child, and it never felt like a demanding or challenging experience. Another hobby that I find easy and fun is photography. In my opinion, anyone can take interesting pictures without knowing too much...
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...(1993). In recent decades, a substantial amount of research has been carried out to examine the impacts of tourism on a destination and, to a lesser extent, events and festivals. Through this work, both positive and negative impacts of events and festivals on a destination have been discovered. Indeed, it is the expected benefits of events, whether economic, social, political or environmental, that is the principal drive underpinning the support for and increasing popularity of events and festivals at the local, national and international scale. Getz also believes that “local and regional events, including business events and conferences can increase visitation and expenditure, reduce seasonality, revitalize the economy, encourage repeat visitation and heighten regional awareness. Added to this, events and festivals can also provide the stimulus for additional infrastructure development in the local area and building community pride” (1993). On the other hand, events almost inevitably incur cost or have negative consequences that, to a lesser or greater extent, serve to reduce one’s net benefit. Unfortunately, these negative results can give rise to problems for the host community who may wish to host the event again. With this being said, event mangers should carefully plan an event in such a way that benefits are optimized and negative impacts are minimized. Event Planning and Management Developing a successful event, whether it is a local, special, business or major...
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...INSTITUTIONS AND DEVELOPMENT By Mary M. Shirley 1 1. THE CHALLENGE OF DEVELOPMENT Developed countries are the exception, not the rule. Billions of dollars of aid and countless hours of advice notwithstanding, most countries have not been able to foster sustained growth and social progress. Increasingly research has shown that weak, Cross-country missing or perverse institutions are the roots of underdevelopment. regressions persistently demonstrate large and statistically significant correlations between institutional variables and growth, and in horse races between variables, an index of institutional quality “trumps” geography or trade as an explanation for growth (Rodrik, et al. 2002). To meet the challenge of development countries need two distinct and not necessarily complementary sets of institutions: (i) those that foster exchange by lowering transaction costs and encouraging trust, and (ii) those that influence the state to protect private property rather than expropriate it. 1 The first set of institutions includes contracts and contract enforcement mechanisms, commercial norms and rules, and habits and beliefs favoring shared values and the accumulation of human capital. Among the second set of institutions are constitutions, electoral rules, laws governing speech and education, and legal and civic norms. Today’s underdeveloped countries must acquire these institutions under particularly difficult conditions -- in a global market competing with already...
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...Keller graduate school of management, Gm591 Mamun Chowdhury (Research question: How do differing perspectives affect out views of workforce diversity?) Introduction: Diversity relates to gender, age, language, ethnicity, cultural background, disability, sexual orientation or religious belief, including that people are different in other respects such as educational level, job function, socio-economic background, personality profile, marital status and whether or not one has family. Diversity and demographic differences can impact individual behavior by creating conflict in the workplace. The success of an organization depends on the workforce of the organization. A workforce made up of diverse individuals from different backgrounds can bring the best talent to an organization. Today, there are more and more ethnic people joining the workforce of the United States. Since the United States is considered the land of opportunity, more people from different backgrounds have migrated to our country over the past 100+ years to obtain work. Now, due to an increase in globalization and companies becoming more diverse, we are seeing even more people of ethnic backgrounds relocating to the United States for opportunities. With the increase in education, this is bringing forth many individuals of whom tend to have a great deal of input into organizations that otherwise would not have happened. These individuals bring a vast array...
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...MGT 300 Midterm Review Questions Chapter 1 1. What is organizational performance and what is its relationship with efficiency and effectiveness? Organizational performance: a measure of how efficiently and effectively managers use organizational resources to satisfy customers and achiever organizational goals. Efficiency: A measure of how well or productively resources are used to achieve a goal Effectiveness: A measure of the appropriateness of the goals an organization is pursuing and the degree to which the organization achieves those goals. 2. Explain the following terms: strategy, low-cost strategy, and differentiation strategy Strategy: A cluster of decisions about what goals to pursue, what actions to take, and how to use resources to achieve goals. Low cost strategy: a way of obtaining customers by making decision that allow an organization to produce goods or services more cheaply than its competitors so it can charge lower prices than they do Differentiation strategy: To deliver to customers new, exciting, and unique products 3. What does the managerial function of organizing involve? What is its outcome? Organizing: structuring working relationships so organization members interact and cooperate to achieve organization goals. Outcome: The outcome of organizing is the creation of organization structure Organization structure: a formal system of task and reporting relationships that coordinates and motivates organizational members so they...
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...(PERIODICALS, DIRECTORIES, GUIDES, BOOKLETS / BROCHURES, MAPS, ETC.). | 10 | 3 | ANSWERING THE QUESTIONS: | 11 | 3 | CONCLUSION | 15 | | | | | | | | | | INTRODUCTION Ecotourism is: "Responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people." (TIES, 1990) Ecotourism is about uniting conservation, communities, and sustainable travel. This means that those who implement and participate in ecotourism activities should follow the following ecotourism principles: * Minimize impact. * Build environmental and cultural awareness and respect. * Provide positive experiences for both visitors and hosts. * Provide direct financial benefits for conservation. * Provide financial benefits and empowerment for local people. * Raise sensitivity to host countries' political, environmental, and social climate. Ecotourism is a growing segment of the national tourism industry that is making significant positive contributions to the environmental, social, cultural and economic well-being of destinations and local communities. Offering market-linked long-term solutions, ecotourism provides effective economic incentives for conserving and enhancing bio-cultural diversity and helps protect the natural and...
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...indirect audiences. Mega events offer the opportunity to project a desired image of a host country going far beyond the event itself, enabling a country to communicate assets that can be attractive for tourists. Getz, (1998), p.242 defines mega events as “Planned occurrences of limited duration which have an extraordinary impact on the host area in terms of one or more of the following: tourist volumes; visitor expenditures; publicity leading to a heightened awareness and a more positive image; related infrastructural and organisational developments which substantially increase the destination’s capacity and attractiveness”. Although the notion of events has been known for a long time, it is their scale and strategic use in late modern society that make them appealing for host places, media, researchers, visitors and others. Especially in tourism, mega events have attracted considerable interest. Roche (1994:1) states that ‘mega events are short term events with long term consequences for the cities that stage them’. Most of the numerous studies which have already been conducted on the nature of tourism determinants, such as that of Solberg and Preuss (2006), have found that the hosting of mega events tends to increase the number of arrivals of foreign tourists to the host country. More recently, however, a number of authors have been relatively sceptical, having come to regard past ex ante studies of mega events as having been too optimistic. In particular, Maennig, et al. (2009)...
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...to be included with the statement of the organization's vision. Dr. John Johns, in an article entitled "The Ethical Dimensions of National Security," mentions honesty and loyalty as values that are the ingredients of integrity. When values are shared by all members of an organization, they are extraordinarily important tools for making judgments, assessing probable outcomes of contemplated actions, and choosing among alternatives. Perhaps more important, they put all members "on the same sheet of music" with regard to what all members as a body consider important. The Army, in 1986, had as the theme for the year "values," and listed four organizational values-loyalty, duty, selfless service, and integrity-and four individual values- commitment, competence, candor, and courage. A Department of the Army pamphlet entitled Values: The Bedrock of Our Profession spent some time talking about the importance of values, and included this definition: Values are what we, as a profession, judge to be right. They are more than words-they are the moral, ethical, and professional attributes of character . . . there are certain core values that must be instilled in members of the U.S. Army-civilian and uniformed soldier alike. These are not the only values that should determine our character, but they are ones that are central to our...
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...increasingly pronounced. None more so than relations with European Muslims. This paper will examine identity politics as it relates to European civilization formation, looking at how Muslim political aspirations compare with those of other minority groups, as well as the changing face of Muslim political organizations and their role in changing perceptions. In determining the extent of Islamic challenges in Europe, it is important to understand how Muslim desires for identity recognition and respect compare to similar desires by other minority groups, as well as what constitutes equality in the contemporary epoch. Attitudes towards race and identity have developed beyond a mere colour blindness, towards a what has been termed “positive racial explicitness,” that is, taking pride in previously marginalized identities or in creating new identities as “a way of negotiating a position of equality and dignity” in today’s world. This hasn’t been limited to ethnic minorities either, but can be viewed in the identity politics of LGBT and feminist movements, especially in places where class politics have declined in salience. What is it that these movements expect and aim for? Iris Young described the ideal of equality as not simply being permission for minorities to follow the norms of dominant culture, but rather that “a positive self-definition of group difference is in fact more liberat[ing].” This leads to two interrelated conceptions of equality as they relate to the effective exercise of...
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...challenges that managers confront in seeking to establish and maintain a legal and ethical workplace. This article first provides a general introduction to Civil Rights laws in the United States; and then furnishes a detailed legal analysis of age discrimination laws in the United States. Data dealing with the aging of the workforce, the unemployment rates of older workers, as well as the number of age discrimination lawsuits in the United States is furnished. Persistent racial inequality in employment, housing, and other social domains has renewed interest in the possible role of discrimination. Contemporary forms of discrimination, however, are often subtle and covert, posing problems for social scientific conceptualization and measurement. WHAT IS DISCRIMINATION? Discrimination is treating, or proposing to treat, someone unfavorably because of a personal characteristic protected by law. According to its most simple definition, racial discrimination refers to unequal treatment of persons or groups on the basis of their race or ethnicity. In defining racial discrimination, many scholars and legal advocates distinguish between differential treatment and disparate impact, creating a two-part definition: Differential treatment occurs when individuals are treated unequally because of their race. Disparate impact occurs when individuals are treated equally according to a given set of rules and procedures but when the latter are constructed in ways that favor members of one group over...
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...still persists in our modern society in some form or the other. The United States of America is no stranger to incidents where these objectionable incidents are recorded widely, and it is not just relegated to poor neighborhoods and other similarly shady areas. Rather, it has become a permanent feature in the corporate world, Government and other similar places where these sorts of differentiations would be least expected. One community that has always been constantly repressed is the African American community. Their forefathers were brought to America’s shores as slaves, in times when slavery was still tolerated. To this day, many people in America still consider them as alien to their land. This of course leads to a host of problems across America that shows up when African Americans across the country are questioned about their fortunes. This sort of discrimination is often encouraged by many people that rather disturbingly have a lot of authority and power in making and implementing laws. Their argument is that discriminating and acting against the Black community is a viable way of making sure that Crime is kept in check. Distinguishing between color, creed, religion and race should be resigned to history. How many wars have we fought? How many lives cut short owing to this hate and fear? We of all societies should be able to recognize and judge that this kind of discrimination leaves us no better than wild animals, always afraid of what they don’t understand and ready...
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...VALUES AND ETHICS INTRODUCTION Values and ethics are central to any organization; those operating in the national security arena are no exception. What exactly do we mean by values and ethics? Both are extremely broad terms, and we need to focus in on the aspects most relevant for strategic leaders and decision makers. What we will first discuss is the distinctive nature of ethics for public officials; second, the forces which influence the ethical behavior of individuals in organizations; and third, explore the actions strategic leaders can take to build ethical climates in their organizations. THE CHARACTER OF VALUES AND ETHICS Values can be defined as those things that are important to or valued by someone. That someone can be an individual or, collectively, an organization. One place where values are important is in relation to vision. One of the imperatives for organizational vision is that it must be based on and consistent with the organization's core values. In one example of a vision statement we'll look at later, the organization's core values - in this case, integrity, professionalism, caring, teamwork, and stewardship- were deemed important enough to be included with the statement of the organization's vision. Dr. John Johns, in an article entitled "The Ethical Dimensions of National Security," mentions honesty and loyalty as values that are the ingredients of integrity. When values are shared by all members of an organization, they are extraordinarily...
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...Sustainability 2010, 2, 3436-3448; doi:10.3390/su2113436 OPEN ACCESS sustainability ISSN 2071-1050 www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability Review What is Sustainability? Tom Kuhlman 1,* and John Farrington 2 1 2 Agricultural Economics Research Institute, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 29703, 2502LS The Hague, The Netherlands Institute for Rural Research, Geography and Environment, University of Aberdeen, Elphinstone Road, Aberdeen AB24 3UF, Scotland, UK; E-Mail: j.farrington@abdn.ac.uk * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: tom.kuhlman@wur.nl; Tel.: +31-70-3358-232; Fax: +31-70-3615-624. Received: 17 September 2010; in revised form: 15 October 2010 / Accepted: 19 October 2010 / Published: 1 November 2010 Abstract: Sustainability as a policy concept has its origin in the Brundtland Report of 1987. That document was concerned with the tension between the aspirations of mankind towards a better life on the one hand and the limitations imposed by nature on the other hand. In the course of time, the concept has been re-interpreted as encompassing three dimensions, namely social, economic and environmental. The paper argues that this change in meaning (a) obscures the real contradiction between the aims of welfare for all and environmental conservation; (b) risks diminishing the importance of the environmental dimension; and (c) separates social from economic aspects, which in reality are one and the same. It is proposed instead...
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