...Criminal Justice System Lessons Learned Post 9/11 The purpose of this paper is to discuss the importance of interagency collaboration in the criminal justice system, the changes that were made and lessons learned following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. In the wake of the events that followed the 9/11 attacks many problems were revealed within the criminal justice system, especially those affecting the law enforcement community. One of those problems was the lack of interaction between the police departments and other local/state law enforcement with the federal law enforcement agencies. Local law enforcement agencies are the primary responders to any incident of crime or terror, therefore developing a better interagency collaboration in order to share information is essential in order to prevent future attacks. Prior to the 9/11 attacks many of the agencies believed in keeping information within their own realm due to protocols and security clearances. These criminal justice agencies each had pieces to a puzzle, but because these agencies never worked together, those pieces would never be put together to reveal the bigger picture. The 9/11 events revealed the lack of interaction and set about a positive change that would impact the way the criminal justice system approached their problem solving. One of those changes was the reorganization of the federal law enforcement agencies, including the creation of the Department of Homeland Security and the Transportation...
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...Even when public opinion is tolerant of juvenile delinquency, the teen killer is the nightmare case for the juvenile justice system. In an age where the phrase juvenile super predator is often heard in the federal congress and state legislatures, the deep-end adolescent offender is a particular threat to public acceptance of the mission and objectives of juvenile justice. It is little wonder, then, that legislation concerning transfer is a near-universal feature of the politics of juvenile justice. The traditionally stated purpose of judicial wavier is to permit individualization of the decision whether a particular person is capable of being rehabilitated in the juvenile system-the amenability decision Fagan & Zimring (2000). In addition, the judicial wavier procedure provides a safety value for the juvenile system to exclude children who commit offenses that are believed to require the imposition of sanction that are beyond the capacity of the juvenile system to provide. Some form of judicial wavier or a substitute safety value is necessary in order to preserve the juvenile justice system politically within the context of modern penological expectations. It is difficult empirically to evaluate the contemporary role of judicial wavier in the overall context of procedures intended to sort out which cases should be filed and processed in the juvenile system and which in the criminal Fagan & Zimring (2000). While the general accounting office estimated that in most prosecutorial...
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...The Importance of Criminalistics and Forensics in Criminal Justice System Olympia Hernandez CJ-312 Criminalistics March 20, 2015 Instructor Jorge Valenzuela Criminalistics and forensic science has grown both in scope and importance to the criminal justice system. There is no question that it has become instrumental in complementing and supporting traditional investigations. However, has it become more important than the traditional methods of investigating such as questioning eyewitnesses, interrogating suspects, and determining information from street informants? According to Mary Bernstein, Forensic science has surfaced as a critical tool in assigning guilt or establishing innocence in the criminal justice system. In...
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...Changes in the Aboriginal Justice System through Colonialism Austin Jamieson 11153678 Native Studies 107 Ron Laliberte November 20, 2013 Aboriginal justice system has gone through many changes throughout history. This has mostly been because of Colonialism. Its presence is highly noticed in the formation of cultures and their ways, as well as in the elimination of others cultures and their ways. Colonialism has affected Aboriginal culture in several ways; however, a significant area that has been affected is the traditional Aboriginal justice system. Aboriginal communities had their own sense of justice and punishment prior to the arrival of the Europeans in Canada, Aboriginal communities lost their traditional means of sentences to the implementation of European corporal punishment. In the Western concept of justice, the system punishes the offender through a process of trying to make the offender conform, often locking them away to protect society from the dangers that offender brings to those around them. Aboriginal systems (which varying) try to focus on restoring the peace and harmony of the community. The concept is meant to use the justice system to bring equilibrium into the offender and community, as balance is necessary for kinship and relationships to flourish. Elders within Aboriginal communities began to bring many of these traditional correction techniques back into society to fix the growing numbers of criminal offenders throughout the country nearing...
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...Investigation into the Neglect Of Victims of Crime. A Case Study of Bungoma Killings By Rotich Oliver Kangogo Date: 09/05/2014 Contacts: 0729 770 432 Email: oliver.rotich@yahoo.com CRIME VICTIMS IN KENYA: AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE NEGLECT OF VICTIMS OF CRIME. A CASE STUDY OF BUNGOMA KILLINGS Victims of crime, especially murder are hugely and to a greater extent forgotten by the criminal justice system. By victims I stand to recognize the primary and the secondary victims of crime. Primary victims are those that are directly harmed by the criminal activity while the secondary victims are the family, friends and relatives of the deceased. The only ’justice’ provided to them is the incrimination and incarceration of the perpetrator and little or no reparation and neither sometimes. It is rather ignored that this victims suffer social, psychological and financial effects as a result of the crime which harms them even much more. There are no well-known or formal institutions that firmly stands for the needs of the victims. If they do exist, they are mainly part of the efforts by Non-Governmental Organizations. The Witness Protection established by the Constitution has not effectively turned up as there are constant cases of victimization both by the society and the institutions of criminal justice. The only effort by the government is the establishment of the popular commissions of inquiry which in most cases are forums of corruption and unexplained controversies...
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...has suggested that this is no longer the most desired outcome the victim wishes to achieve, with procedural justice being the most important aspect of the victims Criminal Justice process. Procedural Justice suggests that both parties (the victim and the offender) are to be treated fairly and consistently. Murphy and Barkworth (2014) have portrayed procedural justice by the following main ideas; Respect, Trustworthiness and Voice, with other researchers such as Miller and...
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...Abstract The aim of this dissertation, which is based on secondary research involving analysing a range of books, journal articles, Government publications, newspaper articles and videos, is to critically examine the position of the victim in the criminal justice system. The paper looks at the role of political interests in establishing victimfocus policies and the direction towards their placement at the heart of the justice system. This includes the managerialistic values, modernization of the Government and covering-up of punitive measures taken against the offender that all point to the political rhetoric around the centeredness of the victim. Furthermore, the view of traditional justice is accounted for in order to get a grasp of the many underlying factors that can be attributed to the so called rebirth and the consequent concentration on the victim. The paper firstly discusses characteristics of victims, the impact of crime on victims and also their needs for a better understanding of who they are and what can be done to help them. Particular attention is drawn to stereotypes associated with victims and constructions of the ideal victim. Secondly, the adversarial nature of English justice and implications for victims are discussed, as well as some tensions between the interests of the offender and the victim, and the opposed nature of the two. Procedural and service rights especially play an important role in defining whether victims are given appropriate...
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...Delinquency 1 The “Broken Home” or Broken Society A Sociological Study of Family Structure and Juvenile Delinquency By Hillary R. Sheehan Advised by Professor Chris Bickel SocS 461, 462 Senior Project Social Science Department College of Liberal Arts CALIFORNIA POLYTECHNIC STATE UNIVERSITY Winter, 2010 © 2010 Hillary Sheehan Delinquency 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page Research Proposal…………………………………………………………………………3 Annotated Bibliography…………………………………………………………………...5 Outline……………………………………………………………………………………10 Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………..14 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………15 The “Broken Home”: Truth or Trend……………………………………………15 Statistics on Single-Parent Families and Juvenile Delinquency…………………21 Case Study……………………………………………………………………….23 Theories…………………………………………………………………………..27 Criticisms………………………………………………………………………...32 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………….34 Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………..36 Delinquency 3 Research Proposal The goal of this research paper is to explore the topic of juvenile delinquency and to analyze the cause of such behavior. The topic of most interest is how the family structure plays a role in delinquent behavior and what can be said about the so called broken home. There is a lot of research in criminal justice that tries to explore the reasons behind people’s behavior and this paper is intending to address youth who have been involved in the system. By exploring this topic I hope to get a better...
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...Questions comprises: DQ 1: What are the advantages and disadvantages of group decision making? Provide examples from your agency. What are some of the organizational and individual purposes of the formal and informal groups you belong to at work? Does high cohesiveness in a group lead to higher group productivity? Explain. DQ 2: Imagine that you are the chief executive of a criminal justice agency and you see the need to change the culture from the traditional criminal justice culture that values the status quo to one that values innovation. What steps would you take to initiate and sustain cultural change? Law - General Law CJA 444 Week 1 Individual Assignment Criminal Justice Workplace Observation Paper CJA 444 Week 2 Individual Assignment Decision Making Case Study CJA 444 Week 2 Learning Team Assignment Team Diversity Paper CJA 444 Week 3 Individual Assignment Conflict Management Styles Paper CJA 444 Week 3 Learning Team Assignment Learning Team Behavior and Processes Paper CJA 444 Week 4 Individual Assignment Political Environment Case Study CJA 444 Week 4 Learning Team Assignment Motivation Paper CJA 444 Week 5 Individual Assignment Communication Process Paper CJA 444 Week 5 Learning Team Assignment Types of Teams Presentation Whether you take college courses online or on campus, you will do well to prepare yourself for the experience. The modern college student can be any age from 18 to...
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...CJA 394 WEEK 1 Criminal Justice Trends Evaluation Criminal Justice Trends Evaluation John Doe CJA 394 October 01, 2001 Jane Doedy Criminal Justice Trends Evaluation The criminal justice system is forever adjusting to protect and serve a changing society. The paper evaluates, identifies and assesses recent future and current trends affecting the criminal justice system. Lastly, it defines the values of the system in a changing society. Recent trends affecting the criminal justice system are related to gender and racial barriers. According to Roslyn Muraskin and Albert R. Roberts (2009 ), assessments of statuses of women and minorities in police work shows that there are obstacles in official and informal structures of police work organizations related to gender and race. Regardless of assessment studies, which show that women are effective patrol officers, organizational principles of law enforcement has repelled the combination of women into patrol officers for more than 20 years. There are three kinds of organizational resistance to slowing down staffing and preservation of female patrol officers. The first organizational resistance is called Technical Resistance. Technical Resistance comprises of failure to adjust police uniforms, gear, and tools sufficiently for women, and constant issues on physical testing, and firearms during their drills, and preperations. The second organizational resistance is named Political and Cultural Resistance. According to Roslyn Muraskin...
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... However, contrary to this it was found that females were had a higher conviction rate of property offences. It is argued that its the chivalry thesis is a cause for these differences. The basis of the of the chivalry thesis is that most criminal agencies such as police officers and other forms of the judicary are men, and men are socialised to act in a “chivalrous” way towards women. Pollak argues that men are protective towards women and that the criminal justice system is more lenient towards them.Because of this their crimes are less likely to end up in the official crime statistics, which would mean that the crime statistics give an unrepresentative image of offences. Flood-Page et al ’s research supports this theory, as they found that out of females who were self-reported criminals only one in eleven had been cautioned or prosecuted. Whereas for men in was over one in seven. Furthermore women were also more likely to be cautioned rather than prosecuted. According to the Ministry of Justice in 2007 49% of females recorded as offending were cautioned. However for males the figure was significantly less at 30%. However there is evidence that disputes the chivalry thesis. An example of this is Farrinton and Morris study. When studying 408 offences of theft in the magistrates court they found women weren't sentenced more leniently for similar offences. In addition to this Buckle and Farrington’s observations witnessed twice as many male shoplifters than females...
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...Drug Courts: Adult and Juvenile Rehabilitation Programs Eugene Berry Crj2200 Introduction to Criminal Courts Drug courts handle nonviolent substance abuse offenders, drug courts are used primarily to solve a problem rather than to send someone to jail or lock an offender away with less chance of rehabilitation. In the United States there are currently almost 2500 drug courts in the 50 states as well as the U.S. territories of Guam, and Puerto Ricco. Drug courts got their start in Florida, in 1989 judge Gerald Wetherington, Judge Herbert Klein, and state attorneys designed the court for non-violent offenders in Miami-Dade County, to battle a rising crack-cocaine problem in there city’s. Drug courts are a program the can involve different levels of intensive supervision by the courts themselves, this includes drug testing and substance abuse clinics or treatment programs. Drug court judges gain a lot of discretion and leeway in this system and can give the offenders instant or gradual sanctions if the offenders fail to meet the standards of the program given. To help keep the offenders compliant the courts can offer fewer drug tests, fewer court dates, and even the possibility of reduced or completely dismissed sentences if they programs are fully completed. Drug courts are proven to keep offenders from repeating their offences and the overall reduction in recidivism rates on these charges. There is research being done today that shows this treatment method could reduce drug...
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...crimes and the manner in which they are reported either as violent or property crimes under the UCR system, as well as, the sentence that accompany such crimes. The author concludes this paper with a basic understanding of these three fields and the importance of their role within our criminal justice system that together create a unified force to battle crime. Introduction To get a better understanding of how our criminal justice system operates, society needs to know the involvement and the many specialists that are needed to keep our communities safe as well as, get the criminals off the streets to prevent them from committing future crime. One should look at it like baking a cake and each ingredient is an important part of the recipe. 1st ingredient is the investigation, 2nd ingredient is solving the crime, 3rd ingredient is corrections for these offenses. Finally 4th ingredient is the icing on the cake, preventing criminal behavior and preventing crimes associated to this behavior from being committed. * Explain the differences between criminologists, criminalists, and forensic psychologists and their respective areas of study. Criminology is the study that is within...
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...Restorative Justice Criminal Activity has been a part of societies throughout the world for thousands of years and for thousands of years these criminals have been met with a variety of different punishments. All of these punishments have 4 fundamental justifications in mind when punishing a criminal they include retribution,rehabilitation,deterrence and incapacitation. A 5th concept has made its way into these justifications for punishment and that is the concept of Restoration or Restorative Justice. This concept started to gain popularity through the 70s and 80s and has since progressed into becoming part of the criminological vernacular and is now studied and theorized by many academics worldwide. Throughout this essay the meaning of “Restorative Justice” will be broken down and explained as well as talking about its effectiveness with tackling different forms of crime and whether or not it has a place in the future of Criminology. In particular the application of Restorative Justice to intimate partner/family violence will be explored. Restorative justice is quite complex as it does not hold one meaning or definition but instead incorporates a range of different concepts that assist in achieving justice (K Daly, H Hayes 2001). Very basically it is a form of justice that tends to move away from traditional forms of punishment such as jail and monetary fines and instead focuses a lot more on the relationship between victims and offenders. It works on rebuilding and repairing...
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...Police have always responded to crime, that is the belief and that has always been their job. What happens, though, when provided with an idea that expresses that crime can be more preventative just by looking at and involving the community to participate? Policing traditionally has always been a response unit, providing its’ service after the fact (after a crime has happened). The broken windows theory counters that traditional style by looking outside of the traditional criminal justice system to see how crime is generated and solutions to fix and prevent it (Trojanowics, 1994). The broken windows theory has views closely related to community policing: The quality of life, as the ultimate goal of policing (Carter & Sapp 1994; Joseph 1994; Kelling and Coles 1996; Skogan 1990; Trojanowics 1994). This type of policing has broadened the goal to assist communities to maintain a safe environment where basic institutions (families, schools, churches, commerce) can effectively operate and thrive within the community (Kelling and Coles 1996). Apprehending criminals is no longer the only focus among law enforcement. Police and their agencies must now adapt to look at what needs to be done to maintain the quality of life in communities as well as alleviate citizen fear of crime. To prevent community decline and crime police agencies must us the strategic measure of disorder control. Legitimacy refers to the judgments that the citizens make about police authority to make decisions...
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