...VACUUM TUBES A Research Paper Presented to the Faculty of School of Engineering Asia Pacific College Magallanes, Makati by Pamela Joyce M. Espigol In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements in Electronic Devices and Circuits Lec Date Submitted October 30, 2015 II. INTRODUCTION a. RESEARCH PAPER SUMMARY NO. | ABSTRACT | METHODOLOGY | RESULTS | CONCLUSION | RECOMMENDATION | 1 | The objective of this work is to simulate a tube guitar amplifier, the Giannini True Reverber designed by Carlos Alberto Lopes in the nineteen sixties. The nonlinear “overdrive” characteristics of these devices make them attractive for guitarists since odd harmonics are added into the guitar sound as well as sound compression. The shortcomings of these amplifiers led to the development of DSP simulation techniques over the last few years. Many past DSP simulations of tube amplifiers were implemented using Static Digital Wave shappers for the task of replicating the tube transfer characteristics. Since the physical behavior of such systems is quite complex, physically informed models are necessary for more precision in the simulation, requiring more computer power. A Wave Digital Filter (WDF) simulation of the Giannini True Reverber double 12AX7 preamp is accomplished in this work using Koren’s triode equations and Block Compiler, where each parameter was acquired in the original electronic schematic or by measurement of the real amplifier. The real preamp is compared to the...
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...People love to get whiter teeth, especially women. Some women use lipstick to make teeth whiter.. But there’s always a better way to make those pearly whites brighter. USE THIS NEWEST TOOTHPASTE THAT GIVES YOU NOT ONLY HEALTHIER BUT ALSO A PERFECT BRIGTH TOOTH IN JUST 3 DAYS !! PERFECT all purpose toothpaste … This toothpaste is different from the other brand. It composes of different benefits unlike the other. YancyKim PERFECT toothpaste said to be as all purpose toothpaste because it has all the kind of toothpaste that you what in the market... It is * Tooth advance whitening is clinically proven to provide whiter teeth in 3 days! * Cavity protection Clinically proven to strengthen teeth & repair weak spots in the enamel. * Sensitivity relief provides clinically proven, everyday protection from painful sensitivity * Tartar protection clinically proven that control tartar from the teeth. * Triple action for multi-vitamins cavity protection, whitening and breath freshening for the whole family. * Fresh confidence * Gum protection * Long lasting mint * Chocolate flavor Using this toothpaste helps you to have a healthier fresh clean crystal white and strong tooth, which perfectly fit to your desire! The Manufacturing Process Weighing and mixing * After transporting the raw materials into the factory, the ingredients are both manually and mechanically weighed. This ensures accuracy in the...
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...Introduction Over the years pharmaceuticals have been trying to find multiple ways to improve the drug delivery system for cancer. Microgels and hydrogels were first established, and then the new creations of nanogels were created. Nanogels have grown to have a huge impact for the use of certain anticancer drugs. Although characteristics of nanogels are still being studied by recent researchers they tend to have many advanced features as a drug delivery system. Some features include: simplicity of drug formulation; high drug-loading capacity; exceptional dispersion stability; and prolonged storage of drug formulations in the freeze-dried form. [1] Nanogels are cross linked particles of sub-micrometer size, made up of hydrophilic polymers. There three-dimensional polymer chains are formed by using covalent linkages or the self-assembly processes. [2] A polymer with two different properties such as soluble and insoluble is called an amphiphilic polymer. When the polymer is added to water it creates nanoparticles. The outside of the nanoparticle is called the shell and the center is called the core. When the core is cross linked it then forms a nanogel. Within this experiment cysteamine hydrochloride is added to create crosslink chains in side of the nanogel and TCEP is then added to cleave the disulfide bonds within the gel. Because Nile red is insoluble in water it is added before water during the cross linking reaction. Without the addition of cysteamine hydrochloride the Nile...
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...Walter Long The Nuclear Tube Assembly Room was a production unit of the American Radiatronics Co., a leader in the nuclear electronics industry. The company's regular line of electronic tubes was assembled, tested, and prepared for shipment in the nuclear tube assembly room. Walter Long, general foreman of the process department, described the tube room group as the most successful. Exhibit 1 is a partial organization chart. Prior to Long's assuming the leadership of the department some 24 months earlier, the workers in the room had acquired the reputation of being agitators, persistent troublemakers. Production was down, costs were out of hand, and deliveries became very unpredictable. Some thought was given to eliminating the entire operation. A report prepared by the director of industrial relations at the time, which described the existing problem, is presented in Ex. 2. Over the past 24 months the story is quite different. During the most recent three-month period the tube room's direct and allocated monthly costs averaged $60,350, while the actual sales value of the room's monthly production for the same three months averaged $175,800. Indirect costs were allocated to the department at a rate 425% of direct labor costs. A special management report presented some additional figures of interest. Between January of the previous year and March of the present year, the group had shown a 53% improvement in the dollar output of product per man-hour of work, direct labor efficiency...
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...quantitative results while the others gather subjective, qualitative information. The number of beetroot cores used will depend on the number of water baths available. Students can work individually or in pairs. To save time, reduce the number of temperatures used and collate results to provide repeats at each temperature. Beetroot cores, cut with a size 4 cork borer and soaked in distilled water overnight (Note 1) Thermometers, 1 for each water bath Kettle, to provide boiling water for the water baths Ice bath (a beaker of water surrounded by ice) Scalpel, 1, or sharp vegetable knife Tile, 1 Forceps or mounted needles to ‘handle’ beetroot cores Ruler, up to 15 cm, 1 Distilled water, in wash bottle Measuring cylinder, 10 cm3, 1 Test tubes, 1 for each temperature of water bath Paper towels Marker pen Access to several water baths set at a range of temperatures, or beakers containing water at different temperatures (Note 3) Always carry cutting tools in a small tray. Cut away from you. Replace the cutting tool in the tray when not in use. Read our standard health & safety guidance 1 Beetroot must be raw, not...
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...Equipment’s: Boiling tubes Metal test tube racks Beaker Graduated plastic dropper Water bath,~37°C Water bath,~95°C Stop watch Test tube holder Materials: Carbohydrate solution A Carbohydrate solution B Benedict’s solution 3M Hydrochloric acid 3M Sodium hydroxide Procedures: 1. Prepared two boiling tubes with containing 1 ml solution A and 1 ml solution B respectively. 1 ml Benedict’s solution was added to each tube and heated both tubes together in the (~95°C) water bath for two minutes. Then, recorded the results in table 1. 2. Added a few drops of fresh solution A and B separately spaced on a white tile. On each solution, added 1-2 drops of iodine solution and mixed with pen cover. Recorded your observations in the table 1. 3. Pipetted 2 ml solution B into each of four boiling tubes. The tubes were labelled 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively near mouth of tube. Labelled your group name. 4. Placed tubes 1 and 2 in a water bath of ~37°C. 5. Salivated into a small beaker until it reached about 5 ml. 6. At the same time, step (6) and (7) was to be done approximately. Measured out 4 ml of the saliva prepared in step (4) and pipetted 2 ml each into tubes 1 and 4. The contents of the tubes shook well to ensure through mixing. 7. Measured out 4 ml HCL and pipetted 2 ml each into tubes 2 and 3. 8. Let tubes 1, 2, 3,and 4 incubated at their respective temperatures (see Table 2) for 35 minutes from this moment. 9. Labelled 4 more new boiling tubes as follows: 1’, 2’...
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...Comprehension Ted chooses to go to London. He wants to go sightseeing. Read this page from Ted’s guidebook. 1. Can you write a best title for this page? Why? _________________________________________________________________ 2. What kind of transport in Hong Kong is like London’s Tube? _________________________________________________________________ 3. What does “rush hour” mean? _________________________________________________________________ 4. Read line 5: The cheapest way to travel on the Tubes is to buy a travel card. What is a travel card? _________________________________________________________________ 5. Read line 7-8: …. You can see many popular landmarks from the bus window. What are the landmarks? _________________________________________________________________ ----------------------- With London’s underground railway (or “Tube”), you can go to most places in the city. Although it is fast, in rush hour the Tube is often crowded. So it is important to avoid the Tube between 0800 and 0930, and between 1600 and 1830. The cheapest way to travel on the Tube is to buy a travel card. You can also use this on London’s famous red buses. Although traveling by bus is slow, you can see many popular landmarks from the bus window. Travelling by taxi is, of course, the most convenient way to go. Although taxis ae comfortable, they are expensive. Pray that there are no traffic jams...
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...own? Tap to flap was its line to be able to go through the spaces of the tubes from above and below. That game which has a weird looking bird that keeps on making people curse themselves when it got itself bumped with the tubes, is called the Flappy Bird. In May, Dong Nguyen uploaded a new game to the iOS App Store. It was just one of the hundreds of apps added to Apple’s iTunes marketplace each day. Nguyen had created a simple game in which the player controls a funny-looking bird by tapping the screen, and it needed a simple name. He called it Flap Flap, until he realized another app had the same title. Luckily, developing and updating games on the App Store is such a fast, iterative process that he was able to quickly retitle it Flappy Bird. Perhaps you’ve heard of it. This game was very common to most teenagers where in they waste time just to be in high score. It was very viral that became the next Angry Birds and next Temple Run. Months after he released it, Flappy Bird shot to the top of the charts, drawing even more players, which made it even more popular, which drew in even more players. Millions of people were downloading Flappy Bird at its peak, and Nguyen was raking in $50,000 a day from the pop-up ads that appeared during gameplay. The concept of the game is just very simple: You tap the screen to make the bird fly, release to dive down and contrive through the gaps of the green tubes that was styled after those of the Super Mario series. The gaps were appealingly...
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... | | |Na2S (S2-) |B a cloudy black color |G a cloudy black color |L no reactions | |NaOH (OH-) |C a cloudy bubbly brown color |H no reactions |M a milky white color | |Na2S04 (SO42-) |D no reactions |I turned a milky white color |N no reactions | |NaCl (Cl-) |E a milky white color |J turned a milky white color |O no reaction | a. Drag a test tube from the box and place it on the metal test tube stand. You can then click on the bottle of Ag+ ion solution on the shelf to add it to the test tube. b. Click on the Divide button on the edge of the lab bench four times to make four additional test tubes containing Ag+. With one test tube in the metal stand and four others in the blue rack, click on the Na2CO3 Bottle on the reagent shelf and observe what happens in the window at the top left. Record your...
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...Phlebotomy. The first step is to have a requisition from the doctor. Ask the patient to have a seat. Print the labels needed to label the test tubes ordered by doctor. There is some prep work prior to the venipuncture. First you introduce who you are and what you will be doing. Then wash your hands so there sterilized from any kind of germs or infections. Put gloves on get the color tubes needed to run the appropriate test. Tubes come in different colors due to different additives in each color tube. The needle comes in different gauges 21, 22 or a butterfly needle is the most common. Place the tourniquet on the patient’s upper arm. In the mean time you should preparing tools needed for the venipuncture. Get gauze, medical tape, alcohol swabs and attach the adapter to the needle. Now the physical parts of the process, ID your patient, sterilize the antecubital space. Which is the space located at the bend of the elbow. The tourniquet makes the veins in your patients arm raise so you can feel the bulgy and spongy feeling of the vein. They always say “Don’t think it’s a vein just because you can see it” you want to be able to feel the vein. Take the needle remove safety place with bevel up assure the patient there going to feel a pinch. Once you’re in the vein you place the tube inside the adapter you attached to needle. Watch how the tube fills up with blood. There are so many shades that blood comes in from ruby red to a fresh ripe juicy tomato. Make sure you remove the tourniquet...
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...super hot bath. Fill all beakers half-full. Put one on a hot plate; the temperature of the water on the hot plate should not exceed 60C. Put another one on a hot plate; the temperature of water should not exceed 80C. Control the temperature of both hot plates to keep the temperature of water stays at 60C and 80C. 2- Using a graduated cylinder, add 20ml of 1M hydrochloric acid to each of the two test tubes, (all tubes should be the same size) 3- Place one test tube in the room temperature water, one test tube in the hot water bath, one in the ice water bath, and one in the super hot bath; allow the tubes to sit for approximately 5 minutes to reach thermal equilibrium. 4- Obtain a strip of magnesium ribbon (~16cm). Using scissors cut the ribbon into 4.0 strips. Be as precise as possible. 5- Wrap a piece of copper wire around a pencil to make a small ‘cage’ into which the magnesium ribbon will be inserted. The other end of the wire should be long enough so that the wire can hang over the side of the test tube with the cage submerged beneath the liquid level in the test tube. 6- Measure and record the temperature of the room temperature water bath. 7- Fit one piece of magnesium ribbon loosely through the copper wire cage; the magnesium should be snug enough that it doesn’t fall out, but not tightly wrapped around itself or the copper wire. 8- Suspend the copper wire cage with the magnesium in the hydrochloric acid solution in the room temperature water bath...
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...solution Apparatus Boiling tubes, Metal test tube racks, Water bath, 37-40 Degree Celsius, Water bath, 90-95 Degree Celsius, Beaker, Dropper, Wooden Holder Materials Carbohydrate solution A , Carbohydrate solution B , Benedict’s solution , 3 M Hydrochloric acid, 3 M Sodium Hydroxide Procedures 1. Two boiling tubes are filled with 1 ml solution A and 1 ml solution B respectively. 1 ml of Benedict’s solution is added into each test tube. Both tubes are heated together in the hotter (90-95°C) water bath in two minutes. The results are recorded in Table 1. 2. A few drops of fresh solution A and B are spaced separately on a white tile. I2/KI solution (iodine) is added 1-2 drops on each solution. The solution is mixed with a glass rod on the tile. The observations are recorded in the Table 1. 3. 2ml solution B is added into each of four test tubes and the tubes 1, 2, 3, and 4 is labelled respectively with labelling paper near mouth of tube. 4. Tubes 1 and 2 is placed in a water bath of 37°C. 5. A measuring cylinder is salivated till it reached 5ml. 6. 2ml of saliva is added into tubes 1 and 4. The contents of the tubes are shaked well to ensure thorough mixing. 7. 4ml of HCL is measured and 2ml is added into each tube 2 and 3. Boiling tubes 3 and 4 is placed in a water bath which set at 95°C. The boiling tubes 1, 2, 3, and 4 is then incubated at their respective temperature for 35 minutes. 8. 4 more new tubes are labelled with 1’, 2’, 3’ and...
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...It was the strangest thing I had ever seen, with tubes and wires hanging from the ceiling. The room was rather small, like the size of a normal classroom. The walls were pale gray and rusted out. It was dark, but there was a dim light from under the doorway across the room. I had been trapped in this room for hours, and I was chained to a chair. I couldn’t speak, for there was tape over my mouth. It was cold in the room, and every small breeze from under the door made me shiver. I was able to breath from my nose, and each breath made a small, foggy cloud from my nose, which looked like smoke in the darkness. I focused my eyes on the ceiling and discovered that the tubes were wrapped and connected by wires. The wires weren’t like “hanger” wires though. They were more like the wires you find inside your TV when it’s broken. The only sound I could hear was the ticking of a clock. I hadn’t noticed it when I had woken up in this odd place. It was once silent, but now the ticking was louder than before, as if it was in my head. “Tick-tock, tick-tock”, I repeated in my head. I shut my eyes, thinking that I was only in a dream. I sat there for minutes at a time, and when I opened my eyes the place was still the same. I started to worry, but I did not panic. I thought and thought and thought. “What should I do?” I whispered softly to myself. Suddenly, I heard foot steps from outside the door. They were slow, steady foot steps that made a slightly loud thud with every step taken....
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...Gustavo Duran Per#5 Making Dilutions of Concentrated Solutions Purpose: To make dilutions of concentrated solutions and report their concentration in different ways. Hypothesis: I predict that at least one of the tubes will not change color because of the little concentration it has. Materials: Balance, analytical Balance, tabletop milligram weigh paper, 7.6x7.6 cm weigh boat, 3.5”x3.5” Lab scoops cupric sulfate 5-hydrate Tubes, 15 mL, capped Tube racks for 15mL tubes Deionized water Permanent lab marker pens Tubes, glass, 13x100mm Peg racks for 13x100 mm tubes pipets, 5mL pipet pump, green Spectrophotometer, spectronic 20 D+ Procedure: ● In matrixes similar to those shown in table 3.21 and 3.22, record all your calculations and diagrams. Confirm your calculations with another person’s calculations before you begin. Draw a diagram to show how each sample is diluted. Use the equation to make the calculations. Be sure to make the columns te appropriate width for the material they will contain. ● Label all tubes with the name and concentration of the sample, your initials, and the date. Table 3.21 Dilutions of the 300x stock CuSO4 volume to be made (mL) concentration to be made (x) 5 150x 7 30x 5 15x 5 3x 4 Calculations Volume of stock to use Solution preparation diagram 1x 1. Prepare 25mL of 300-mg/mL CuSO4 solution. Mix well. Do not use previously made solutions. consider this a 300x...
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...performance? Will it affect motivation and therefore performance? Help each other out here. The objectives of the PEP are to propose a plan for initiate the assembly process associate with the new line of LDTC radiation tubes, and reform the current assembly processes in the NTAD. The PEP has definitely positive influence on the Assembly process, which will expand capacity by 50% in the nuclear tube operations. However, some stages of the PEP underestimated the NTAR workers, and the Long's effort. As a result, it will decrease the existing Assembly worker's performance. One of the important factors of the proposal is to create process specifications for the nuclear tube operations, which Long strong disagree. Long prefers to use the production standards just as a guide for the employees. However, the PEP will rewrite and reform the process specifications on existing operations. After that, the PEP needs to enforce new standards into the work process. In addition, the proposal requires that Singer approve monitoring, evaluating, and documenting any deviations or changes. It will discourage the problem solving in the workplace. Also, it might hinder the employees' enthusiasm to create solution for the issues. Secondly, the plan will change the arrangements of the tube assembly operation. In addition to pilot process, the proposal is going to hire four new assembly operators with higher pay. The four new operators are unfamiliar with the existing workers, and training the...
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