...simple bridge truss was the first structure I ever analyzed. The simple combination of beams that could hold cars, trains, and trucks over long spans of water fascinated me. Having the tools to analyze the loads on the truss further increased my interest in structures. I encountered the bridge in a textbook for my first engineering class. Knowing that the professor, Mr. John Doe, was a tough teacher, I asked him for the textbook so I could study and get ready for the class over the summer. Just arrived from Belize, I was determined to succeed. In class we learned about forces on simple members and then we put the members together to form a simple truss. At this point I had almost decided that structural engineering was the career for me. From there the class just took off: We went on to frames, distributed loads, considered friction; basically we were incorporating real world considerations into structural members. I loved the practical, problem solving aspects of the field. At UC my classes were even more advanced. In my analysis and design classes, I especially enjoyed studying steel design because we not only learned the use of the load resistance factor design but also applied that knowledge — I designed a four-story building. The professor was a practicing engineer, and he always related the subject to real life steel structures he had engineered, for example, the SB Medical Center, an all steel building with a base isolated campus. This is the kind of project on...
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...In architecture and structural engineering, a truss is a structure comprising one or more triangular units constructed with straight members whose ends are connected at joints referred to as nodes. External forces and reactions to those forces are considered to act only at the nodes and result in forces in the members which are either tensile or compressive forces. Moments (torques) are explicitly excluded because, and only because, all the joints in a truss are treated as revolutes. Planar truss Planar roof trusses The roof trusses of the basilica di Santa Croce (Florence) The simplest form of a truss is one single triangle. This type of truss is seen in a framed roof consisting of rafters and a ceiling joist, and in other mechanical structures such as bicycles and aircraft. Because of the stability of this shape and the methods of analysis used to calculate the forces within it, a truss composed entirely of triangles is known as a simple truss. The traditional diamond-shape bicycle frame, which utilizes two conjoined triangles, is an example of a simple truss. A planar truss lies in a single plane. Planar trusses are typically used in parallel to form roofs and bridges. The depth of a truss, or the height between the upper and lower chords, is what makes it an efficient structural form. A solid girder or beam of equal strength would have substantial weight and material cost as compared to a truss. For a given span, a deeper truss will require less material...
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...Truss Bridge Project Research Paper Our class has been assigned a project about the history and structure of Truss Bridges.In order for us to become more familiar and have a better understanding about truss bridges, we had do to some research.While there is a lot of logical engineering that goes into building a truss bridge,our teacher has instructed us to research 2 types of engineering behind the building of truss bridges and answer a few questions about our bridge.The two types we were told to look up and learn about were geotechnical engineering and materials engineering,both of which none of us had ever heard of.As for the geotechnical engineering,we we were to research the environmental and geological factors that should be considered...
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...Truss Bridge As said by Ed Grabianowski, “Although the general physics of bridge-building have been established for thousands of years, every bridge presents complicated factors that must be taken into consideration, such as the geology of the surrounding area, the amount of traffic, weather and construction materials.”. When building a bridge an engineer must consider all possible factors that may affect the bridge. Normal environmental factors such as changes temperature, precipitation, and winds must be taken under consideration. Along with environmental factors that are beyond normal weather conditions, factors such as sudden gusts of wind and earthquakes. Environmental factors also known as environmental loads are loads induced by external...
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...Pratt Truss Bridge Research Paper The Pratt Truss bridge was a very unique bridge. This particular truss bridge happens to have been an all wooden truss bridge when it was first built in 1844. This truss bridge has very unique features. This truss bridge is very popular and was yet the most important truss bridge because of it's amazing transformation. This bridge is up to hundreds of feet off the ground. The Pratt Truss Bridge was made was by Thomas and Caleb Pratt in 1844. It was a popular railway truss bridge because it had very long spans. It became popular for railway bridges because it was able to have long spans. The Pratt Truss Bridge Environmental factors have affected this specific tremendously. This Pratt truss bridge was all wooden until the Environmental area of this bridge weakened it. So, this bridge has to go from being all wooden to all copper to make. It's always windy and rains and that's what made the wood break down. Since the break down many workers improved it by changing it to all copper metal. The conditions were mainly natural disasters. The natural disasters included rainstorms and tornados. So therefore this bridge has been through a lot because of the change of all wood to all metal. The Pratt Pennsylvania Truss Bridge was made by Caleb and Thomas...
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...This year in middle school technology we learned how to build truss bridges. A truss bridge is a bridge in which the loads are supported by trusses. We learned what the strongest bridge shape would be. We also learned how tension and compression strength affected the amount of weight our bridge would hold. In order to build our truss bridges first we had to draw a blueprint of the top, bottom, and side view of the bridge. Next, we put a piece of wax paper over the paper. After that lied the balsa wood on the blueprint and used structure glue to put each side together. Once each side was put together we glued each of them together to form the truss bridge. Finally, we painted the truss bridge. Tension strength impacted the amount of weight...
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...What Kind of Trusses to Use for Different Roof & Ceiling Shapes 05/10/2014 Leave a Comment You ever hear the phrase “putting lipstick on a pig”? Well, that’s what it’s like to put fancy shingles or tile on a roof that doesn’t have a great structure. It’s kind of like putting nice clothes on – the shape of your body has a lot to do with how well you look in those clothes. When it comes to your roof, this is where trusses come in — there are a number of different designs for roof trusses and the best design for any building will depend on: * The stresses the building roof is likely to experience. This could be snow loads, wind, Santa Claus, etc. * The aesthetic preferences of the homeowner. What shape do you want your roof to have? * The size of open areas within the building. * The type of extreme weather conditions prevalent in the area where the home or building is being built. For example, here in the 4 Corners area, Dolores needs trusses that can withstand more snow than Cortez… Rico more than Dolores… and Telluride more than Rico. Why Roof Trusses? Trusses are used in a variety of applications where a lightweight, yet strong, structure is required. Trusses are used extensively in bridges, buildings (particularly roofing and flooring), radio and television towers, and space-based constructions. Many home builders order prefabricated roof trusses from a manufacturer and have them delivered to a building site because building roof trusses is labor intensive and...
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...Example 1: (space truss) A twenty five-bar truss is considered as shown in the following figure: [pic] [pic] [pic] 1. Definition of Data (Data.m) function D=Data % Definition of Data % Nodal Coordinates Coord=[-37.5 0 200;37.5 0 200;-37.5 37.5 100;37.5 37.5 100;37.5 -37.5… 100;-37.5 -37.5 100;-100 100 0;100 100 0;100 -100 0;-100 -100 0]; % Connectivity Con=[1 2;1 4;2 3;1 5;2 6;2 4;2 5;1 3;1 6;3 6;4 5;3 4;5 6;3 10;6 7;4 9;5 8;… 4 7;3 8;5 10;6 9;6 10;3 7;4 8;5 9]; % Definition of Degree of freedom (free=0 & fixed=1) % for 2-D trusses the last column is equal to 1 Re=zeros(size(Coord)); Re(7:10,:)=[1 1 1;1 1 1;1 1 1;1 1 1]; % or: Re=[0 0 0;0 0 0;0 0 0;0 0 0;0 0 0;0 0 0;1 1 1;1 1 1;1 1 1;1 1 1]; % Definition of Nodal loads Load=zeros(size(Coord)); Load([1:3,6],:)=1e3*[1 -10 -10;0 -10 -10;0.5 0 0;0.6 0 0]; % or: Load=1e3*[1 -10 -10;0 -10 -10;0.5 0 0;0 0 0;0 0 0;0.6 0 0;… % 0 0 0;0 0 0;0 0 0;0 0 0]; % Definition of Modulus of Elasticity E=ones(1,size(Con,1))*1e7; % or: E=[1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1]*1e7; % Definition of Area A=[.4 .1 .1 .1 .1 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 .4 .4 1.3 1.3 .9 .9 .9 .9 1 1 1 1 3.4 3.4… 3.4 3.4]; % Convert to structure array D=struct('Coord',Coord ','Con',Con ','Re',Re ','Load',Load ','E',E ','A',A '); 2. Analysis of Truss (ST.m) ; Forces(F) , Deflections(U) , Reactions(R) Write in Command Line: >> D=Data ; [F,U,R]=ST(D) F = 1.0e+004...
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...Principles of EngineeringCynthia Tuggle Thomas | Lecture Outline & Assignments | Essential Questions: | Recommended Time | Lesson 1.1: Mechanisms * Course Objectives, Classroom Policy, Engineering Journals & portfolios * Engineering Notebook.ppt. * Careers in Engineering and Engineering Technology.ppt. * Professional Interview and Professional Interview Rubric.Simple Machine – Lever, Wheel and Axle, and Pulley.ppt. * Lesson 1.1 Key Terms Crossword Fischertechnik Platform: * Activity 1.1.1 Simple Machine Investigation (FT). * Simple Machines – Inclined Plane, Wedge, and Screw.ppt. * Activity 1.1.2 Simple Machines Practice Problems * Understanding Thread Notes * Gears, Pulley Drives, and Sprockets.ppt. | 1. Why is it important to begin considering career paths during high school?2. What career opportunities are available to match your specific interests?3. What are some current applications of simple machines, gears, pulleys, and sprockets?4. What are some strategies that can be used to make everyday mechanisms more efficient?5. What are the trade-offs of mechanical advantage related to design?6. Why must efficiency be calculated and understood during the design process? | | Lesson 1.2: Energy Sources * Energy Sources.ppt. * Activity 1.2.1 Energy Sources * Activity 1.2.2 Energy Distribution i * Lesson 1.2 Key Terms Crossword * Introduction to Electricity.ppt. * Breadboarding and Electronics...
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...President Elect for the North American Society for Trenchless Technology, and was previously Secretary and Treasurer for the Associated General Contractors of America. As part of the required curriculum as a degree candidate, I have successfully excelled in a variety of courses such as: Statics and Mechanics of Materials, Principals of Structural Analysis, and Principals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems. In addition to the engineering design courses, I have successfully taken multiple business related courses such as: Business Management, Principals of Accounting, and Introduction to Marketing. I have extensive experience and training in many fields of the construction industry. My most recent experience as a Truss Design Engineer involves in- depth analysis of truss systems and components, as well as all aspects of structural framing. Prior to this experience, I was employed at Rimcor, Inc. which involved working in paper mills. I have numerous hours of safety training and understand the importance of safety. As a result of my employment history and education, I have become proficient in multiple Microsoft programs such as: Excel, Word, and...
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...Structural Analysis III Chapter 3 – Characteristics of Structures Chapter 3 - Characteristics of Structures 3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 2 3.1.1 Background .................................................................................................... 2 3.2 Basic Statical Determinacy ................................................................................. 5 3.2.1 Introduction.................................................................................................... 5 3.2.2 Plane Beams and Frames ............................................................................... 6 3.2.3 Plane Trusses ............................................................................................... 15 3.3 Stability ............................................................................................................... 20 3.3.1 Introduction.................................................................................................. 20 3.3.2 Exceptions to Basic Rule ............................................................................. 21 3.3.3 Examples...................................................................................................... 23 3.4 Further Statical Determinacy .......................................................................... 25 3.4.1 Internal and External Determinacy ...........................................
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...Oxymoron *An oxymoron (plural oxymora or oxymorons) (from Greek "sharp dull") is a figure of speech that juxtaposes apparently contradictory elements (it is not however a contradiction in terms .Oxymora/Oxymoron appear in a variety of contexts, including inadvertent errors such as ground pilot and literary oxymorons crafted to reveal a paradox. *The most common form of oxymoron involves an adjective–noun combination of two words. *As with many other literary and rhetorical devices, oxymorons are used for a variety of purposes. Sometimes they are used to create some sort of drama for the reader or listener, and sometimes they are used to make the person stop and think, whether it's to laugh or to ponder. Examples: "I can resist anything, except temptation." - Oscar Wilde "I like a smuggler. He is the only honest thief." - Charles Lamb Synecdoche *Synecdoche is closely related to metonymy—a figure of speech in which a term that denotes one thing is used to refer to a related thing. Indeed, synecdoche is sometimes considered a subclass of metonymy. It is more distantly related to other figures of speech, such as metaphor. * *metaphor: changing a word from its literal meaning to one not properly applicable but analogous to it; assertion of identity rather than, as with simile, likeness. * metonymy: substitution of cause for effect, proper name for one of its qualities, etc. Examples: The word “bread” can be used to represent food in general or...
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...Declaration This is to declare that alika jeremiah has undergone his student industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) program at KIN-ROYAL NIG. LTD; Ojo local government in Lagos state. _________________________________ ____/____/____ STUDENT DATE _________________________________ ____/____/____ INSTITUTION’S SUPERVISOR DATE _________________________________ ____/____/____ SIWES CO-ORDINATOR DATE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to first and foremost express my sincere thanks and gratitude to God for the grace, wisdom and endurance he granted me throughout this program. I thank my parents, Mr. & Mrs. Paul Alika who has been there to support and direct me in every aspect of my life. Also to my brothers and sister who encouraged me especially in times of difficulty. Forgetting not the owner and managing director of the company, KIN-ROYL NIG. LTD, in the person of Mr. KizitoNzulumike, and the manager in the person of Mr. Vincent Nweke for their contributions in one way or the other in trying to see to my well being and knowledge acquisition in the whole program. Also to all staff and workers of KIN-ROYAL NIG.LTD, for their warm and embracing support and hospitality. May the almighty God reward you all. To my friends, classmates and IT colleagues, I appreciate you all for the support and relationship you aided me with. I cannot forget you. Finally, to my industrial attachment supervisor, Mr. Vincent Nweke, and my institution supervisor Dr...
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...STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF A LECTURE ROOM & OFFICE BUILDING 2012 INTRODUCTION The objective of this project is to examine the techniques used in the design of a building. The structural design of this lecture room & office building involves design of floor slabs, stairs, beams, columns, shear walls, foundation and analysis of frames. The building is composed of solid slab, inclined solid slabs & slabs with hole. Live load and dead load analysis is made according to EBCS-1, 1995.After the minimum depth of slab for serviceability limit state were determined, the slabs were designed for partition load, floor finish using self-weight load and live loads according to EBCS-1, 1995 using different combinations and analyzed for the worst load condition. Stairs and landings were designed as one-way slab. For the analysis of frames, the restrained conditions at the foundation level are assumed fixed. Loads acting on beams from slab reactions and walls directly resting on beams were added to self-weight of beams to find total load acting on beams. These were inserted and analyzed using SAPv14 analysis for five load combinations. The design of beams and columns is done for the critical moment’s shears and axial loads obtained from the dead and live load combinations mentioned above of the selected axis. Beams were designed according to EBCS-2, 1995 provisions. The size of the footing was determined from assumed bearing...
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...Daisy Plan (4’ x 8’) www.CleanCoops.com “The Daisy” Chicken Coop Plan Property of CleanCoops.com Page 1 of 41 Daisy Plan (4’ x 8’) www.CleanCoops.com INTRODUCTION When designing our Daisy Coop Plan we designed it with the following features and criteria in mind: MAXIMIZING FLOOR SPACE / QUANTITY – This coop will house up to 12 laying hens comfortably. We have designed plenty of space for roosting, nesting and roaming. CLEANLINESS / EASY TO MAINTAIN – We have designed it in such a way that it is easy to maintain, requiring only occasional cleaning that can be done VERY quickly and easily. All corners of the coop can be reached for cleaning without bending over or going inside. ATTRACTIVENESS – As you can see from some of the included photos, we have designed and built a coop that actually adds to the aesthetics of your property! Your friends and neighbors will appreciate and adore your new coop while adding charm and character to your landscape. QUALITY – This is a sturdy, solid, long lasting and quality design. You want your work to last for years to come. You don’t want to build something that you will have to constantly fix and repair. Our durable design will withstand the elements of your climate. PROTECTION FROM PREDATORS – The entire coop was designed keeping in mind that there are critters out there that would like to get to your chickens. This design is virtually critter-proof! COMFORTABLE CHICKENS – This design will keep...
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