...as the symptoms of many other disorders. In the twentieth century, Sigmund Freud and Pierre Janet theorized their own reasons for the symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder. Janet thought that the patient with obsessive compulsive disorder had insufficient nervous energy to perform normal mental acts. Thus, the nervous energy was focused towards more primitive mental acts which were the obsessions and compulsions. Freud deduced that the symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder were due to the patient’s mind responding to the struggles of the id impulses and the demands of reality. The twenty-first century brought new research on obsessive compulsive disorder, which brought diagnosis and treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder to where it is today (Stanford Medicine, n.d.). On a personal note, the reason for this topic is because the author of this paper was diagnosed with obsessive compulsive disorder at the age of twenty-two. She had been experiencing fear of contamination, fear of losing things, an obsessive fear of social...
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...In addition to presenting challenges to the diagnosis and treatment of individuals with mental disorders, widespread comorbidity represents a weakness of the categorical classification of psychopathology. This raises the question of whether current disorders truly represent distinct clinical entities or are actually arbitrary distinctions blurring underlying mechanisms of dysfunction (Widiger & Trull, 2007). Further, inappropriate diagnostic criteria ultimately impede research investigating the underlying neural mechanisms of mental illness as patient populations are arbitrarily included and excluded, likely distorting results. In example, while only 2-3% of the general population meets criteria for Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, studies have found that 20-30% of those individuals with ADHD also meet criteria for anxiety and depressive disorders (Jensen et al.,...
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...Cityworks® Empowering GIS™ for Asset Management, Permitting, Licensing, and more! InPrint Spring 2013 In This Issue: Cityworks GIS-centric Platform Scalability from the Top, Down Cityworks Contracts Module Harnessing Cloud Computing InPrint Empowering GIS TM for Asset Management, Permitting, Licensing, and more! Advisory Board: Brian Haslam, President & CEO Carl Horton, Chief Technology Officer George Mastakas, Vice President of Enterprise Solutions Wayne Hill, Vice President of Client Relations Tom Palizzi, Vice President of Marketing and Sales Brent Wilson, Executive Director of Sales Steve Thomas, Executive Manager, Customer Support Cityworks® Editor’s Page Scalability W InPrint Staff: Editor in Chief: Tom Palizzi Managing Editor: Kaye Ryser Associate Editor: Lindsay Ferguson Copy Editor: Reece Hanzon Graphic Design: Kent Hepworth Graphic Design: Rachel Haslam Advertising: Cindy Curletti Subscription: To subscribe, change your address, or cancel your subscription: inprint@cityworks.com Contact Us: Tel: 801-523-2751 Email: info@cityworks.com Archives available at: www.cityworks.com Azteca Systems Inc. 11075 South State Street, Suite 24 Sandy, UT 84070 801-523-2751 www.cityworks.com e hear the word scalability used extensively to describe today’s technology. For all intents and purposes, it is typically used to illustrate a solution’s ability to accommodate a variety of needs and preferences. Most software starts as a solution to a...
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...appears to be a growing concern, especially in Asia, for what has been labeled “Internet addiction.” In particular, certain Asian countries report it as a serious public health issue. Liu Guiming, deputy secretary-general of the Chinese Society of Juvenile Delinquency Research, has been quoted as saying "the growing number of youth infatuated with unhealthy Web sites and campus violence has become an urgent social problem.” A leading Beijing judge, Shan Xiuyun, also declared that 90 per cent of juvenile crime in the city was Internet-related” (Sebag-Montefiore, 2005).As a result of these concerns, governments in South Korea, Japan and China have set up boot camps, which provide therapy to deal with Internet addiction (Ransom, 2007). China has also issued a ban on new Internet cafes to clamp down on Internet addiction (Watts, 2007). Yet, there are those who doubt whether this outcry is justified or even valid. An article in the American Psychological Association newsletter suggests that there is little empirical evidence to support the existence of Internet addiction and much of the research in this area utilizes self-selecting samples with no control groups (De Angelis, 2000). In light of this controversy, his paper seeks to examine Internet addiction in Asia. Specifically, it reviews the academic and empirical literature to address the following questions: * What empirical evidence is there in...
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...the references. Praha 20 November, 2012 Petra Vondráčková Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor David Šmahel for his invaluable help and guidance, and also for the opportunity to get the valuable experience in doing the research in psychology. Many thanks also to my colleague Jaroslav Vacek for inspiring discussions that we have had on this topic. I would also like to thank the co-authors of presented texts. In addition, special thanks are due to the people who were willing to participate and shared their own experience with Internet use and addictive behaviour on the Internet. Content 1. Introduction 8 2. Theoretical background 10 2.1. Behavioural addiction 10 2.1.1. Defining the concept 11 2.1.2. Classification of behaviour addictions 12 2.1.3. Behavioural addiction in the context of diagnostic manuals of mental disorders 13 2.1.4. Similar traits of behavioural and substance addictions 15 2.2. Internet addiction 24 2.2.1. Historical background and main research areas 26 2.2.3. Identification of Internet addiction 28 2.2.4. Prevalence rates of Internet addiction 32 2.2.5. Correlates of Internet Addiction 35 2.2.6. Treatment of Internet addiction 37 2.2.7. Future research directions 39 3. Comparing Addictive Behaviour on the Internet in the Czech Republic, Chile and Sweden 51 3.1. Introduction 51 3.2. Country profiles 53 3.3. Methods 54 3.4. Sample description 56 3.5. Two dimensions of addictive behaviour...
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...the references. Praha 20 November, 2012 Petra Vondráčková Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor David Šmahel for his invaluable help and guidance, and also for the opportunity to get the valuable experience in doing the research in psychology. Many thanks also to my colleague Jaroslav Vacek for inspiring discussions that we have had on this topic. I would also like to thank the co-authors of presented texts. In addition, special thanks are due to the people who were willing to participate and shared their own experience with Internet use and addictive behaviour on the Internet. Content 1. Introduction 8 2. Theoretical background 10 2.1. Behavioural addiction 10 2.1.1. Defining the concept 11 2.1.2. Classification of behaviour addictions 12 2.1.3. Behavioural addiction in the context of diagnostic manuals of mental disorders 13 2.1.4. Similar traits of behavioural and substance addictions 15 2.2. Internet addiction 24 2.2.1. Historical background and main research areas 26 2.2.3. Identification of Internet addiction 28 2.2.4. Prevalence rates of Internet addiction 32 2.2.5. Correlates of Internet Addiction 35 2.2.6. Treatment of Internet addiction 37 2.2.7. Future research directions 39 3. Comparing Addictive Behaviour on the Internet in the Czech Republic, Chile and Sweden 51 3.1. Introduction 51 3.2. Country profiles 53 3.3. Methods 54 3.4. Sample description 56 3.5. Two dimensions of addictive behaviour...
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...CHARLES DUHIGG Random House e N e w Yo r k Duhi_9781400069286_2p_all_r1.j.indd iii 10/17/11 12:01 PM This is a work of nonfiction. Nonetheless, some names and personal characteristics of individuals or events have been changed in order to disguise identities. Any resulting resemblance to persons living or dead is entirely coincidental and unintentional. Copyright © 2012 by Charles Duhigg All rights reserved. Published in the United States by Random House, an imprint of The Random House Publishing Group, a division of Random House, Inc., New York. RANDOM HOUSE and colophon are registered trademarks of Random House, Inc. ISBN 978-1-4000-6928-6 eBook ISBN 978-0-679-60385-6 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper Illustrations by Anton Ioukhnovets www.atrandom.com 2 4 6 8 9 7 5 3 1 First Edition Book design by Liz Cosgrove Duhi_9781400069286_2p_all_r1.j.indd iv 10/17/11 12:01 PM To Oliver, John Harry, John and Doris, and, everlastingly, to Liz Duhi_9781400069286_2p_all_r1.j.indd v 10/17/11 12:01 PM Duhi_9781400069286_2p_all_r1.j.indd vi 10/17/11 12:01 PM CONTENTS PROLOGUE The Habit Cure GGG xi PA R T O N E The Habits of Individuals 1. THE HABIT LOOP How Habits Work 3 31 60 2. THE CRAVING BRAIN How to Create New Habits 3. THE GOLDEN RULE OF HABIT CHANGE Why Transformation Occurs GGG PA R T T W O The Habits of Successful Organizations 4. KEYSTONE HABITS, OR THE BALLAD OF PAUL O’NEILL Which Habits...
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