...Yes, the numbered treaties with the aboriginal peoples should be considered 'broken promises'. The numbered treaties to the Indigenous peoples were a sign of hope that they were somewhat being treated as equals and as a link between the people of Canada- the link between people whose homeland is Canada and those who come from other countries. Many of the treaties were signed agreements that described exchanges in which Aboriginal peoples agreed to share some of their land with the Canadian government in exchange for different payments (food, clothing, shelter etc.) and promises. The Numbered treaties were post-confederation and were put into place for gaining land in the west. John A. Macdonald had no intentions whatsoever, in making sure the native peoples of the west got what they...
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...Treaties Name: Institution Introduction The term first nations people is used to define the indigenous people of Canada with the exclusion of Inuit and Métis tribes. They were the famous land keepers (Treaty Essential Learning’s, 2008). Aboriginal people also denote these groups, even though they encompass a broader perspective. The population of the Aboriginal comprises several communities, among them the Métis, the Inuit and the First Nations. The First Nations are the most populous, numbering about 958 000, followed by Métis and Inuit’s who number at 266 000 and 52 000 respectively (Cairns, 2011). Since the times of European colonization, the relationship between the Aborigines and the colonists has been a shaky one. The only way to promote the peaceful co-existence of the established nations and bands the European settlers within the boundary of Canada was to enter into conventional agreements. Hence, Beginning 1701, the British Crown engaged in a series of treaties to promote a peaceful coexistence between the First Nations and non-first nation’s people.the decision to get into such treaties was reached after the numerous Aborigines nations initially waged a series of attacks on the few settlers in the region (Miller, 2000). The argument behind the treaties was that the government would use the Aborigines land in exchange for food materials and other exclusives. The signing of...
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...Halibut Treaty Halibut Halibut is a type of fish and Halibut fishing was a very large business for people living around the west coast of Canada, Halibut fishing was even popular in Alaska. After the north pacific Railway was made halibut fishes were able to get shipped farther, this allowed business to increase in fishing. Around 1915 there were many ships bringing in an average of 69 million pounds annually. What is the Halibut Treaty? The Halibut Treaty was treaty made with Canada and America, the treaty concerned fishing rights in the North Pacific Ocean. The Halibut treaty was signed by the Canadian government without British partaking in any signing like they always had. British wanted to sign the treaty too and both Canada and British argued against and for signing the treaty together. Significance This was the first treaty to be negotiated independently without Britain interfering. Before the halibut treaty Canada would always sign treaties alongside with Britain. Signing the Halibut Treaty allowed Canada take a step towards their independence. United Nations The United Nations is an organization which was created / established in 1945. The United Nations is a replacement for the League of Nations. United Nations was created after World War Two, it was made to prevent any world conflicts from happening again. United Nations thrives to help other countries in need and plays a big role in peace-keeping. Canada is one of the founding members...
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...Act and Canadian Treaties In modern society the question of why the aboriginal population receives benefits often arises. Much of today’s youth does not understand that the Native American people were often stripped of their rights in the past in order to gain these advantages. Two main incidents were established in the Aboriginal history, the first was the treaties that spread across Canada and the second incident was the Indian Act of 1876. The main difference between the Indian Act and treaties were the aboriginal’s role in the decision-making. Treaties allowed for a compromise between the Natives and the government that allowed for benefits on both ends whereas the Indian act was imposed on the Native culture by the Canadian government without any arrangement with the aboriginals. This paper will first describe the history of treaties and what they entail for both parties and also look at the formation of the Indian Act. Then, this paper will look at how each had affected the Aboriginal people in similar and different ways. Finally this paper will look at the relation in today’s society that the treaties have in Canada and what life would be like if the Indian Act was still a large part of how First Nations people would have been treated if the Act was not changed following World War II. After these points, a reader should have a better understanding of a topic that they may know little about. By looking at both the Indian Act and Canadian treaties, it is easy to distinguish...
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...The Royal Proclamation of 1763 was a major turning point in the legal history of Indigenous people in Canada. Arising at the end of the French and Indian war, the Royal Proclamation was a document collaborated between the British Crown and Indigenous leaders that set guidelines for the European settlement of aboriginal territories. The proclamation created clear boundary lines the colonial public were not to cross, as well as acknowledged the right of Indian Nations to possess lands. It also made treaty making the official policy for acquiring land. Fast forward a little more that one hundred years and the Indian act would be passed in 1868, allowing the establishment of reserves for tribal bands. In the years to come, eleven more treaties...
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...In the early 1970’s, activists representing the newly established American Indian Movement occupied public landmarks throughout the United States with the hopes of protecting indigenous sovereignty by addressing the multitude of treaty responsibilities which the United States government had failed to uphold (Szekely 2/13/17). This ongoing fight is a result of the complexity of indigenous “nested sovereignty” within a colonized state. Today, the effects of this conflict manifest in the Iroquois territory, which spans from upstate New York to the surrounding Lake Ontario region in Canada. The dynamic between colonial states and the Haudenosaunee is embodied in two standpoints; while the settler state administration focuses on addressing the “problem”...
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...construct a treaty that would relocate the First Nations peoples to a dedicated land claim elsewhere. As a result, Treaty Nine (also referred to as “The James Bay Treaty”) was established on July of 1905, between the Government of Canada, in the name of King Edward II, and various First Nations groups in Northern Ontario (Treaty Texts, n.d.). The Ojibwa and Cree were two key groups involved in the signing of this treaty, representing their people in agreement with the government's terms. They had the basic idea that the treaty was one of sharing and friendship and their goal was to establish a relationship with the government of the day, where they could share the land and take part in the decisions affecting it (The Mushkewgowuk and Anishinaabe Peoples, 2009). They were poor and needed assistance, blindly welcoming the opportunity to start a discussion and enter into a treaty with Canada, which was thought to be an agreement that would bind each party together in good faith (George MacMartin's Big Canoe Trip, 2014). Hunting, fishing and trapping rights were of great significance and needed to be secured in an agreement with the government but the Indians also needed monetary help, schools for their children and to know that they would not be interfered with in their traditional lifestyles on the land and waters. Nevertheless, oral understandings of the treaty show that what was discussed and agreed to by the Indian peoples was not reflected in the written treaty; there is a...
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...between the countries and others. Mexico is maybe the country with more dependence to this treaty because of the imports and exports that every day are involved between Mexico, USA and Canada. This dependence is more to the commerce with the USA and that could be considered as a problem to Mexico. DEVELOPMENT As said before, Mexico’s economy is based on the commerce that involves imports and exports with the United States. To Mexico, this represents 80% of commercial activity even knowing that they have 10 more treaties with other nations. Obviously this is not good for them because depending on how well is the economy of United States behaving is how well are going to be the incomes to Mexico because of the sells to them. This treaty have been improving and helping the growing of the 3 nations involved. As a matter of fact just a few years ago Mexico was considered to the United States their principal commercial partner just before China started to grow as fast as they did. That’s an important thing to consider and Mexico need to realize that their opportunity to do business with USA is everyday much more difficult because of competitors. In order to that it’s highly important that Mexico start to exploit their other treaties and diversify their international commerce looking and taking opportunities in many others parts of the world. Also it is important to tell that this treaty have been so good to the 3 nations that many industries are fully engaged and need all of the...
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...Treaty 3 On October 3rd 1873, the Saulteaux tribe of the Ojibwa people and the Government of Canada signed Treaty 3, also known as the North-West Angle Treaty. This agreement provided the federal government access to Saulteaux lands in present-day northwestern Ontario and eastern Manitoba in exchange for various goods and Indigenous rights to hunting, fishing and natural resources on reserve lands. The terms and text of Treaty 3 set precedents for the nine Numbered Treaties that followed. Preferred claims in regard to promises which had heretofore been made to them, for "right of way" through their country. And the undersigned Chiefs, on their own behalf and on behalf of all other Indians inhabiting the tract within ceded, do hereby solemnly promise and engage to strictly observe this treaty, and also to conduct and behave themselves as good and loyal...
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...Can Canada be punished for Violating Global Warming Pacts? Canada in fact can and will be punished for Violating Global warming effects, if not by legal terms internationally, there will be consequences for their actions. Background Canada has violated the Global warming Pact called the “Kyoto Protocol”. “The view that human activities are likely responsible for most of the observed increase in global mean temperature ("global warming") since the mid-20th century is an accurate reflection of current scientific thinking. Human-induced warming of the climate is expected to continue throughout the 21st century and beyond.” The Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international treaty that places necessary responsibility on industrialized countries to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. The UNFCCC is an environmental treaty with the goal of preventing "dangerous" anthropogenic (i.e., human-induced) interference of the climate system. According to the UNFCC website, the Protocol "recognises that developed countries are principally responsible for the current high levels of GHG emissions in the atmosphere as a result of more than 150 years of industrial activity, and places a heavier burden on developed nations under the principle of 'common but differentiated responsibilities'." There are 192 parties to the convention, including 191 states (all the UN members, except Andorra, Canada, South Sudan and the United States) and...
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...Chapter One Canadian Constitution * THE MOST IMPORTANT DOCUMENT IN CANADA!!!!!!!!!!! * Has the roles of ALL levels of the government and describes how they work together * Governor General * Executive * Legislative * Judicial * Also has things like ooooh, the Charter of Rights and Freedoms British Monarch * The governor general is the Queen’s representative here in Canada * They are the formal head of state * So no real power… * Considered part of the executive and legislative branch The Executive Branch * Prime Minister and the Cabinet are part of the executive * To become PM, you have to lead a political party and win the most seats in the HofC * The cabinet is chosen by the PM and they come from his political party * Makes most laws and goes through the process to enact them * Basically runs the government through the days * Cabinet ministers are given portfolios that they are responsible for * They research issues and help to propose laws from their portfolio * Ex. Agriculture, justice, foreign affairs are types of portfolios * Each cabinet runs their own affairs which is the day to day activity of the government. * Each cabinet minister has their own staff to help them Political Parties * Whoever has the most seats leads the government * Candidates run for election, party with most votes form government * Are considered organizations...
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...Government Ministries and Agencies Short Assignment Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada February 24th, 2015 I Responsibilities Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada is one of the federal government departments responsible for meeting the Government of Canada's obligations and commitments to First Nations, Inuit and Métis. Through these responsibilities, AANDC helps to maintain and strengthen the relationship between the Government of Canada and Aboriginal people. Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada role is to support Aboriginal people (First Nations, Inuit and Métis) and Northerners in their efforts to: * improve social well-being and economic prosperity; * develop healthier, more sustainable communities; and * participate more fully in Canada's political, social and economic development – for the benefit of all Canadians. Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada funds five social programs. It aims to assist First Nation individuals and communities to become more self-sufficient; protect individuals and families at risk of violence; provide prevention supports that allow individuals and families to better care for their children; and support greater participation in the labour market. Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada (AANDC) supports First Nation communities in the implementation of strong, effective and sustainable governments. Research has shown that effective governance is the single...
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...the time Canada was part of the colony of Great Britain and was caught in the war. The origins of the war were in the Napoleonic wars that were waged in Europe for about twenty years. The events that led to The War of 1812 began with Napoleon ordering a blockade of shipping. The British responded to this by issuing a law that all neutral ships had to obtain a licence before they could sail to Europe. This made tension in America rise when the British stopped American ships from trading in Europe. It was because of the ban on sea trade with Europe and the fact that President James Madison believed that Canada could be easily taken if a war broke out that America declared war with Great...
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...throughout their history, and prosperity is the part of the cycle that truly roars. In 1920’s, Canada, the great prosperity roared, and it was great for all. Everything in Canada roared by 1924 and life was extremely satisfying for the average Canadian, as quality of life was at an all- time high. The future for Women began to appear to be very bright as they made many big steps for the purpose of women’s rights. There was a great deal of women who began to get involved with government. Therefore, the Canadian government recognized the change beginning, and the growing number of women who were starting to make a stand for their rights, and consequently creating...
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...leader through his leadership as Prime Minster and also through serving Canada during wartime. Pearson was the Prime Minster of Canada beginning in April 2nd. 1963, and resigned in 1968. Throughout his role of Prime Minster, Pearson was first hand involved with establishing a sense of Canadian nationalism and internationalism that made Canada stronger and helped distinguish Canada separately from other countries. With Pearson as prime minster Canada at this time was seen as a strong bicultural country. A country that was moving toward as one great nation and other countries were taking notice. Lester Pearson was the son of Annie and Methodist minister, Edwin Pearson. The Pearson’s resided in Aurora Ontario....
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