...Write a properly referenced essay on the treatment and management of a patient with corns. General principles of treatment and prevention of corns are (1) to provide pain relief (2) to discover and correct the cause of increased mechanical stress (3) to recommend appropriate footwear and orthotic devices and (4) to recommend surgery if conservative approaches fail (Buttaro et al, 1999). Treatment of hard corns begins by corn enucleation with a scalpel to reduce the pain. Treatment of soft corns requires removal of the soft, dead tissue with a scalpel. Following this, either an antiseptic agent, salicylic acid plaster or protective pad is applied. Holed or u-shaped padding can be used to reduce the duration of tissue loading and redistribute mechanical stress. To absorb shear, orthoses and similar devices such as polymer gel pads and silicones can be used. In the case of soft corns where sweat collects between the toes, and the toes rub against each other to cause the corns, there is often need for a toe separator allowing sweat to evaporate and to stop the toes rubbing together. Enucleation will leave a dimple or hole in the tissue of the foot. In time, with healing, the body will naturally fill this up with healthy tissue. However, whilst the healing process is occurring, the cavity is usually filled with a gel (polymer, silicon or acrilyic) to discourage further corn formation (Tortora & Derrickson, 2011). The application of a caustic preparation known as silver nitrate can...
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...on the treatment and Management of a patient with corns. Ref:http://www.myfootstop.com. Ref:http://bcfootandankle.com/images/callus.jpg. Ref: Google scholar. Ref: own. Ref: same. Corns start forming due to wearing shoes that are too small For us, high heel shoe and shoes with hard soles are not very good for our feet. Women are renowned for squeezing their Feet into shoes that are too tight and too high, you can also get corns through standing for long periods of time, Increased friction and pressure on the feet is not good for us. as the skin starts to get thicker on the soles of our feet or hands it hardens up to form a callus or corn, the small toe is susceptible to getting a corn ! Maybe!! Because the toe gets squashed while our feet are in the shoes. Some people opt for surgery to remove these; as some corns can get very big and are very painful to walk on. A corn is a small area of skin that has become thicker over time due to the constant pressure on the feet. You have two kinds of corns, Hard corns commonly occur on the dorsum of the interphalangeal joints of the toes on the planter surface of the foot beneath the matartarsal heads. And you have Soft corns, these type of corns normally form between the toes, this area is soft and moist because of the sweat from our bodies, we have to be careful with the soft corns as these can become infected, corns that are...
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...skills and knowledge to treat even the most complicated ankle issues. Ankle problems range from sprains to complex issues Our Cypress orthopedic surgeon sees patients with a variety of ankle problems. These issues can cause pain, mobility issues and even ankle deformities if left untreated. She uses her diagnostic and treatment skills to help patients deal with the pain and other symptoms these issues cause. • Sprains and factures • Achilles tendon issues • Problems with ligaments and tendons • Osteoarthritis • Rheumatoid and juvenile arthritis Diagnosis requires specialized knowledge and diagnostic...
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...Indications:• Relief of acute constipationContraindications:Drug is not contraindicated in the patient but here are some:• Acute surgical abdomen• nausea• intestinal obstruction• fecal impaction• use of rectal suppository in presence of anal or rectal fissures• ulcerated hemorrhoids• proctitis | Adverse Effects:The patient doesn’t experience any adverse effect of the drug but here are some:• mild cramping• nausea• diarrhea• fluid and electrolyte disturbances | Nursing Responsibilities:ICU staff nurse is the one who administered drug but here are some nursing responsibilities:• Check vital signs before giving the drug for baseline date• Check the site to determine possible contraindications• Explain the procedure to the client for orientation• Observe the client after administering the drug to note any possible side effects• Assess client’s feeling to determine if the client is to generate a bowel movement• Check for the stool and document data for reference | Generic Name:FurosemideBrandName:LasixDosage:20mgRoute:IVFrequency:PRN | Classification:Loop DiureticsMechanism of Action:Inhibits the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the proximal and distal tubules as well as the ascending in the loop of Henle | Indications:• Edema• HypertensionContraindications:Drug is not contraindicated in the patient but here are some:• Hypersensitivity to the drug• Anuria | Adverse Effects:The patient doesn’t experience any adverse effect of the drug but here are some:• jaundice• hearing impairment•...
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...Joints are a location at which bones connect. Allowing movements and providing mechanical support. Joints are classified structurally and mechanically. A disease of the joint in which inflammation occur is arthritis. Inflammation of one or more joints is called Arthritis. There are several different forms of arthritis. This paper will discuss Gouty arthritis. The word Gout comes from Latin gutta and old French gote meaning “a drop”(Pillinger, Rosenthal & Abeles,2007). Several hundred years ago gout was thought to be carried by drops of viscous liquid that seeped from blood into the joints. Gout was once described as the disease of kings, because it was the wealthy who could afford the rich food, which seem to precipitate gouty attacks. Gout has developed a much greater incidence and prevalence. The incidents of gout are on the rise predominantly in the elderly. In those older than sixty-five years, the prevalence has just been increased by sixty percent between nineteen ninety and nineteen ninety-nine. In those seventy-four years and older, the prevalence doubled due to the comorbid conditions, obesity, hypertension, alcohol use, and metabolic syndrome (Doheny, 2009; So, 2008). Men are a higher risk in developing gout than women. Estrogen seems to have a uricosuric effect in women, which helps reduce their premenopausal risk. After menopause women risk increase for gout due to a decrease in estrogen and the loss of protective effect (Weaver, 2008). Most cases of gout are...
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...INTRODUCTION Biotechnology is one of the innovative branches of science. Biotechnology has created new revolutions in this era by contributing industries, medical sciences, food technologies and genetics. "Biotechnology is basically defined as the use of living organisms, their parts and their biochemical processes for the creation of beneficial products." Bio-technology has its roots in the distant past and has a large, highly profitable, modern industrial outlets of great value to society for e.g. the fermentation, bio-pharmaceutical and food industries. The main reasons must be associated with the rapid advances in molecular biology, in particular, recombinant DNA technology, which is now giving bio-scientists a remarkable understanding and control over biological processes. Some Technologies used in Biotechnology: 1. Bioprocessing technology * The use of bacteria, yeast, mammalian cells and/or enzymes to manufacture products * Large scale fermentation and cell cultures, carried out in huge bioreactors, manufacture useful products * Products: Insulin, vaccines, vitamins, antibiotics, amino acids, etc. 2. Monoclonal antibodies (MCAb) * Definition: Producing antibodies for medicine by cloning a single cell * MCAb are used for Home Pregnancy tests * Used to detect cancer (they bind to tumor cells) * Used to detect diseases in plants and animals and environmental pollutants 3. CELL...
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...Wisnowski’s NU205 Section 04 Human Nutrition – 2013 Summer Quarter Course. Diabetes Type 1 Diabetes Type 1 is a disorder characterized as Insulin deficiency which means there is not enough insulin being made by the pancreas. Diabetes Type 1 is the most common endocrine disorder. Sixteen million Americans have Diabetes Type 1, yet many are not aware of it. African – Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans have a higher rate of developing diabetes during their lifetime. Diabetes Type 1 has potential long term complications that can affect the kidneys, eyes, heart, blood vessels, and nerves. This paper will describe briefly the role nutrition plays on Diabetes Type 1, the etiology, the progression, the treatment, nursing interventions and patient education related to patients with Diabetes Type 1. The epidemic of diabetes must be battled with great urgency both because of its medical implications and economic strain that it exerts on the world. Science has yet to provide a way to prevent type 1 diabetes. However, there are no high – quality data on the efficacy of dietary intervention for the prevention of the disease. You should eat a healthy diet. This diet is the same that is recommended for everyone. The idea that you need special food if you have diabetes is a myth. Diabetic foods still raise your blood glucose levels, contain just as much fat and calories and are usually more expensive than non – diabetic foods. Basically, you should aim to eat a diet low in fat, salt...
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...Biotechnology Insulin crystals Biotechnology is the use of living systems and organisms to develop or make useful products, or "any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use" (UN Convention on Biological Diversity).[1] Depending on the tools and applications, it often overlaps with the (related) fields of bioengineering and biomedical engineering. For thousands of years, humankind has used biotechnology in agriculture, food production and medicine.[2] The term itself is largely believed to have been coined in 1919 by Hungarian engineer Karl Ereky. In the late 20th and early 21st century, biotechnology has expanded to include new and diverse sciences such as genomics, recombinant gene technologies, applied immunology, and development of pharmaceutical therapies and diagnostic tests.[3] Definitions of biotechnology The concept of 'biotech' or 'biotechnology' encompasses a wide range of procedures (and history) for modifying living organisms according to human purposes — going back to domestication of animals, cultivation of plants, and "improvements" to these through breeding programs that employ artificial selection and hybridization. Modern usage also includes genetic engineering as well as cell and tissue culture technologies. Biotechnology is defined by the American Chemical Society as the application of biological organisms, systems, or processes by various...
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...combined with inadequate insulin secretion, due to dysfunction of the insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cells (Pfeiffer & Klein, 2014). Type II diabetes has reached pandemic levels, despite efforts to slow its progression. In a society where healthcare is ever-changing, primary care physicians, along with advanced practitioners are now treating this disease more readily, as compared to specialist and endocrinologist in the past. As with many disease processes, there are several options when choosing a treatment plan for type II diabetes. Combining knowledge and evidence-based research, the practitioner will be able to establish an individualized treatment plan for treating type II diabetes mellitus. Pathophysiology Type II diabetes is a very complex, non-communicable disease that effects more than 370 million people throughout the world. The symptoms of this disease can vary from patient to patient. Without intense and concentrated efforts to address the pathogenesis and treatment of this syndrome, the destructive macrovascular and microvascular outcomes of type II diabetes will remain a major problem for years to come (Kahn, Cooper, & Del Prato, 2014). In T2D plasma insulin levels may be low, normal, or high and although the specific etiology is unknown, autoimmune destruction of beta cells does not occur (Woo and Wynn, 2012). This is a distinguishing factor between type I and type II diabetes. The main physiological variation in T2D is insulin resistance. This resistance...
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...Management of overweight and obesity in adults The proportion of Australians who are overweight or obese has increased markedly over the past 20 years. An estimated 2.5 million Australian adults (about 1 in 5 men and 1 in 6 women) are obese and a further 4.9 million are overweight but not obese, based on 2004–2005 data. A greater proportion of premature death and illness in Australia is now caused by excess body fat than by tobacco smoking or high blood pressure.1 Unhealthy weight gain occurs when energy intake from food is greater than energy expended through physical activity. Environmental, cultural, genetic and lifestyle factors all contribute to overweight and obesity. Physical inactivity and overeating are the major modifiable contributors to the problem of obesity. GPs, practice nurses, exercise physiologists, dietitians and other health professionals can help people correct the imbalance between energy intake and expenditure by giving reliable, individually tailored advice about physical activity, sedentary behaviours and long-term patterns of healthy eating. O besity is itself a disease state, and is also a risk factor for many chronic disease conditions. Obesity:2,3 ♥ reduces life expectancy ♥ ♥ increases the risk of coronary heart disease, stroke and gout strongly predicts increased risk of type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, gall bladder disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease...
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...WEEK 2 DQS Dq 1 How might a lifestyle choice affect the demand for health care services? The health status of every individual is relative to environmental and heredity factors. In general, the average individual doesn’t have control over their genetic makeup; however, there behavioral lifestyle is and it influences their overall quality of life. Environmental factors are things that an individual can always alter to improve their health. For example, changes in their diet, physical maintenance, and stress. The decisions from the initial case deal with treatment; further along there is areas of discipline, education, responsibility, and adopted healthy lifestyles. With this in mind, the wrong decision will equally influence health care supply and demand significantly. For example, the increasing rate of diabetes in the country is a result of either decision. Type 1 diabetes is a hereditary form of the virus caused from the digestive system not processing insulin. However, type 2 diabetes is caused by environment influences which cause the pancreas to insufficiently produce insulin. Type 2 diabetes is usually caused by obesity. In fact, I researched this information before for a previous class and its been proven that 95% of all diabetes infected individuals have type 2 diabetes. The overall number of individuals with diabetes make up 30% of the U.S. population. The number of individuals with the disease began to spike in the mid 1990’s and the demographic equally expands...
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...Value/Belief Pattern, Health Perception/Management Pattern, Nutrition/Metabolic Pattern, Elimination (Environmental Health Concerns), Activity/Exercise Pattern. African Americans make up the single largest racial minorities in the states. Most African Americans are of west and Central African descent and are descendants of enslaved Africans within the boundaries of the present United States. However, some immigrants from African, Caribbean, Central American or South American nations, or their descendants, may be identified or self-identify with the term. Values and belief pattern African American has strong kinship bonds, strong work orientation, strong religious orientation, adaptable family roles, use informal support network – church or community, distrust of government & social services – feel “big brother doesn’t care about us’’, most are assimilated to the Anglo-American culture, take care of their own, don’t like to admit they need help – strong sense of pride, lack of knowledge about available services and how the system works, natural remedies used frequently – laying on of hands and prayer are used to heal, Poverty impacts education, self-esteem, quality of life and lifestyle across the lifespan, seniors are highly respected – aging represents respect, authority and wisdom, tend to keep things hidden within the family system – fear being disgraced or family being disgraced. African American has core values like sharing, expressing personal style, being real...
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...and Significance Gout is an inflammatory arthritis that currently affects five out of every 1000 people in the United States. It also is four times more prevalent in men than women and affects Caucasians slightly more than African Americans (Schub, 2012). “Gout has increased prevalence worldwide and it is the most common inflammatory arthritis in men” (Khanna, et al., 2012). The aging population with gout is becoming more of a concern due to the number of patients being seen for the disease. Gout generally affects men who are 30 to 50 years old and women over 60. The amount of people affected by gout and its inflammation has almost doubled within the past few decades. Gout is such an important topic and area of concern because, “according to estimates, between 100,000 and 300,000 gout patients in the United States do not achieve adequate control of hyperuricemia or gout-related symptoms” (Zychowicz, Pope, & Graser, 2010). Due to the indescribable pain associated with gout, quality of life is a major issue for patients diagnosed with it. Few diseases match the pain caused by gout. In the 17th century, gout left physician Thomas Sydenham unable to ‘endure the weight of the clothes nor the shaking of the room from a person’s walking briskly therein’. Reverend Sydney Smith described his attacks in the 19th century as like ‘walking on eyeballs’ (Greener, 2011). Evidence of uric acid deposition in joints has been found in mummified Egyptian remains from more than 4000 years...
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...Introduction Globally, as well as in developed, industrialized countries, the following groups of people are at highest risk of malnutrition. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the number of people globally who were malnourished stood at 923 million in 2007, an increase of over 80 million since the 1990-92 base period. In 2006, more than 36 million people died of hunger or diseases due to deficiencies in micronutrients; accounted for 58% of the total mortality in the same year. Under nutrition contributes to almost 35% of the estimated 7.6 million deaths under-5 deaths; consequently affecting the future health and socioeconomic development and productive potential of the society. The malnourished are unable to live a normal life, are less likely to fulfill their potential as human beings and cannot contribute fully to the development of their own countries. Nutrition is the provision of adequate energy and nutrients (in terms of amount and mix and timelines) to the cells for them to perform their physiological function of (growth, reproduction, defence, repair e.t.c). The World Health Organization defines malnutrition as "the cellular imbalance between supply of nutrients & energy and the body's demand for them to ensure growth, maintenance, and specific functions”. Malnutrition comprises both; Under nutrition and Over nutrition The World Health Organization (WHO) says that malnutrition is by far the largest contributor to child mortality...
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...teaching plan be sure to define the characteristics of the clinical site and patient population. The teaching plan should be customized to this population. This is a sample teaching plan that you can use and customize to your needs. You may want to design a pre-test and post-test to give your patients would are attending the teaching program. Based on statistics from the Centers for Disease Control website, 17.0 million people in the United States, approximately 6.2% of the population, have diabetes. Of this 17 million people, 11.1 million are diagnosed and 5.9 million are undiagnosed. In the different age groups, about 151,000 people less than 20 years of age have diabetes, approximately 0.19% of people in this age group. In the 20 and older age group 16.9 million and 8.6% of people have diabetes. The 65 and older age group has 7.0 million and 20.1% of all people with diabetes (www.cdc.gov/diabetes). The Identified Learning Need Patients with Diabetes have very comprehensive learning needs. The learning needs are focused on managing their glucose levels and preventing complications of diabetes. Learning needs for managing diabetes are complex and include: monitoring blood glucose levels, menu/food planning, exercise, medications, skin care, management of co-existing disease processes, knowledge of medications, knowledge of the disease process and how to manage hypo/hyperglycemic episodes. Many patients are diagnosed with diabetes every year and many are unaware that it requires...
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