...Number 12 AirAsia In The Malaysian Domestic Airline Market: Empirical Analysis Of Strategy Mok Kim Man, (Email: mkimman@ums.edu.my),Universiti Malaysia - Sabah, Malaysia Jainurin Bin Justine, (Email: Jainurin@ums.edu.my), Universiti Malaysia - Sabah, Malaysia ABSTRACT This paper will examine the results of the strategic actions of AirAsia in the Malaysian domestic airline market. Firstly, the paper will provide a general background of the airline industry, in particular the Malaysian domestic airline market and a summary of an analysis of the industry using Michael Porter’s Five Forces Analysis. Secondly, the paper will provide a brief background of AirAsia and Malaysia Airlines. Thirdly, the paper will analyse the results of AirAsia’s strategy vis-àvis operating and financial performance. Finally, the paper will conclude a summary of AirAsia’s achievement of the past and present and prospect for the future. INDUSTRY BACKGROUND Airline Industry The airline industry is very competitive with existing airlines having to compete with each other as well as with new entrants from time to time. For every success such as Singapore Airlines and Southwest Airlines, there are plenty of failures such as Pan Am, TWA, Swissair, Sabena, Ansett, People Express, Go, Buzz and so on. Major Characteristics There are three major characteristics of the airline industry namely its product nature, its expenditure structure and its market entry conditions. Airlines’ product is homogeneous or...
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...of capital market in Bangladesh mainly started with the beginning of trading activities of Dhaka Stock Exchange. It first incorporated as East Pakistan Stock Exchange Association Ltd in 28 April 1954 and started formal trading in 1956. It was renamed as East Pakistan Stock Exchange Ltd in 23 June 1962. Again in 13 May 1964 it was renamed as Dacca Stock Exchange Ltd. After the liberation war in 1971 the trading was discontinued for five years. In 1976 trading restarted in Bangladesh. In 16 September 1986 was started. The formula for calculating DSE all share price index was changed according to IFC in 1 November 1993. The automated trading was initiated in 10 August 1998. In 1 January 2001 was started. Central Depository System was initiated in 24 January 2004. As of November 16, 2009, the benchmark index of the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) crossed 4000 points for the first time, because of the debut of Grameen Phone in DSE. From the year 2007 the market capitalization is growing at a constant pace. The market is growing both in capitalization and trading volume. The growth is fueled by increased demand for financial assets and influx of liquid money. The growth is outpacing the growth of the national economy. Sudden rise of capitalization in DSE has raised the question, whether the growth has been healthy and market is functioning in a justifiable manner. [pic] Because economic development of a country is deeply related the development of country. If the market grows and...
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...capital market is one of the smallest in Asia but the third largest in the south Asia region. It has two full-fledged automated stock exchanges namely Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) and Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE) and an over-the counter exchange operated by CSE. It also consists of a dedicated regulator, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC),since, it implements rules and regulations, monitors their implications to operate and develop the capital market. It consists of Central Depository Bangladesh Limited (CDBL), the only Central Depository in Bangladesh that provides facilities for the settlement of transactions of dematerialized securities in CSE and DSE. 2.1 Functions of capital market: The functioning of an efficient capital market may ensure smooth floatation of funds from the savers to the investors. When banking system cannot meet up the total need for funds to the market economy, capital market stands up to supplement. To put it in a single sentence, we can therefore say that the increased need for funds in the business sector has created an immense need for an effective and efficient capital market. It facilitates an efficient transfer of resources from savers to investors and becomes conduits for channeling investment funds from investors to borrowers. T 2.2 Product of capital market: • Shares, • Debentures, • Mutual funds, • Bonds, • Derivatives, • Future and options. 2.3 Player of capital market: •...
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...Internal stakeholder 6 2.1.1 Employee 6 2.1.2 Management 6 2.1.3 Shareholders 7 2.2 External Stakeholder 7 2.2.1 Customers 7 2.2.2 Suppliers 8 2.2.3 Competitors 8 2.3 Relationship between the business and its environment 8 2.4 Context of the risk management framework 9 2.5 Development of internal risk environment 10 2.6 Development of external risk environment 10 3.0 Integration risk management and developing risk framework 12 3.1 Risk Management Process 12 3.1 Risk Identification framework and Risk Area Structure 13 3.4 Risk Identification 14 3.4.1 Checklist 14 3.4.2 Brainstorming 14 3.4.3 Structure Interview 14 3.5 Risk Assessment 15 3.5.1 Human Reliability 15 3.5.2 Cause and effect analysis 15 3.5.3 Failure Mode Effect Analysis 15 3.0 Risk Register 16 Conclusion 17 Reference 18 Appendix B – Likelihood 21 Appendix C – Consequences 22 Appendix D1 – Detailed Risk Register (Risk : Very High) 23 Appendix D2 - Detailed Risk Register (Risk : High) 24 Appendix D3 - Detailed Risk Register (Risk : Yellow) 25 Appendix D4 - Detailed Risk Register (Risk : Green) 26 Figures Figure 1: Organizational Structure 4 Figure 2 : AS/NZS ISO 31000:2009 12 Figure 3 : Risk Identification Framework 13 Figure 4 : Risk Register Matrix 16 Figure 5 : Store Location Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 6 : Store Format Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 7 Likelihood 21 Figure 8 Consequences 22 Figure 9 : Detailed Risk Register...
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...Introduction: Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) implies markets to be rational, incorporating new information to reflect in stock prices rapidly, considering direction and size of the share price movement. Consequently, leaving no opportunities for investors to beat the market and acquire abnormal returns. Predictable information raises the stock prices prior to its occurrence, and rapidly adjusting at the event date. Addendum to EMH, Random Walk Theory proposes market prices abide no pressure from past-price movements thus pursue a random course, making impossible to forecast future-price movements as they are an independent of past-prices. Fama (1970) establish three-level grading system portraying degree of market efficiency, based on investment approach endowing abnormal returns: Market anomalies are inconsistent with EMH and a consequence of deviations and incomprehensible patterns in smooth running of stock markets. Anomalies are statistically considerable and additionally proffer investors with risk adjusted economic returns. Once documented and scrutinized in literature, anomalies tend to disappear, overturn, or attenuate; doubting their subsistence in past, as being statistical irregularity, or have been arbitraged away. This essay will begin by defining limitations of CAPM and introduce three-factor model. Additionally, it will discuss the fundamental anomalies (Value and Size effects), calendar anomalies (January, Weekend and Time-of-the-month effects) and Technical...
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...Pakistan’s Stock Market: Monday, January and the Ramadan Effect . Hanan Abdul Razaq 10th March 2009 Acknowledgements I am indebted to my dissertation lecturer for his help and guidance throughout the project. I would also like to thank my family and friends for their unconditional support and understanding throughout the year specially during the crucial times when my head Was down but they gave me that extra strength and support to push forward and Complete this project on time. Abstract In recent years, we have observed an increase in interest from both individuals’ institutions and investors in emerging markets. It’s important for the investors to know whether the market is efficient, inefficient or neutral. This study wishes to document the Pakistani market and their Stock Exchange by looking at the existence of Calendar Anomalies such Monday effect and the January effect. Secondly this study investigates the presence of the so-called Moving Calendar anomaly, the “Ramadan Effect”. The following three indices are used: KSE-100, LSE-25 and ISE-10. An OLS regression and a GARCH (1,1) methodology will be used for the testing daily, weekly and monthly returns. The findings of this study shows the existence of Monday effect in ISE-10 index using the OLS methodology, however this effect wasn’t...
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...Stock Report | October 2, 2012 | NYS Symbol: TJX | TJX is in the S&P 500 TJX Companies Inc (The) 55555 S&P Recommendation BUY Price $45.17 (as of Oct 2, 2012) 12-Mo. Target Price $50.00 Investment Style Large-Cap Growth UPDATE: PLEASE SEE THE ANALYST'S LATEST RESEARCH NOTE IN THE COMPANY NEWS SECTION GICS Sector Consumer Discretionary Sub-Industry Apparel Retail Summary TJX operates several chains of off-price apparel and home fashion specialty stores in the U.S., Canada, Germany, Poland, Ireland and the U.K. Key Stock Statistics (Source S&P, Vickers, company reports) 52-Wk Range $46.67– 26.89 Trailing 12-Month EPS $2.26 Trailing 12-Month P/E 20.0 $10K Invested 5 Yrs Ago $32,954 S&P Oper. EPS 2013 E S&P Oper. EPS 2014 E P/E on S&P Oper. EPS 2013 E Common Shares Outstg. (M) 2.50 2.77 18.1 736.1 Market Capitalization(B) Yield (%) Dividend Rate/Share Institutional Ownership (%) Price Performance $33.250 1.02 $0.46 87 Beta S&P 3-Yr. Proj. EPS CAGR(%) S&P Credit Rating 0.56 17 A Qualitative Risk Assessment 30-Week Mov. Avg. 10-Week Mov. Avg. 12-Mo. Target Price Relative Strength GAAP Earnings vs. Previous Year Up Down Volume Above Avg. No Change STARS LOW MEDIUM HIGH Below Avg. Our risk assessment reflects our view of TJX's leadership position in off-price retail and promising new merchandising and productivity initiatives that could boost sales and profit ...
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...a)Introduction: This company was incorporated in 1990, Eksons Corporation Bhd was listed on the Second Board of the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange (now Bursa Malaysia Securities Bhd). After a reverse takeover in April 2000, Eksons was subsequently promoted to the Main Board in February 2001. The Eksons Group specialise in the manufacturing of tropical thin plywood of less than 3.0 millimeter in thickness, particularly in the 2.5 and 2.7 millimeter categories. The plywood is sold under the “Panda” brand name, which is an internationally established name known for its high quality. The thin plywood is used mainly for internal furnishing and decorative purposes. Eksons also produces veneer and sawn timber, targeted largely at the export market. One of Eksons’ competitive advantages is their ability to convert various grades of logs into high and consistent quality plywood in accordance with international standards. They have the ability to convert even low grades of logs into high quality plywood which means they are not hampered by lack of options in their suppliers. They have two factories with a combined installed capacity of 285,000 cubic meter per annum, located in Sibu, in the state Sarawak and Tawau in the state of Sabah. Over 90% of the production are exported, mainly to the US, Middle East, North Africa, Taiwan & Korea. The Eksons Group also has investments in property development and property holding.http://www.eksons.com.my/about.php Mission… We are committed to...
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...RISK –RETURN TRADE -OFF ON THE NIGERIAN STOCK EXCHANGE OLOWE, OLUSEGUN BANKING AND FINANCE DEPARTMENT COVENANT UNIVERSITY OTA. NIGERIA E-mail: oreoba2000@yahoo.com oreoba2000@gmail.com 1 ABSTRACT Expected excess returns on bonds and stocks, real interest rates, and risk shift over time in predictable ways. Furthermore, these shifts tend to persist for long period. Changes in investment opportunities can alter the risk-return trade-off of bonds, stocks, and cash across investment horizons, thus creating a term structure of the risk-return trade-off. This term structure can be extracted from a parsimonious model of return dynamics, which was illustrated with data from the stock market in Nigeria using the VAR model in the light of the reforms in the financial services sector coupled with the stock market crash and the global financial crisis. Using annual returns over the period of 1981 to 2008, volatility persistence, asymmetric properties and riskreturn relationship are investigated for the Nigerian stock market visà-vis the calendar effects on stock market performances. The degree of volatility persistence and leverage effect supporting the work of Nelson (1991) was visible in the relationship between value index of stocks, market capitalization and the volume of transactions. Key words: Calendar effect, Volatility, Stock market, Financial Reforms, Global Financial crisis, Volatility persistence, VAR, Risk-return tradeoff 2 INTRODUCTION The major flow...
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...1.0 Introduction Capital Market mainly refers to the Stock and Share market of the country. When banking system cannot totally meet up the need for funds to the market economy, capital market stands up to supplement it. Companies and the government can raise funds for long-term investments via the capital market. The capital market includes the stock market, the bond market, and the primary market. Securities trading on organized capital markets are monitored by the government; new issues are approved by authorities of financial supervision and monitored by participating banks. Thus, organized capital markets are able to guarantee sound investment opportunities. This paper reveals the various aspects of the Capital Market in Bangladesh. 1.1 Objectives Capital market, being an essential element of today’s economy, demands an intensive and special attention. The objective of this study is to look into every aspect of Bangladesh capital market and identify its various pros and cons along with some recommendations to overcome the existing problems. The specific objectives of this study are: _ To give an overall idea about the capital market-its structures, functions, importance, etc. _ To identify the current situations of our capital market of Bangladesh. _ To compare the relative conditions of Bangladesh capital market to other countries of the world. _ To sort out the problems associated with our capital market. _ To suggest some practicable solutions to these...
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...Doing business in Malaysia Contents Foreword Chapter 1 - Introduction • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Geography & population Advantages of investing in Malaysia Language Political environment Economy Major exports and imports Import controls Regulatory environment Financial services Currency denomination Exchange controls Government policy on foreign investment Communications 5 6 Chapter 2 - Intellectual property protection Patents Trade Marks Industrial Design Layout Design of Integrated Circuits Geographical Indications 19 PKF – Doing business in Malaysia 2 Chapter 3 - Business Structure • • • • • • • • • • • • • Types of business structures Companies limited by shares Companies limited by guarantee Foreign companies and foreign investments Sole proprietorship and partnerships Trusts 24 Chapter 4 - Business Finance Equity financing Loan Funding Grants & soft loans 28 Chapter 5 - Investment Incentives Manufacturing Multimedia Super Corridor Status Operational Headquarters International Procurement Centres / Regional Distribution Centres 35 Chapter 6 - Accounting • • • • • • • • • • • • Statutory Accounting Requirements Audit Requirements Accounting Standards 60 Chapter 7 - Taxation Overview of taxes in Malaysia Scope of taxes: Residency Sources of income liable to tax The Tax Year Payment of Tax Corporation tax Interest Deductions Interaction with International Tax Regime Taxation of Partnerships & Trusts ...
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...Stock Report | November 2, 2013 | NYS Symbol: KO | KO is in the S&P 500 Coca-Cola Co (The) S&P Recommendation STRONG BUY GICS Sector Consumer Staples Sub-Industry Soft Drinks Key Stock Statistics (Source S&P, Vickers, company reports) 52-Wk Range $43.43– 35.58 Trailing 12-Month EPS $1.93 Trailing 12-Month P/E 20.5 $10K Invested 5 Yrs Ago $20,900 Price Performance 30-Week Mov. Avg. 12-Mo. Target Price 45 40 35 30 55555 Price $39.61 (as of Nov 1, 2013) 12-Mo. Target Price $44.00 Investment Style Large-Cap Growth Summary The world's largest soft drink company, KO also has a sizable fruit juice business. S&P Oper. EPS 2013E S&P Oper. EPS 2014E P/E on S&P Oper. EPS 2013E Common Shares Outstg. (M) 2.09 2.27 19.0 4,433.2 Market Capitalization(B) Yield (%) Dividend Rate/Share Institutional Ownership (%) $175.597 2.83 $1.12 61 Beta S&P 3-Yr. Proj. EPS CAGR(%) 0.52 9 Qualitative Risk Assessment 10-Week Mov. Avg. Relative Strength GAAP Earnings vs. Previous Year Up Down No Change Volume Above Avg. Below Avg. STARS LOW MEDIUM HIGH Our risk assessment for Coca-Cola Company reflects the relatively stable nature of the company's end markets, its dominant market share positions around the world, and our view of its strong balance sheet and cash flow. 2-for-1 25 Quantitative Evaluations S&P Quality Ranking D C BB B+ AA A+ A+ Vol. Mil. 120 80 40 0 5 1 J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S...
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...OPTIONS FOR THE BEGINNER AND BEYOND In an increasingly competitive world, it is quality of thinking that gives an edge—an idea that opens new doors, a technique that solves a problem, or an insight that simply helps make sense of it all. We work with leading authors in the various arenas of business and finance to bring cutting-edge thinking and best-learning practices to a global market. It is our goal to create world-class print publications and electronic products that give readers knowledge and understanding that can then be applied, whether studying or at work. To find out more about our business products, you can visit us at www.ft-ph.com. OPTIONS FOR THE BEGINNER AND BEYOND UNLOCK THE OPPORTUNITIES AND MINIMIZE THE RISKS W. Edward Olmstead Professor of Applied Mathematics McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Northwestern University Editor for The Options Professor Published by Independent Investor, Inc. Vice President and Editor-in-Chief: Tim Moore Executive Editor: Jim Boyd Editorial Assistant: Susan Abraham Development Editor: Russ Hall Associate Editor-in-Chief and Director of Marketing: Amy Neidlinger Cover Designer: Chuti Prasertsith Managing Editor: Gina Kanouse Senior Project Editor: Kristy Hart Copy Editor: Keith Cline Senior Indexer: Cheryl Lenser Compositor: Interactive Composition Corporation Manufacturing Buyer: Dan Uhrig © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Financial Times Prentice Hall ...
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...Gordon Bowker, who all had a passion for fresh coffee, opened a small shop and began selling fresh-roasted, gourmet coffee beans and brewing and roasting accessories. In 1987, they sold the Starbucks chain to Howard Schultz, which rebranded the Il Giornale outlets as Starbucks and quickly began to expand. Starbucks opened its first locations outside Seattle at Waterfront Station in Vancouver, British Columbia, and Chicago, Illinois, that same year. Starbucks sells drip brewed coffee, espresso-based hot drinks, other hot and cold drinks, coffee beans, salads, hot and cold sandwiches and panini, pastries, snacks, and items such as mugs and tumblers. . Through the Starbucks Entertainment division and Hear Music brand, the company also markets books, music, and film. Many of the company's products are seasonal or specific to the locality of the store. Starbucks-brand ice cream and coffee are also offered at grocery stores. Starbucks' position its Starbucks outlets as a place where consumers can spend time other than that of their home or work. Their mission statement is “to inspire and nurture the human spirit – one person, one cup and one neighborhood at a time”. This was done by making each of its stores as comfortable and relaxing as possible. The coffee giant achieved these through its comfortable furniture and relaxing music. Starbucks first revolutionized the coffeehouse industry by marketing expensive, high-quality coffee as well as a "third place" between work and...
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...OFFERINGS: EVIDENCE FROM THE SINGAPORE IPO MARKET VOON PEIJUN (Bachelor of Business Administration (Hons), NUS) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTERS OF SCIENCE (BUSINESS) DEPART DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2009 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my warmest gratitude to Professor Michael Shih for his patient guidance and encouragement all this while. A very big thank you, Sir. I would also like to take this opportunity to thank my family for their love and concern all these years. Thank you Dad, Mum and Brother. Without their support, I would not have come so far. Thank you! Voon Peijun 2009 Page i ABSTRACT The study explores the role of issue managers in the initial public offering (IPO) process. Empirical research shows that IPOs are associated with two significant market anomalies: short-run underpricing puzzle and long-run underperformance phenomenon. This paper examines the reputational influence of issue managers on the two anomalies. Employing the newly developed ‘twelve-month rolling’ reputation ranking approach, our study is the first to furnish a comprehensive ranking of all the issue managers with a substantial presence in Singapore. Based on a sample of 384 IPOs listed on the Singapore Exchange between January 1, 1997 and August 22, 2008, we find evidence of prevalent short-run underpricing and long-run underperformance in the domestic market. Our findings indicate that the IPOs backed...
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