...1/18/2014 SimUText :: Printable Chapter :: Life History PRINT ER-FRIENDLY PAGE: T his page contains the com plete tex t of this Sim UT ex t chapter. Y ou can use y our browser's print function to print a copy . Life History This chapter explores life cycles, life histories and life tables, and explores the trade-offs that different species make in their reproductive strategy. file:///C:/Users/Hossein/SimUText/labs/LifeHistory_20700/instructions/print_chapter.html 1/156 1/18/2014 SimUText :: Printable Chapter :: Life History Contents Se ction 1 : Life Cycle s a nd Life Historie s Chapter Credits This Sim UText chapter was dev eloped by a team including: Lead Author: Simon Bird Authors: W. John Roach, Ellie Steinberg, Eli Meir Reviewer: Susan Maruca Graphics: Brad Beesley, Jennifer Wallner Simulations: Susan Maruca Programming: Derek Stal, Steve Allison-Bunnell, Jen Jacaruso Outside Reviewer: James Danoff-Burg (Columbia University) Thanks to all the students and instructors who helped test prototy pes of this chapter. For m ore inform ation, please v isit www.sim bio.com . Suggested citation: Sim on Bird, Susan Maruca, W. John Roach, Ellie Steinberg, Eli Meir. 2 009 . Life History . In Sim UText Ecology . Sim bio.com . Sim UText is a registered tradem ark of Sim Biotic Software for Teaching and Research, Inc. © 2 009 -2 01 2 Sim Bio. All Rights Reserv ed. This and other Sim bio Interactiv e Chapters® are accessible through the Sim UText Sy stem ®. ...
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...History is known to repeat itself and through the years we’ve seen advances and also a decrease in its progress. In one aspect we’ve seen this go backward and forward with is freedom. Freedom is very important to the American people, as this is something we’ve fought for as a nation. The United States of America is considered the best Nation world wide, but how is that possible if history is repeating itself? The history is repeated as we still have issues with our freedom between the two genders, race, and slaves. We’ve seen the progress from all three unfortunately we’ve seen the decrease made by them as well. Territory is very important for a country to be successful, the more land equals more power the country will have. In relation, developing countries need all the help they can get to expand their country to be as successful as they could possibly be. In The Life of Olaudah Equiano, the natives of Africa as they are being taken away from their home to a place they are not familiar with is discussed throughout this passage. The freedom of these people are being taken from them as they don’t have a voice in what is happening, and later auctioned to be sold off. Stealing children from their parents and...
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...Based on a real-life event, Napoleon: Total War was released on February 23, 2010 in North America. Three days later, Europe had it. The game was set in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Even with that said, it was not until January of 1805 that the storyline of the game started. The whole game of the European Campaign was set from 1805 till June 1807 ending with the victorious Battle of Moscow. This may vary greatly depending on the player because Creative Assembly gave the gamer till 1812 to beat the whole game, which creates a huge change in history regarding dates. In two game plays, Total War gives the player a chance to acquire money through building structures, receiving taxes, making agreements with other allies, building armies, and...
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...Ancient Chinese Inventions Assignment 2 Christopher Macinkowicz 8/23/2013 Professor Ibrahim H. Alsaeed, Ph.D. World Cultures I Many people do not realize how many different and important inventions China has added to our world. Our everyday life would much different if it weren’t for the Chinese. From fishing reels to sunglasses, alcohol to the umbrella, many inventions that we take for granted are the result of ancient Chinese innovation. Even the fork and toilet paper were invented by the Chinese people. Although each of the inventions I have already mentioned is extremely important in their own way, there are four main Chinese inventions that I believe have changed the course of history. They are, in no particular order, gunpowder, paper, the compass, and silk. I will discuss each one of these four very important inventions in this paper and also reveal which one I believe has been the most important to my personal life. First off, let’s talk about gunpowder. Gunpowder is a highly volatile compound that is made from potassium nitrate and charcoal. Originally used to treat skin diseases as far back as 140 AD, eventually the Chinese people mastered the art of igniting the gunpowder to launch fireworks and rockets which were used to defend China from Mongol invaders as early as the 9th or 10th century AD. Gunpowder has since been used by people all over the world for purposes ranging from hunting to warfare. Were it not for the discovery of gunpowder...
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...made a significant contribution to Chinese culture. Gunpowder in Chinese is called “huo yau”, meaning flaming medicine. The use of gunpowder gave the Chinese a greater ability to protect them from enemies and to conquer and control others. Although fireworks today are used as entertainment, the Chinese used it to scare-off enemies in the time of war. Chinese firearms, fireworks and gunpowder were also popular items of trade along the Silk Road to Europe. As we can imagine this invention had a profound effect on human history and although gunpowder was invented by the Chinese, it gave rise to the powerful western world while it inevitably left China and the Eastern World behind. B. Description of the Chinese Culture (Brandy Miller) 1. Chinese Society: Understanding a people's culture exposes their normalness without reducing their individuality. There are many different realms of Chinese society. China is well known for its centuries of traditional values, customs and beliefs. These beliefs are deeply linked with the language, religions and collective values which have always been the center of traditional festivals, customs and everyday life of man as a collective in harmony with nature (Needham, J., 1986). Despite the strong Chinese cultural traditions, the last century has seen a great deal of social change in China. Most recently, increased involvement in the global economic market has led to a high level of prosperity in China which is unfortunately not shared...
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...learn computers, Many Teens and Minors can learn a trade such as fixing cars, as a way that they can learn something new. Many juveniles come from bad backgrounds such as family, sexual abuse, gang life and sex trades, and other problems. These problems can help minors learn something help them be better adults in the future. It can help them see and feel that they have a chance in life. Engaging with families involves releasing false assumptions. Agencies must assess and respond to the real needs of the teens and Minors. Many communities want the juvenile justice system to change. Some want the teens and minors off the street and some want them to get help. Many want law enforcement to be more involved and courts to help them. Law enforcement will do all they can to help minors get off the street. They help by Engaging families and communities in a form of restorative manner Building capacity of community-based organizations and parent advocates; and this can Includes ways of impacted communities on how advisory boards and commissions on how it can be impoved. There are many juvenile programs such as job programs, education, and drug programs. There are computer training that can help teen and minors learn computers, Many Teens and Minors can learn a trade such as fixing cars, as a way that they can learn something new. Many juveniles come from bad backgrounds such as family, sexual abuse, gang life and sex trades, and other problems. These problems can help minors...
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...Native American History John Houston HIS204: American History since 1865 Prof. Gregory Scott August 21, 2013 Thesis statement: Native American history Introduction It has been seen that Native American history extents thousands of thousands of years and two continents. This is a versatile narrative of full of life cultures that in turn generated complicated financial associations and multifaceted political unions. In the course of it all, an association of First Peoples to the earth has stay behind a fundamental subject. Despite the fact that Native Americans of the area nowadays recognized like New England share identical languages and civilizations, recognized like Eastern Algonquian, we can say that they are not one political or societal cluster. To a certain extent, history comprises and still comprises numerous sub-groups. For instance, the Wampanoag reside in southeastern Massachusetts, the Pequot’s and Mohegan’s live in Connecticut at the same time as the Pocumtucks dwelt in the middle Connecticut River Valley close to today's Deerfield, Massachusetts (Bourne, 1990). Similar to the elders of other Native society, Algonquian elders have conventionally conveyed significant civilizing information to the younger age group in words. Such information, passed on in the structure of tales, take in the group's record, information on beginning, viewpoint as well asethical lessons. Verbal ritual communicates formal procedure, supporting...
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...sea and half came from the east overland on the California Trail and the Gila River Trail (Wikipedia, 2004). At first the gold nuggets could be picked off the ground. Later, gold was recovered from streams and riverbeds using simple techniques. Towards the end heavier equipment was used to retrieve the gold. When the gold was first discovered they wanted to keep it quiet. There was fear of what would happen to the land and agriculture if there was a mass gold search, but rumors spread and people saw the profits that could be made. Many hurried to set up stores to sell gold digging supplies and then announced and spread word of gold. It didn’t take long for this exciting news to take off. Soon all the newspapers along the east coast were reporting the findings and wealth to be made in California. The effects of the Gold Rush were substantial. In six years, San Francisco grew from a small settlement of about 200 residents to a boomtown of about 36,000 (Udall, 2003). Roads, churches, schools and other towns were built throughout California. Soon it then became a state and railroads were built across the country from California to the eastern part of the United States. Agriculture and ranching expanded to meet the needs of the people. New technologies were developed and soon the economy in the West took off. Another geographic factor that affected the United States was the Dust Bowl. It...
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...In Tom Standage’s A History of the World in 6 Glasses, he argues that it is possible to divide history into periods characterized by certain drinks: beer, wine, spirits, coffee, tea, and Coca-Cola. He believes that these drinks represent different time periods, as the Bronze Age is represented by bronze, or the Iron Age by iron. Standage provides ample evidence to prove his argument that drinks can be used to split history into periods because they were vital in shaping world politics, economics, and society. These drinks had a large impact on social gatherings and interactions of the time period. In Mesopotamia, beer was a social drink that brought people together. Early depictions of beer in Sumerian culture show multiple people drinking...
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...copywriter, John Kuraoka, mentioned if according to poet John Dryden “War is the trade of king,” then modern era trade could the ‘warfare’ of businesspeople as they too maneuver for increased revenues on the battlefield of commerce.3 Winning the business war could be dependent upon many factors such as focus in creating a plan, flexibility, good people with skills and equipment, a good leader with abilities to motivate and manage people.4 Napoleon Bonaparte was considered a masterful soldier, an excellent administrator and a brilliant individual in the history, who had made use of these factors to win his battles.5 He played a major role in the history and development of military warfare. With audacity, speed and planning, Napoleon conquered territories and ruled France from 1800 to 1815 so completely that the period was known as ‘Napoleonic Era’. As an emperor of France, Napoleon dominated European political and military life. He not only captured vast territory but also influenced armies and governments throughout the world.6 Napoleon always believed in attack, speed, maneuver and surprise.7 Napoleon’s ‘La Grande Armée’ (French word for ‘Big Army’ or ‘The Great Army’) achieved an advantage over their enemies following Napoleon’s flanking strategy, first mover advantage and by living off the land. However, Napoleon also faced major failures in some of his wars and downfall in later stage of life. The achievements and failures of Napoleon provide several insights to...
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...In a world where history has been masked by political and social biases, it is sometimes easier to consent to ignorance. That being said, by remaining misinformed, many pre-conceived notions are formed by society and are commonly thought to be the truth. A personal notion previously held encompassed the idea that even with increasing European presence in Canada, aboriginal peoples remained steadfast in their traditional way of life while their culture was unfazed. In actuality, although aboriginals fought for their rights and preservation of their lifestyle, European influence undoubtedly changed what it meant to be an aboriginal person. The passion that aboriginal peoples had for their culture did not suffice when the Europeans presented them with new resources and the promise of trade and commerce. As the Europeans began their settlement in 1492, they alienated land that aboriginal peoples had been occupying and thriving off of for thousands of years. As the number of new immigrants soared, aboriginal culture was dictated through laws and policies set by Europeans. Their land was being used for purposes contradicting their beliefs and aboriginal peoples across the nation began to conform to European practices. The promises of wealth and new tools led to trading with the Europeans, which required the adaptation of aboriginal cultures and practices to satisfy the demands of settlers. Even with much protest, aboriginal religion was affected by the constant pressures to conform...
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...The Migration of Cultures Tracey Percifield, Penny Rogers, Cheryl Halford, Nate Conley and Amber Wirth American Intercontinental University Abstract In knowing how people of the past decades lived we must examine the past and study many things they left behind. By understanding how they lived and what impact they had as they migrated to the New World, it is then we understand how they lived and understand what the environment was like. Looking at the impact that immigrants had and brought to the New World we see what cultures and food dishes they brought to our civilization. The Migration of Cultures By 1830 the United States consisted of 2.3 million out of 12.8 million were of African descent and upon them settling after being brought here from Africa they brought many traditions and impacted the culture today. When they came to the United States they brought scientific and technological systems from the West and Central Africa as well as many food dishes such as; gumbo and rice, millet, sorghum, watermelon and black-eyed peas. They also brought tradition with them regarding funerals, celebration festivals, arts, music, dugout canoes, the banjo and language which also had an effect on the European culture as well and this is known as Africanism (Nps.gov, n.d.). Africanism is directly related to African American and Creolization which asks the question when you stop and give to the American or European culture. They point out that the African culture has...
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...Abstract This paper describes the goal of Bunge Limited Co. and what techniques did they use in their operations to achieve the goal. Looking to the history of the company starting in Europe and moving to Americas, how transformation from a small company leading the business locally to a global company in the market was done. The company strategy is a practical model of trade-offs which helped them to focus back on their core business, decentralization structure was inherited in Bunge from the days it was privately run that had shown benefits for Bunge in the markets where they exits while in the later stage of transformation challenges raised after the acquisition of ‘Cereol’ that gave Bunge more balance globally helping it becoming a global company working on the goal of becoming the best agribusiness and food company in world. Product development had a big role in Bunge giving total agribusiness solutions for the farmers as well as customers by having fertilizer division. The analysis demonstrates the importance of trade-offs, innovation, product development, line of fit and Information Technology systems in the operations strategy, while showing decentralization structure and effect of it on global companies. Introduction Bunge limited is a successful example for transformation of companies to globalization as Bunge CEO Weisser goal to become the best company in the world in agribusiness and food. Performance objectives indicating market requirements from quality, speed...
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...“Why Byzantine economy remained one of the most powerful in Europe through Early Middle Ages?” The Byzantine cconomy was one of the largest systems throughout Europe and the Mediterannean for many centuries. Both local and international trade were of huge importance for the Byzantine Empire. Lower class, including traders, depended on the upper class. Their need of the foreign goods in order to stay in Local trade was much less popular. Throughout the fourth and sixth centuries, long-distance trade was operating successfully, until the plague appeared, which killed around one-third of the citizens in the Byzantine Empire, and ruined the trade networks. The Byzantine economy had recovered in the tenth century, and Italian merchants contributed to its steady growth in the Mediteranian through the tenth and eleventh centuries (Katz 27-39). To begin, the decades of instability as well as foreign invasions mostly by Germanic tribes, led to an establishment of a new military, political, and administrative framework under Diocletian (284-305), and Constantine I, which also led to a new economic power in Byzantine and Constantinopole. From 395 to 476, the Empire was in a big crisis until the Germans left the territory. Emperor Justinian I provided the growth of the economy, but also the growth period ended with the “Justinian Plague” that broke out in Egypt in 542, and reduced the population in all provinces of the empire. The “Justinian Plague” continued until the 8th century. At...
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...“Why Byzantine economy remained one of the most powerful in Europe through Early Middle Ages?” The Byzantine cconomy was one of the largest systems throughout Europe and the Mediterannean for many centuries. Both local and international trade were of huge importance for the Byzantine Empire. Lower class, including traders, depended on the upper class. Their need of the foreign goods in order to stay in Local trade was much less popular. Throughout the fourth and sixth centuries, long-distance trade was operating successfully, until the plague appeared, which killed around one-third of the citizens in the Byzantine Empire, and ruined the trade networks. The Byzantine economy had recovered in the tenth century, and Italian merchants contributed to its steady growth in the Mediteranian through the tenth and eleventh centuries (Katz 27-39). To begin, the decades of instability as well as foreign invasions mostly by Germanic tribes, led to an establishment of a new military, political, and administrative framework under Diocletian (284-305), and Constantine I, which also led to a new economic power in Byzantine and Constantinopole. From 395 to 476, the Empire was in a big crisis until the Germans left the territory. Emperor Justinian I provided the growth of the economy, but also the growth period ended with the “Justinian Plague” that broke out in Egypt in 542, and reduced the population in all provinces of the empire. The “Justinian Plague” continued until the 8th century. At...
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