...When dealing with two vastly separate cultures from different worlds, it becomes apparent how things can get misconstrued. Te Triti O Waitangi is the starting point of a complex piece of Aotearoa history. This essay gives a short commentary on the context around the signing of Te Tiriti. It includes the articles and inconsistencies between the documents. Further discussion identifies breaches of Te Tiriti in regards to health and the consequences for Maori. Finally the potential role that Te Tiriti plays in the health recovery for Maori concludes this dialogue. Prior to European in Aotearoa, Māori lived successfully. Comprehensive histories, legends and ancestral links were recited daily in this oral culture (Selby & Laurie, 2005). Explorer Cook established mutually valuable contact with the natives and this was time of great economic development for Māori (Orange, 1990). Trading and bartering increased as Whalers, Sealers and others called to renew supplies. Kororareka became a well-known stop for sailors, gaining the nickname, “hell hole of the pacific” as lawlessness and brothels thrived (Walker, 1990). Māori had concerns that Pakeha were becoming progressively unruly and compelled Pakeha leaders to control their people. James Busby was consigned by the Crown to establish order and govern the settlers. With concerns of Frenchman Charles de Thierry’s desire to claim Aotearoa (State Services Commission, 2005, p. 17), Busby persuaded 34 chiefs to sign a Declaration of...
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...Running Head: MAORI Page 1 The Mighty Maori Ericka Silva ANT101 Intro to Cultural Anthropology Katie Custer Mar. 4, 2013 Running Head: MAORI Page 2 The Mighty Maori The Maori were people that were said to have come from Tahiti and arrived in New Zealand in the 14th Century time frame. They came in what was called “the seven canoes of the great fleet”. (Latham, C; 1996) They are considered to be Polynesians and originally had found their home in the top parts of New Zealand. They are what we call “foragers” in the Anthropology world. Foragers are those cultures that hunt and gather from the land in which they live on. (Nowak, B/Laird, P; 2010) In the following pages I will describe how this culture lived and survived. I will describe how their ways of life were and events that came about. In 1350 they were a tribe that migrated from the Polynesian islands and had made their way to New Zealand. These foragers came in a mass group and were mostly hunters and fishermen. When they migrated they had brought their own plants and animals that they had domesticated themselves. Unfortunately most of it did not make it through the travel because the climates were too different and the animals and plants were not used to the new land. For many centuries these people survived and flourished in their new land. The Maori have a unique way of believing that there are supernatural ways that help them. They believed in the spiritual aspect of things from...
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...WHAIORA: MĀORI HEALTH DEVELOPMENT by MASON DURIE OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, 1998 (2ND EDITION) Keriata Stuart Ministry of Health In reviewing this book, it is fitting to recall the recent passing of Mason Durie's father. While Durie dedicates Whaiora to his mokopuna, and to future generations, the book also serves to recognise and respect the efforts of all those who have worked quietly for Māori development. One small measure of the influence of this book on Aotearoa New Zealand can be found inside the title page, which reveals that it was reprinted four times over the four years between the first edition of 1994 and this revised edition. Whaiora was launched at the Hui Whakapumau of 1994, in a climate where the Māori present were both deeply aware of the opportunities being offered by the 1993 changes to the health system, and concerned about the impacts that years of economic shocks were having on the health of iwi, hapu and whānau. Whaiora could not have been published at a better time. The many interwoven themes can best be summed up in Durie's own introduction: "Māori health development is essentially about Māori defining their own priorities for health and then weaving a course to realise their collective aspirations" (p.1). The book reminded us that in Te Ao Tawhito (the world before European arrival) an integrated view of health was central to the functioning of Māori society. Whaiora told stories, some known to many and some new or freshly told, of the...
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... responsibility and absolute sovereignty. This term (Tino ranagatiratanga) was used in 1835 during the declaration of independence which recognized New Zealand to be a independent nation. Where power and authority rested with the rangatira. When the Treaty of Waitangi was signed in 1840, the term Tino rangatiratanga was also used with the promise that it would be guaranteed to Maori that Rangatira and Iwi retaining full chieftainship of their land,their villages, and all their tanoga including the Maori way of life. Feelings: In this paragraph, I would describe my feelings. After reading the context of the story of treaty, I felt that how British government invade New Zealand and made promises for equal rights, independence, customs, and life style to Maori but ignored that promises later and buy almost all of their land by enforcing their own laws. Evaluation: In this context, I evaluate that how the people of different cultures (Maori and Pakeha) were agreed for signing the “ The Treaty of Waitangi” in 1860 and made promises for providing equal rights to each individual of the country and also their participation and collaboration to make a New Zealand as a independent nation. Analyse: while reading the story of treaty, I could...
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...| World view | | | | | Word count 603 | Te Ao Māori For Māori, the sun rising in the east, moving slowly across the sky and setting in the west, signifies the birth and growth of mana or power, throughout the world. For many, it is a symbol of birth, life and death, resurrected daily, as a reminder of our existence. Māori believe that everything is interrelated, be it people, fish, animals, birds, trees, even the mountains and the weather. These relationships were told in various kōrero tawhito, or stories of the past and are referred to as whakapapa, meaning to lay one thing upon another (Barlow, 1994). Everything has a whakapapa, a genealogical descent of all living things, from the atua, the gods to the present time (Barlow, 1994). These relationships helped Māori to act accordingly and to understand the world they lived in. For Māori, their world view changed when they first arrived in Aotearoa New Zealand, and had to adapt to life in a new world. Their diet changed dramatically as their normal diet relied heavily on plants and vegetables. Here in Aotearoa New Zealand there was an abundance of meat and fish. The crops they normally grew, were not used to the climate. They had to learn what plants they could eat and grow. The Māori world view changed even more with the arrival of whalers, their first contact with European people. The introduction of disease had a dramatic effect on Māori causing many deaths. Europeans partnering with Māori women, leading...
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...Treaty of Waitangi Translation of Maori Text (by I H Kawharu in, 'Waitangi: Maori and Pakeha Perspectives of the Treaty of Waitangi' (1989) --a reconstruction of a literal translation) Victoria, the Queen of England, in her concern to protect the chiefs and subtribes of New Zealand and in her desire to preserve their chieftainship and their lands to them and to maintain peace and good order considers it just to appoint an administrator one who will negotiate with the people of New Zealand to the end that their chiefs will agree to the Queen's Government being established over all parts of this land and (adjoining) islands and also because there are many of her subjects already living on this land and others yet to come. So the Queen desires to establish a government so that no evil will come to Maori and European living in a state of lawlessness. So the Queen has appointed me, William Hobson a captain in the Royal Navy to be Governor for all parts of New Zealand (both those) shortly to be received by the Queen and (those) to be received hereafter and presents to the chiefs of the Confederation chiefs of the subtribes and other chiefs these laws set out here. The first The Chiefs of the Confederation and all the chiefs who have not joined that Confederation give absolutely to the Queen of England for ever the complete government over their land. The second The Queen of England agrees to protect the chiefs, the subtribes and all the people of New Zealand in the...
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...Mäori & Public Health: Ethics A discussion paper Preamble Being asked to write a paper on Mäori perspectives on Public Health ethics raises issues for me. Some years ago my research colleagues and I invited Moana Jackson to participate in a project on genetic engineering. Our first question for him was along the lines of whether Mäori had a ‘unique perspective’ on genetic engineering. It was then that we received our lesson about the use of the word ‘perspective’ (Cram, Pihama & Philip-Barbara, 2000:66-67). Moana said that, ‘The word perspective to me is interesting. It assumes that there is something that is a given upon which Mäori can be expected to have a valid point of view. The moment you do that you situate the Päkehä model as the truth; and you ask Mäori to give a view on it. I think there are Mäori truths and they exist independently of whatever Päkehä view as reality or truth and to seek a Mäori perspective is to legitimate the Päkehä perspective on the issue. So to ask for a Mäori perspective on say the use of land is to validate the Päkehä concepts of property and seek to fit a Mäori view of that within it. Whereas what we should begin with is: what is the Mäori truth on land and how does that sit alongside, rather then fit within, the Päkehä view?’ Perhaps even more scary than asking whether there is a Mäori ‘perspective’ on Public Health ethics is the thought of asking what the Mäori ‘truth’ about Public Health ethics is. Once again, Moana is able...
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...Maori Health Questions 1. Ko Jane toku ingoa No Korea ahau Kei Auckland aku matua, e noho ana inaianei He intern pharmacist ahau. No reira, tena kotou, tena koutou, tena koutou katoa. 2. The concept is to introduce myself by first relating my place in the world and then who I am. It is to explain which culture and background I am from. 3.The Maori practiced public health by unwritten regulatory system enforced by shred beliefs and communal integrity. The philosophy supporting this system depended on all things being distinguished as either noa or tapu. Maori believed disobedience of the tapu resulted in rebuke, mental suffering and even physical consequences such as body wasting and death. Definition of Noa: It is the freedom of mind and spirit that comes about through being acknowledged, enhanced, restored and healed. In the negative sense, it is the state of diminished tapu, of weakness and powerless resulting from violation. Definition of Tapu: Restrictions and prohibitions that protect tapu( welling, dignity, and sacredness) from violation. Psycological, emotional, spiritual and cultural wellbeing. Dignity and sacredness. 4. Tohunga is healers who were well respected and very knowledgeable leaders alongside the rangatira. Tohunga manage the differences between tapu and noa. Some skillful tohunga addressed physical symptoms as well as the underlying spiritual cause. The rangatira are political leaders or chiefs. 5. Because Europeans did not hold...
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...“Ko te manu kai i te miro, nona te ngahere; Ko te manu kai i te matauranga, nona te ao. The bird that feeds on the miro berry, his is the forest; The bird that feeds on knowledge, his is the world.” The objective of the essay is to give context and validation to the vital role of the Whare Wananga in the survival of our culture and language through continuing education from both a traditional and contemporary perspective. The Whare Wananga has generally been described as a house of learning, although recently it has become associated with tertiary education. Traditionally it was a place where practical skills were taught, based on strongly held esoteric principals moral codes and strict adherence to prescribed rituals, the closest comparative in western institutions is that of a medieval monastery. There is however some disagreement Elsdon Best (1992) and Johannes Anderson (1948) on wether the Whare was actually a physical entity. Best declared that there were no permanent buildings dedicated to teaching and learning, and he believed that the word ‘whare’ was figurative, where others Anderson (1948), Best (1992), Mitchell (1972) Tregar (1904), and Makareri (Maggie Papkura,1938) give physical descriptions of the Whare Wananga and therefore argue the existence of buildings, reserved for teaching and learning, however in the context of this assignment there is no real relevance as to wether it’s existence was physical or figurative, as it is the actual existence and...
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...Part A: Apply ethical theories from the course (Readings 3.1-3.10) to the case study of: The Imprisonment of Josh Woolf The ethical issues facing the media community today have been reverberating through the corridors of newsrooms and debating chambers since the communication of the news began. Either resonating from newspapers or radiating from radios and screens, the transmission vehicle of the news may have evolved but the ethical issues are still the same; the quest for truth and justice. The word ‘ethics’ involves right and wrong; a moral dilemma requires critically thinking through the issue, formulating an answer which results in making an ethical decision. The decision involving an intellectual process through moral reasoning ensures everyone, as moral agents, are able to be guarded from the views of others in respect to the dilemma at hand (Day, 2000, p.63) In confronting an ethical issue, a knowledge and understanding of ethical theories allows us to navigate through these complex situations and, in the end, creates the ideal environment for “the greatest happiness for all humankind, and equality for all” (Open Polytechnic, 2007, p.9). What would the iconic ethical theorists such as Aristotle, Immanuel Kant and Stuart Mill think of the world of communications today? Media conglomerates control media content and distribution which lock in the extent of diverse views and information. To obtain truth “is essential to the democratic process” but is reliant...
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...Brooke Bragenzer Period 2 New Zealand Colonization The history of New Zealand dates back at least 700 years to when it was discovered and settled by Polynesians, who developed a distinct Māori culture centered on kinship links and land. The first European explorer to sight New Zealand was Abel Janszoon Tasman on 13 December 1642. Captain James Cook, who reached New Zealand in October 1769 on the first of his three voyages, was the first European explorer to circumnavigate and map New Zealand Polynesian Settlement Aotearoa (the Maori name for New Zealand, which translates as 'Land of the Long White Cloud') was first settled by Maori between 950 and 1130 AD. Highly sophisticated ocean navigators, Maori journeyed south through the Pacific from their original homeland, Hawaiiki (believed to be near Tahiti), to their new home of Aotearoa. Aotearoa possessed a more temperate climate than their original Pacific Island home, with no indigenous mammals (aside from the native bat) to hunt for food. Bird and marine life was plentiful however, and Maori also began to cultivate kumara, taro and yam. Isolated from other Polynesian peoples by thousands of miles of ocean, Maori developed a unique and vibrant culture of their own, reflecting their natural environment and affinity with the land. Maori, the tangata whenua (people of the land) were the only inhabitants of New Zealand for over 600 years, until the arrival of European explorers in the mid 1600s. European Exploration ...
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...discuss about the issues of the Maori health before colonization, during colonization, and after colonization. I had used the different methods of research to analyze the data for the issues of Maori health. The research methods used are complete online research method text, course resources and reading and analyzing data from different books as literary review. A systematic review of the literature was undertaken to locate relevant information on Maori health. The review formed the body of work on which this essay was based. The literature search was limited to work published between 1900 and 2010 in six subject areas: Maori health in early 1900 till present day, Maori concepts and models, Maori health models, Maori and disability, Treaty of Waitangi and Maori health. The databases searched included all of the New Zealand university library catalogues, the City Library and Google Scholar. Sources that appeared to be relevant were entered into the Reference. In 1769 James Cook concluded that Maori were healthy race .Prior to settlement by Europeans, Maori had been protected from many illnesses because of New Zealand’s Isolation from the large population centers of the world. Now a day’s Maori are recognized as being over represented statistically in poor health issues. Health statistics reveal that Maori have higher rates of cardio vascular disease, obesity, smoking, cancer, asthma mortality, mental illness, suicide, and mortality than non Maori (Blakely, Fawcett, Atkinson,...
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...Māori voyagers reached the islands of New Zealand some time before 1300, though exact dates are uncertain. Over the ensuing centuries of Māori expansion and settlement, Māori culture diverged from its Polynesian roots. Māori established separate tribes, built fortified villages (Pā), hunted and fished, traded commodities, developed agriculture, arts and weaponry, and kept a detailed oral history. Regular European contact began approximately 200 years ago, and British immigration proceeded rapidly during the nineteenth century. The colonists had a dramatic effect on the indigenous Maori, bringing Christianity, technology, and the English language. In 1840 Māori leaders signed the Treaty of Waitangi, intended to enable the tribes to live peacefully with the colonists. However after several incidents, the treaty was ignored and the New Zealand land wars broke out from 1845, with Māori suffering a loss of land and identity, while also increasingly becoming a minority group over the following century. Despite such setbacks, Māori culture has regained much of its lost influence in recent decades. European New Zealanders (Pākehā), despite their location far from Europe, retained strong cultural ties to "Mother England."[1] These ties were weakened by the demise of the British Empire and loss of special access to British meat and...
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...James Cedric Subida Mr. Schuller Geography — 5th Period November 16, 2010 New Zealand’s Riches New Zealand is a country with a rich history of culture, geography, and wildlife. The very first inhabits of New Zealand were the Maori. A people of Polynesian descent, the Maori have been living in New Zealand for over 1000 years. In 1642, a Dutch navigator named Abel Tasman sailed up the West Coast of New Zealand. However, Europeans did not “officially” discover New Zealand until 1769 when the British naval captain, James Cook, and his crew claimed New Zealand land as their own. A formal agreement was signed between the Maori and the European settlers in 1840. This agreement became the Treaty of Waitangi and is known as New Zealand’s founding document. Every February sixth on Waitangi Day, the people of New Zealand celebrate the historical agreement made between Maori Chiefs and the representative of the British Crown. In, 1856, New Zealand became a self-governing British colony and, in 1907, it was made a Dominion. The country did not become fully independent until 1947. New Zealand is located in the Southern Pacific Ocean. The country is made up of two main islands, North and South, and several smaller islands. In its entirely, the country is approximately the size of Colorado, and its population is approximately 4 million people. Most of the country’s population is of European descents, but about 15% identify themselves as Maori. Pacific Islanders constitute another...
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...New Zealand The natives in New Zealand are the Māori people who came to New Zealand from Polynesia between the years of 1200 to 1300. European missionaries came to New Zealand to convert the population to Catholics and they managed to do that but shortly after the british government wanted to make New Zealand into a british colony. The Maori leaders did not approve this so the queen of the united kingdom was forced to send a man with the name of William Hobson. He had the mission to get the leaders of New Zealand to accept the treaty of Waitangi which basically said that New Zealand would become a british colony. The treaty was signed on the 6th february 1840. New Zealand became an important trading post for sellers and buyers. The population of New Zealand is only 4.4 million but for the size of the country it is a lot. The capital is called Wellington. The total area is 268.021 km² which is the half of Swedens total area. The biggest city is Auckland with the population of 1.4 million residents. New Zealand is divided by two islands, the north and the south islands. The climate is both mild and warm because of the amount of mountains and seas. It’s about 37 to 47 degrees everyday in New Zealand. The climate doesn’t change that much depending on the seasons which is strange compared to different countries. Russel Crowe, Lucy Lawless and Peter Jackson are the most famous people in New Zealand and the most successful. Some famous animals in New Zealand are The kiwi...
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