...NS1110 Professor David Durniok Assignment 2 Transfer Time 1. Fill in the Transfer Time column in Table 1. State all times in appropriate units (seconds, minutes, or hours). Show all your calculations and number conversions. File Size | Transfer Rate | Transfer Time | 100 MB | 56 Kbps | 5 hrs | 100 MB | 4 Mbps | 3.3 minutes | 2 GB | 56 Kbps | 83.22 hours | 2 GB | 4 Mbps | 1 hr, 8 mins, 16 seconds | * Take the 56kbps = 56,000 BITS per second, divide by 10 and you get 5,600 bytes. 100,000,000 / 5,600 = 17,857 seconds = 297.6 minutes = 4.96 hrs (almost 5 hrs) if there is no interruption in the transmittal. * 4Mbps (megabits) equals to approximately 500KB/s (kilobytes). 100MB (Mega Bytes) equals approximately 100000 KB So assuming you can have a perfect transfer rate of 500KB/sec (assuming there is no TCP/IP overhead) you divide 100000KB by your 500KB/Sec transfer rate: 100000 /5000 = 200 seconds 200 seconds divided by 60 = 3.3 minutes. * 2GB * 1024MB/GB = 2048MB 2048MB * 1024KB/MB = 2097152 KB 2097152KB * 8Kb/KB = 16777216 Kb 16777216Kb / 56Kb/s = 299593s 299593s / 3600s/h = 83.22h so, at the theoretical rate of 56Kb/s, it would take 83.22 hours do download a 2GB file. At a more realistic average download rate of 4Kb/s, it would take 322.88 hours or just under two weeks to download. * 4 Mbps = 0.5 MB/s The transfer rate is 0.5 MB/s 2048 / 0.5 = 4096 seconds Time taken = 1 hour 8 minutes 16 seconds ...
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...Unit 2 Assignment 1: Transfer Time File Size | Transfer Rate | Transfer Time | 100 MB | 56 Kbps | 15 seconds | 100 MB | 4 Mbps | .2 seconds | 2 GB | 56 Kbps | 4 minutes 46 seconds | 2 GB | 4 Mbps | 4 seconds | (100 MB x 1,000 x 8) / (56 Kbps x 1000) = 15 seconds (100 MB x 1,000 x 8) / (4 Mbps x 1,000 x 1,000) = .2 seconds (2 GB x 1,000 x 1,000 x 8) / (56 Kbps x 1,000) = 286 seconds = 4 minutes 46 seconds (2 GB x 1,000 x 1,000 x 8) / (4 Mbps x 1000 x 1,000) = 4 seconds Transfer Rate | Transfer Time | File Size | 56 Kbps | 30 minutes | 12.6 MB | 4 Mbps | 10 minutes | 300 MB | 56 Kbps | 4 hours | 100.8 MB | 4 Mbps | 2 hours | 3.6 GB | (30 min. x 60 sec.) x (56 Kbps x 1000) = 100,800,000 b (100,800,000 b / 8) / 1000 = 12,600 KB = 12.6 MB (10 min. x 60 sec.) x (4 Mbps x 1000 x 1,000) = 2,400,000,000 b (2,400,000,000 b / 8) / 1000 = 300,000 KB = 300 MB (4 hrs. x 60 min. x 60 sec.) x (56 Kbps x 1000) = 806,400,000 b (806,400,000 b / 8) / 1000 = 100,800 KB = 100.8 MB (2 hrs. x 60 min. x 60 sec.) x (4 Mbps x 1000 x 1,000) = 28,800,000,000 b (28,800,000,000 b / 8) / 1000 = 3,600,000 KB = 3,600 MB = 3.6 GB A file can only transfer as fast as the transfer rate will allow. How long it takes to transfer a single file depends on how big the file is and how fast the transfer rate is. Everything depends on the...
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...Most people who use computers are clueless to the internal ways that computers work. Here we will be talking a little about why a computer user might need to be familiar with things such as the binary system, Boolean operations, and the time it takes to transfer data. The average computer user is probably not aware that the actual operations of a computer are done with a binary system. Most of the time a typical computer user has no need to think about this aspect of computers, but every now and then the underlying binary nature will manifest itself. It’s more likely they will encounter a more compact variant of the binary system, called hexadecimal (or “hex” for short). Hex can come up on a Windows error message and the hex addresses may help pinpoint the source of trouble. Hex can also be used by spammers to hide their internet addresses. Another place where hex numbers commonly occur is in hypertext markup language (HTML) code where they are used to designate colors. Boolean Operators are simple words (AND, OR, NOT) used to combine or exclude keywords in a search, resulting in more focused and productive results. Using these operators can greatly reduce or expand the amount of records returned. They are useful in saving time by focusing searches for more ‘on-target’ results that are more appropriate to your needs. The AND operator narrows the search by requiring both terms to be in each item returned. If one term is contained in the document and the other is not, the item...
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...Calculating transfer time File Size | Transfer Rate | Transfer Time | 100MB | 56 Kbps | 14286 bps | 100 MB | 4 Mbps | 2 bps | 2 GB | 56 Mbps | 35714 bps | 2 GB | 4 Mbps | 500 bps | Calculating file size Transfer Rate | Transfer Time | File Size | Minutes | Seconds | 56 Kbps | 30 Minutes | 100800000 | | 1800 | 4 Mbps | 10 Minute | 144000000000 | | 600 | 56 Kbps | 4 Hours | 193536000000 | 240 | 14400 | 4 Mbps | 2 Hours | 3456000000000 | 120 | 7200 | Dell OptiPlex 3020 mini tower | Toshiba 15.6" Satellite Radius 2-in-1 Processor: Intel core i7-5500uHard Drive: 1TBMemory: 8GBPrices: $999.99 | Processor: 4th generation intel core, i3Memory: 4GBHard Drive: 500gbPrices: $529.00 | | Cyber power PC gamer ultra GUA500 desktop Memory: 16GB Hard Drive: 2TB 7200 rpm Processor: 4.0 GHZ AMD FIX-8350 VISHERA 8-CORE Prices: 839.95 | HP – ENVY 17.3” Processor: 5th gen intel core i7 – 5500u Memory: 16 GB Hard Drive: 1TB Prices: $1049.99 | 1. With technology now a day, there are so many choices to pick from. Most lawyer will used laptop over a desktop computer, because they want to have that ability to carry their documents around. Like in coat, visit to the client etc. A lawyer will only need five things. Processor or ram, battery life, DVD/cd, wireless capabilities, cost and weigh. The most important one is Processor of i3 or i5. RAM of 2GB will be good,...
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...Transfer Time 1 Transfer Time and File Size Transfer Time 2 Abstract Calculating Transfer Rate, Transfer Time and File size can be pretty difficult unless one has a basic knowledge of binary numbers and the different types of storage capacities that are out there. In order to figure out how fast a download will take there is some math that needs to be figured out and in this paper I will mention the way to conquer this task. Transfer Time 3 Transfer Time and File Size The very first step to understanding transfer time and file size is to first know that 1 byte is equal to 8 bits as well as what each component is exactly. A bit is defined as:” a single basic unit of information, used in connection with computers and electronic communication”. (Quote, n.d.) A byte is “pronounced ‘bite’, is the next size up basic unit of measurement for information storage, usually consisting of 8 bits”. (Quote, n.d.) The next set of terms that are used is: Kilo (kilobytes) equal to 1,000 bits stated in decimal form or 1,024 bytes stated in binary form. Then we have Mega (megabytes) equal to 1,000,000 decimal bits or 1,048,576 binary bits. Next is one of the bigger bytes and that is Giga (gigabytes) which is equal to 1,000,000,000 decimal bits or 1,073,741,824 binary bits. After figuring out the numbers to these complex bits of information, the next step is to understand the speed of transferring data. This is simply downloading information...
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...currency bitcoin to increase the speed, and slash the price, of international money transfers, raising the prospect of a revolution in the $600bn annual global remittance market. Soaring rates of mobile phone use in developing countries are helping the entrepreneurs compete with more usual forms of money transfer in countries where remittance rates and fees are highest. Many of the world’s poorest people depend on money sent to them from friends and family abroad. According to World Bank figures for 2011, nearly half of Tajikistan’s GDP is derived from remittances, while in Liberia, Lesotho, Nepal and Haiti they account for more than a fifth of GDP. Entrepreneurs claim they are using bitcoin to give some of the world’s poorest people a better deal on the money they receive from abroad. The World Bank calculates the average fee on remittances at 8%, yet charges can be three times as high. A report from the Overseas Development Institute (published in April 2014 , said the benefits of remittance transfers “are lost in intermediation as a result of high charges. Africa’s diaspora pays 12% to send $200 – almost double the global average.” Bitcoin could also cut the time it takes to send remittances. BitPesa, a Kenyan mobile money transfer firm that launched in May, says its remittance transactions are “twice as fast and 75% cheaper” than competitors, because it uses bitcoin to transfer funds. Elizabeth Rossiello, BitPesa’s founder and CEO, said: “We’re looking to bring...
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...Title page International trade, technology transfer and firm competitiveness: A comparative study of Zimbabwe exporting and non-exporting firms. By Michael Kamoyo Chinhoyi University of Technology Lecturer: Department of Marketing mkamoyo@cut.ac.zw ; rumbi12@yahoo.co.uk Tel: 263 67 29442 Abstract better positioned to adopt and assimilate international trade related technology because they possess better technological capabilities in the form of The paper examines the preparedness of exporting and non-exporting SMEs in harnessing the technological opportunities availed by international trade. Using cross sectional data for 131 SMEs, a logistic regression analysis was done to ascertain the extent to which factors like, technical skills, networking, firm’s innovation system, especially research and development activities and international involvement influence the adaptation and assimilation of technology for productive efficiency. The result shows that labour used in exporting firms is 3.164 times more productivity than that in non-exporting firms, high import composition, good networking abilities. However, it was noted that there is no significant difference between exporting and non-exporting firms on Information Communication Technology (ICT) diffusion and R&D activities. It is recommended that for technology transfer to be relevant and useful to non-exporting firms there is need to strengthen their technological absorptive capacity by scaling up their networking...
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...Sector Deepening (FSD) Trust of Kenya and Pep Intermedius for providing us with data. Financial support for this research was graciously provided by the NBER Africa Success Project. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. © 2011 by Isaac Mbiti and David N. Weil. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. Mobile Banking: The Impact of M-Pesa in Kenya Isaac Mbiti and David N. Weil NBER Working Paper No. 17129 June 2011 JEL No. E40,O16,O33 ABSTRACT M-Pesa is a mobile phone based money transfer system in Kenya which grew at a blistering pace following its inception in 2007. We examine how M-Pesa is used as well as its economic impacts. Analyzing data from two waves of individual data on financial access in Kenya, we find that increased use of M-Pesa lowers the propensity of people to use informal savings mechanisms such as ROSCAS, but raises the probability of their being banked. Using aggregate data, we calculate...
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...to believe they have agreed on the best deal possible * Negotiating and determining transfer prices will enhance the autonomy/ independence of both divisions b Negative * The result of a negotiated transfer price between divisions may not be optimal for the firm as a whole and therefore will not be goal congruent The negotiating process may cause harsh feelings and conflicts between divisions c 2. Not suitable for a decentralized structure when the autonomous divisions are measured on profitability, as the selling unit is unable to realize a profit Can lead to decisions that are not goal congruent if the buying unit decides to buy outside at a price less than the full cost of the selling unit d 3. A change in policy may be interpreted by the divisional managers as an attempt to decrease their freedom to make decisions and reduce their autonomy e If managers lose control of transfer prices and, thus, some control over profitability, they will be unwilling to accept the change to uniform prices Selling divisions will be motivated to sell outside if the transfer price is lower than market, as this behavior is likely to increase profitability and bonuses f Standard full manufacturing costs plus markup * The selling division will be motivated to control costs * The buying division may be pleased with this transfer price if the market price is higher g Market selling price of the products being transferred ...
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...of what it consists? 16. In what difference of a signal from physical size? 17. In what an essence of a principle of the opened management? 18. In what an essence of a principle of indemnification? 19. In what an essence of a principle of feedback? 20. List merits and demerits of principles of management? 21. What special case of management is called as regulation? 22. In what difference of systems of direct and indirect regulation? 23. List and give the short characteristic of principal views CS? 24. What is called as static mode CS? 25. What is called as static characteristics CS? 26. What is called as the equation of statics CS? 27. What difference from strengthening factor is called in transfer factor, in what? 28. In what difference of nonlinear links from the linear? 29. How to construct the static characteristic of several links? 30. In what difference of astatic links from the static? 31. In what difference of astatic regulation from the static? 32. How to make static CS astatic? 33. What is called as a static error of a regulator how it to reduce? 34. What is called statizm of CS? 35....
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...This page intentionally left blank SEVENTH EDITION Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer THEODORE L. BERGMAN Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Connecticut ADRIENNE S. LAVINE Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department University of California, Los Angeles FRANK P. INCROPERA College of Engineering University of Notre Dame DAVID P. DEWITT School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue University JOHN WILEY & SONS VICE PRESIDENT & PUBLISHER EXECUTIVE EDITOR EDITORIAL ASSISTANT MARKETING MANAGER PRODUCTION MANAGER PRODUCTION EDITOR DESIGNER EXECUTIVE MEDIA EDITOR PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT SERVICES Don Fowley Linda Ratts Renata Marchione Christopher Ruel Dorothy Sinclair Sandra Dumas Wendy Lai Thomas Kulesa MPS Ltd. This book was typeset in 10.5/12 Times Roman by MPS Limited, a Macmillan Company and printed and bound by R. R. Donnelley (Jefferson City). The cover was printed by R. R. Donnelley (Jefferson City). Founded in 1807, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. has been a valued source of knowledge and understanding for more than 200 years, helping people around the world meet their needs and fulfill their aspirations. Our company is built on a foundation of principles that include responsibility to the communities we serve and where we live and work. In 2008, we launched a Corporate Citizenship Initiative, a global effort to address the environmental, social, economic, and ethical challenges we face in our business. Among the issues we are addressing...
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... Table of Contents: Nomenclature. Pg. 3 Introduction and Background Pg. 4 Experimental Methodology Equipment and Apparatus Pg. 6 Experimental Procedures Pg. 7 Results Pg. 8 Analysis and Discussion……………………………………………………………………..Pg. 11 Summary and Conclusions Pg. 12 References Pg. 13 Appendices Pg. 14 Nomenclature Symbol | Term | Units | A | Heat transfer surface area for the tubes | Inches2 (in2) | Cp | Heat Capacity | J/(mol*K) | F | Correction Factor | __ | | Heat | W | c | Cold Side Heat Duty | W | H | Hot Side Heat Duty | W | Shell Side | Hot Side | __ | T | Temperature | Celsius | ∆T | Change in Temperature | Celsius | Tube Side | Cold Side | __ | ∆Tlm | Log mean temperature difference | Kelvin (K) | U | Heat Transfer Coefficient | W/(K*in2) | V | Volume | L | ṁH | Hot water flow rate | L/min | ṁC | Cold water flow rate | L/min | 1.0 Introduction and Background A heat exchanger is a device designed to efficiently transfer thermal energy from one fluid to another fluid, which can be a liquid or a gas [1]. These fluids do not mix or come into direct contact with each other. Even though all heat exchangers do the same job of passing heat from fluid to fluid, there are various types that work in many different ways. The two most common types of heat exchangers are the shell-and-tube and plate/fin. In shell-and-tube heat exchangers, one...
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...Table of Contents Abstract 2 Introduction 2 The Fire Problem 2 Methodology 5 Results and discussion 6 Processes of flame spread 7 Diffusion flame spread 8 Thermal Model 8 Transition to Turbulence 10 References 13 Abstract The fires problem is one of the hazard pose a threat to life and property. Flames behave differently under various conditions which include: the oxygen available, combustible material, orientation of surfaces, etc. this a complex phenomena which is influenced by multiple factors that includes ignition, heat release rate, flame spread and the generation of different products of combustion like carbon IV oxide and carbon II oxide. The research was performed by studying various sources in the library and in the internet and also performing experiments to simulate a real life situation. Introduction The Fire Problem The flammability of a material is a complex event which is influenced by multiple factors that includes ignition, heat release rate, flame spread and the generation of different products of combustion like carbon IV oxide and carbon II oxide. In order to better protect the people and property from risk posed by the unwanted fires, it become necessary to understands all these factors under different conditions. Babrauskas and Vytenis 1992 suggested that heat release rate is the main variable in fire hazard; but Kashiwagi and Ito argued effectively that, the flame spread over the surface...
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...industrial steam, chemical plants, and many types of manufacturing facilities. Several different configurations are used to accomplish the function of transferring heat from one fluid to another without mixing the two fluids together. The two most common industrial heat exchangers, the shell and tube heat exchanger and the double pipe heat exchanger, along with information about spiral heat exchangers, flat plate heat exchangers, flat plate heat exchangers, fin-tube heat exchangers, and condensers. Calculations for heat exchanger design use heat transfer parameters such as convection heat transfer coefficients, overall heat transfer coefficients, and log mean temperature differences. These calculations are needed for shell and tube and double pipe heat exchangers, as well as other types. The flow pattern through a heat exchanger affects the required heat exchanger surface. A counter flow heat exchanger needs the lowest heat transfer surface area. It gives a higher value for log mean temperature difference than either a parallel flow heat exchanger or a cross flow heat exchanger. A heat exchanger can have several different flow patterns. Counter flow, parallel flow, and crosss flow are common heat exchanger types. A counter flow heat exchanger is the most efficient flow pattern of the three. It leads to the lowest required heat exchanger surface area because the log mean temperature drop is the highest for a counter flow heat exchanger. A counter flow heat exchanger...
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...) The introduction of a line of standardized and non-customizable S001 & S00 3 elevators. 2.) The local supply of materials and companies. It had been 8 months since Napoli took up office and there hasn't been a single sale. Things had gone wrong. The strategic implementation of the business plan was not as easy as anticipated and the lack of infrastructure and support from the European plants is causing the implementation the much harder. HOW SHOULD HE DEAL WITH THE CHALLENGES HE IS FACING OVER TRANSFER PRICES AND LIMITED TECHNICAL COOPERATION FROM THE EUROPEAN PLANTS? The transfer pricing and the lack of technical cooperation from the European plants are crippling the organization. Both of these problems need Napoli's immediate attention. The businesses plan main objective was to develop a unique competitive advantage by outsourcing manufacturing to local companies. This would allow Schindler India to avoid the excessively high import duties and transfer pricing while keeping overhead costs extremely low. It is my opinion that...
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