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Tools for Managing Weather Risk

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Submitted By todorov1987
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Tools for managing weather risk

Characterization

Weather derivatives, unlike the financial and stock are used to hedge quantity rather than price risks. As commodity futures have underlying price of the commodity and weather derivatives are based on a measured weather index, depending on the specifics of the contract. For this purpose, relevant weather variables can be measured quantitatively. Most weather contracts – 69% Degree Days are based on indices which measure the deviation of the average daily temperature from a base temperature (mostly 65 ° F or 18 ° C). These indices occur within the energy industry and are designed to correlate well with the consumption of electricity for heating (Heating Degree Days, HDD) or cooling (Cooling Degree Days, CDD). The indices are calculated for each day of the contract and in effect a measure of how cold (HDD) or how warm (CDD) is one day. The index value for the contract period is the cumulative sum of the measured daily deviations from the benchmark.
The same principles of aggregation of reported daily values (deviation from a benchmark average and cumulative value) is applied to calculate indexes based on the amount of rain and snow, wind power, etc.. Specific type of indexes are indexes threshold ("event" or called "critical day" index), which report the number of cases (of days) during the contract, which occur in certain weather events, such as average daily temperature exceeds (or falls below) threshold.

Types of derivatives

The list of derivative structures used in weather markets is extensive and continuously adds new tools. However, most often these are options, futures, swaps, etc. Since weather variables are not tradable assets and no price calculation of payments of climate contracts is done by a function of payment in which the measured value of the index for the period of contract is a variable

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