...2015 The Damages Bullying Has on School Aged Children Bullying is a widely known and seen epidemic that negatively impacts its victims, and even the person doing the bullying. Bullying is the act that causes harassment, embarrassment, humiliation, intimidation, and physical or emotional trauma, and is present no matter the age, race, gender, religion, or culture. Although society has seen the ever growing epidemic of bullying in school aged children, the argument of the damaging and everlasting psychological effects that bullying has on the victims are not always talked about or analyzed to show how the victimization impacts the child for much longer than just their childhood. This paper will analyze the long term damaging effects that bullying had on its school aged victims, while looking at the implications for therapists treating the victims, the therapeutic aspects related to bullying, and how the use of therapy can lessen the long term effects that bullying will have on the bullies and their victims. Although, there may not be a complete solution to bullying itself, there is a solution that will limit some of the damaging done to a person from victimization of bullying, by implementing anti-bullying programs in the school systems, and using therapists for all children involved to help the children process their thoughts, feeling, and emotions that stem from bullying. There are many different forms of bullying that school aged children are faced with. There...
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...Impact of Childhood Sexual Abuse Shobila Kaligounder Marymount University Introduction As per UNICEF’s (2014) definition, sexual violence against children comprises any sexual activities imposed by an adult on a child against which the child is entitled to protection by criminal law. This includes: (a) The inducement or coercion of a child to engage in any unlawful or psychologically harmful sexual activity; (b) The use of children in commercial sexual exploitation; (c) The use of children in audio or visual images of child sexual abuse; and (d) Child prostitution, sexual slavery, sexual exploitation in travel and tourism, trafficking for purposes of sexual exploitation (within and between countries), sale of children for sexual purposes and forced marriage. Sexual activities are also considered as abuse when committed against a child by another child if the offender is significantly older than the victim or uses power, threat or other means of pressure. Consensual sexual activities between children are not considered as sexual abuse if the children are older than the age limit defined by the State Party. In spite of a clear definition for child sexual abuse violence in the lives of children is so real and as an international community we do very little to protect them. There is also a dearth of data to prove the prevalence of violence due to the hidden nature of the abuse and gives a false notion that it is a rare occurrence. Children are vulnerable to sexual victimization...
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...investigate women’s possibilities of ongoing criminal behavior (2009). Although some implications did arise, this study is important to the field by offering explanations of female offending which can offer proper interventions to help reduce recidivism. Throughout this paper I will be summarizing and critiquing the above article. The mentioned study uses a path analytic statistical procedure with a sample of 313 newly convicted women probationers selected by the Missouri Department of Corrections according to a stratified sample, to investigate three gendered pathways to women offenders’ incarceration: 1) a pathway beginning with childhood victimization that contributed to historical and current form of mental illness and substance abuse; 2) a relational pathway in which women’s dysfunctional intimate relationships facilitated adult victimization, reductions in self-efficacy, and current mental illness and substance abuse; and 3) a social and human capital pathway in which women’s challenges in the areas of education, family...
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...As a victim of childhood abuse I can tell you that life was difficult. From having to see my perpetrator, my father, in court, every 3-5 years, to seeing other abused children suffer as they came into adulthood with finding jobs, I realized that I had it lucky. I was one of the lucky ones. Seeing perpetrators in court and being limited to what jobs I could have (Lincoln County CAC), all based on the things my perpetrator did to me when I was a child, wasn’t fair. I didn’t do anything wrong, yet here I was being punished once again for something that I had no control over. For me, it was only seeing my father in the courtroom but for many of my friends and the cases that were going on during the same time period as mine, the girls and boys...
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...Exhibit Sexual Behavior Problems: Victimization Characteristics Samantha Chromy, PhD The recognition of sexual behavior problems (SBP) in children has implications for child protection. Research needs to focus on identifying factors that indicate and contribute to the development of SBP. SBP is a common aftereffect of sexual abuse, but not all sexually abused children develop SBP. The child’s experience of abuse is thought to impact the development of SBP. This study used a retrospective chart review of the clinical records of 125 children who received services at a counseling center specializing in sexual abuse concerns. The children who exhibited SBP and those who did not were compared on variables related to their experience of sexual abuse. Analysis showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups on the frequency and the age of onset of abuse. The children who exhibited SBP were abused with more frequency and at a younger age than those who did not. [Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention 7:25–33 (2007)] KEY WORDS: sexual, abuse, children, behavior, behavior problems, victim. There is increased awareness that childhood sexual abuse is perpetrated not only by adult offenders but also by children (Araji, 1997). Many adult and adolescent offenders began perpetrating or displayed sexual behavior problems (SBP) at young ages (Araji, 1997; Burton, 2000). Data from child protection agencies have indicated that 40% of all childhood sexual abuse is performed by youth...
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...Presenting Problem I will begin with a problem related to sexual abuse and the ensuing family problems and legal issues following it. I am currently working in my field placement at Lifespan Family Services, (LFS), with a 16-year-old boy who was discharged from a residential treatment facility to a foster home from this agency. The boy we will call Brian, was referred by the Jefferson County Probation Department with the goal of transitioning him back to the home of his maternal grandparents who currently take care of one of his older brothers. Brian and his two older brothers share the same biological father who perpetrated sexually on all three boys. During the first several years of Brian's life he lived in the home where the incidents took place. After it was discovered that the father was abusing the boys, Children and Youth Services, (CYS), of Jefferson County removed all three boys from the home pending charges against the biological father. The father of the three boys was eventually convicted of a multitude of charges related to his perpetrating on the boys and was given a lengthy prison sentence. Brian's mother was involved with a multitude of paramours’ in short term relationships one of which resulted in the birth of a girl. Brian's mother eventually remarried and maintained custody of the three boys and their younger sister. The stepfather had very little interest in fathering the three boys and would have almost no positive interaction with them. The union between...
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...article is a literature review about the various treatment strategies for working with the family of a runaway teenager. The article looks specifically into various external factors such as the schools and legal systems and how they may interact with and influence family therapy. This literature review includes a few clinical examples about the role of the family therapists and how they navigate various external factors and address internal family dynamics. Melander, L. A., & Tyler, K. A. (2010). The effect of early maltreatment, victimization,...
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...Annotated bibliography PSYC101 Stephanie Adams Jong hwan, Kim 30/07/2013 PERSONALITY TRAIT : Aggression Article 1, “Apparent motives for aggression in the social context of the bar” There are four types of motivation that aggression could be appeared. Compliance, grievance, identity, and excitement motivation could be indicated when aggression is used in response to unfair or perceived offensive behavior. After excluding incidents, where motives could not be coded or only staffs were aggressive, 1507 people had an experiment. For both men and women, compliance was negatively related with all other motives when grievance was positively connected with identity and negatively associated with excitement. Identity was positively associated with excitement for women but negatively associated for men. There were gender differences in motives. Men scored higher on identity and excitement, when women scored higher than did men on compliance and grievance. Women were more likely to have compliance as a primary motivation. There was also association of motives with escalation. Of these engaging in two or more aggressive acts, the later acts were more aggressive than first acts at the same level of aggression. Moreover, there was association of motives with severity of aggression. The coefficients from multilevel bivariate linear regression of severity on each motive with separate models for men and women and for the first or only act and for the second act. ...
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...Adult Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse | Generalist 241 | Mandie Boster | 4/21/2014 4/21/2014 There have been an increasing number of reported child abuse and child neglect cases rising in the United States. We see them in the headlines and hear of them on the news but very rarely do we hear of stories of adult survivors of child abuse and the treatment or theories that have helped them overcome the trauma. This paper will look at child sexual abuse victims and the adult survivors that have had positive outcomes after treatment or therapy. According to Karakurt and Silver (2014), “childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is any sexual abuse with a child through the use of force, threat or deceit to secure the child’s participation, or any sexual contact with a child who is incapable of consenting by virtue of age, disability, or power differential”. The Social Work Dictionary states (1995), “victims often cannot or are unwilling to understand or resist the advances of the abuser”. Child sexual abuse happens to children of every race, age, and socioeconomic background; perpetrators do not discriminate. According to an article in Healthcare Risk Management (2012), “about 95% of the reported abuse is perpetrated by someone the child knows and trust”. When children are abused by people they love and trust many times they are afraid, ashamed or do not understand how to report the abuse or to whom they should report it to. The cases that are reported are sometimes not reported...
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...mental state of the disorder. Living with bipolar effects every aspect of one’s life. My theory for bipolar disorder in adults is that it begins with childhood trauma. As an educator on trauma as well as personally experiencing trauma I recognize it is necessary to gain an understanding of this issue and identify the skills and tools necessary to successfully nurture children and adults who have been victimized by abuse and neglect. I cannot stress how important it is to seek therapy for the trauma children have experienced before and after entering foster care. Repeated stress of abuse, teenage years of simply becoming oneself and being happy within, as well as neglect leads to mental health issue which lead to substance abuse issues and its effects on the brain and development. There are studies like the Adverse study that proves childhood experiences, both positive and negative, have a tremendous impact on future violence victimization and perpetration, and lifelong health and opportunity. Everyone has unique challenges and their own history. Early experiences of abuse, neglect and untreated bipolar disorder are an important public health issue making it necessary that we gain an understanding of this issue and identify the skills necessary to successfully parent the child who has been victimized by abuse. Recognizing abuse and trauma effects on the development of the brain I believe can help in the treatment and overcoming the disorder. ...
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...Sexual trauma Connie Clark Walden University Sexual trauma It has been estimated that 1 out of 5 women and 1 out of 7 men “have been or are being sexually abused as children (Bass, Davis, 1994). With a national population of 200 million, of which 52% are females, this means that approximately 27 million females and 20 million males are victims of sexual abuse. It is, therefore, true that the number of female sexual abuse victims is larger than the number of male victims, but not substantially more. However, the cultural blindness that exists concerning the prevalence of male sexual abuse and the profound negative effects this abuse has on male victims’ ability to form healthy relationships displays the extent to which this society wishes to defend social notions of male prerogatives in the face of strong evidence that many males are unable and unwilling to fulfill those cultural demands due in part to their victimization as children. In spite of the prevalence of this issue, though, while many mental health providers have services for female and male children, upon entering adulthood many of those services for male survivors disappear. As social workers, this should be an area of great concern for us. We devote a great deal of professional energy to sexual abuse issues faced by women and children, but often fail to adequately provide resources for those children when they reach adulthood. Additionally, we do not provide sufficient assistance to adult males who are sexually...
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...Psychological and Psychophysiological Stress Disorders Respond to the following: 1. Stress can be the root cause of psychological disorders. Name four symptoms shared by acute and posttraumatic stress disorders. 4 symptoms that are shared by acute and posttraumatic stress disorders are fear, avoidance, reduced responsiveness, and increased arousal, anxiety and guilt. 2. What life events are most likely to trigger a stress disorder? Combat trauma occurs when soldiers are exposed to combat. Civilian trauma can include natural or accidental disasters. Victimization which can happen when someone is sexually of physically assaulted. Acts of terror and torture may also lead to stress disorders. 3. Traumatic events do not always result in a diagnosable psychological disorder. What factors determine how a person may be affected by one such event? Every individual reacts to trauma differently. Their personal resiliency, biological processes, childhood experiences, social support systems and cultural background can a play a part in whether or not they develop a diagnosable psychological disorder. 4. What is the link between personality styles and heart disease? Type a personalities have certain characteristics that can lead to heart disease. Type A's tend to lean towards hostility and time urgency which increases the heart rate. Those with repressive coping styles also have a sharp rise in heart rate and blood pressure when in stressful situations. Both of these can...
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...Complexly traumatized youth frequently suffer from body dysregulation, meaning they over-respond or underrespond to sensory stimuli. For example, they may be hypersensitive to sounds, smells, touch or light, or they may suffer from anesthesia and analgesia, in which they are unaware of pain, touch, or internal physical sensations. As a result they may injure themselves without feeling pain, suffer from physical problems without being aware of them, or, the converse – they may complain of chronic pain in various body areas for which no physical cause can be found. Effects of Complex Trauma. (2014). Retrieved September 7, 2014. Think of what it is like for young children to be in traumatic situations. They can feel totally helpless and passive. They can cry for help or desperately wish for someone to intervene. They can feel deeply threatened by separation from parents or caretakers. Young children rely on a "protective shield" provided by adults and older siblings to judge the seriousness of danger and to ensure their safety and welfare. They often don't recognize a traumatic danger until it happens, for example, in a near drowning, attack by a dog, or accidental scalding. They can be the target of physical and sexual abuse by the very people they rely on for their own protection and safety. Young children can witness violence within the family or be left helpless after a parent or caretaker is injured, as might occur in a serious automobile accident. They have the most difficulty...
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...Child abuse Child abuse is the physical, sexual or emotional mistreatment or neglect of a child or children. Child maltreatment as any act or series of acts of commission or omission by a parent or other caregiver that results in harm, potential for harm, or threat of harm to a child. Child abuse can occur in a child's home, or in the organizations, schools or communities the child interacts with. There are four major categories of child abuse: neglect, physical abuse, psychological/emotional abuse, and child sexual abuse. Different jurisdictions have developed their own definitions of what constitutes child abuse for the purposes of removing a child from his/her family and/or prosecuting a criminal charge. According to the Journal of Child Abuse and Neglect, child abuse is "any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation, an act or failure to act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm". Types Child abuse can take several forms: The four main types are physical, sexual, psychological, and neglect. There are many effects of child neglect, such as children not being able to interact with other children around them. The continuous refusal of a child's basic needs is considered chronic neglect. Physical abuse Physical abuse involves physical aggression directed at a child by an adult. Most nations with child-abuse laws consider the deliberate infliction of...
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...According to Dave Pelzer, author of A Child Called “it,” “Childhood should be carefree, playing in the sun; not living a nightmare in the darkness of the soul” (Pelzer, 1995, pg.98). Meaning, children should be able to enjoy their carefree lives and not worry about pain. Child Sexual Abuse is a very harrowing experience for many victims. As the child continues to develop though, the sexual abuse can have an enormous impact on their lives, to the extent sometimes that the child no longer realizes it. This is called normalization, according to the Southeast Center Against Sexual Assault and Violence, Normalization of the survivors’ reactions to the abuse experience and the effects this has had on their psychological functioning, both historically...
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