...Lausanne: Through the enforcement of the treaty, the state of peace was to be restored between the British Empire and its Allies (High Agreement/High Trust) and Turkey which is the Opposition (Low Agreement/High Trust). Diplomatic ties would resume between both the sides and diplomatic and counselor level representatives of both sides would be treated in accordance to the rulings of international law. The agreement drawn up for the Treaty of Lausanne was divided into five parts. The following are the parts in which the treaty has been divided: * Part I - Political Clauses * Part II – Financial Clauses * Part III – Economic Clauses * Part IV – Communications and Sanitary Questions * Part V – Miscellaneous Provisions Part I – Political Clauses Section 1 that is the Territorial Clauses described the boundaries/frontiers between Turkey and other states. Article 2 states the frontier of Turkey with Bulgaria and Greece, while the third article defines the boundaries of Turkey with Syria and Iraq. The major purpose of all these territorial clauses is to highlight the boundaries of Turkey and several adjoining states. These clauses set an outline for the process of developing the frontiers and the establishing procedures in case any conflict occurs. Article 16 is most important for the fact that it states “Turkey hereby renounces all rights and title whatsoever over or respecting the territories situated outside the frontiers laid down in the present Treaty and the...
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...Project Paper 5 Turkey Country and Research Areas Report Final Version, 2010-09-28 Responsible institution: Koç University University of Antwerp Authors: Deniz Karcı Korfalı Ayşen Üstübici Helene De Clerck With the collaboration of Ahmet İçduygu, Deniz Sert, Zeynep Özler and Chris Timmerman Contents Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 3 Country Background ............................................................................................................... 4 An Overview......................................................................................................................... 4 Geography in General ........................................................................................................ 4 Demography ...................................................................................................................... 6 Political Environment and Administration ........................................................................... 7 Economy ............................................................................................................................ 8 Health care......................................................................................................................... 9 Education ..........................................................................................................................10 Historical...
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...Turkish and Kurdish Fertility in Turkey: New Statistical Evidence for Convergence Word Count: 3,528 Number of Tables: 5 Number of Figures: 4 Running Head: Turkish and Kurdish Fertility in Turkey Abstract The purpose of this quantitative study was to present and discuss statistical evidence for the convergence of Turkish and Kurdish fertility rates in the Republic of Turkey. Linear regression and other statistical methods were utilized in order to illustrate convergence, which was theorized as (a) resulting from the delayed exposure of Turkey’s Kurds to the dynamics of modernization and (b) providing compelling evidence against the claim that Turks and Kurds belong to fundamentally different demographic regimes. One important form of divergence between these populations—bride’s age at first marriage—was acknowledged and related to a potential change in sexual economics among Turkish Kurds. Keywords: Turkish fertility; Kurdish fertility; Turkish fertility transition Turkish and Kurdish Fertility in Turkey: New Statistical Evidence for Convergence Introduction Although the overall fertility rate for Turkey has declined precipitously as part of the country’s demographic transition, perhaps the earliest in the Muslim Middle East (Angin & Shorter, 1998), there is a well-documented disparity between the fertility rates of ethnic Turkish and ethnic Kurdish women in Turkey (Işık & Pınarcıoğlu, 2006; Yüceşahin...
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...THE ALEVI COMMUNITY IN TURKEY AFTER 1980: AN EVALUATION OF POLITICAL GROUP BOUNDARIES IN THE CONTEXT OF ETHNICITY THEORIES A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF THE MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY ALİ MURAT İRAT IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN THE DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION APRIL 2006 Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences Prof. Dr. Sencer Ayata Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as thesis for the degree of Master of Science. Prof. Dr. Feride Acar Head of Department This is to certify that we read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Pınar Akçalı Supervisor Examining Committee Members Prof. Dr. Ayşe Ayata Assoc. Prof. Dr. Pınar Akçalı Assist. Prof. Dr. Aykan Erdemir (METU-ADM) (METU-ADM) (METU-SOC) I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name: Ali Murat İrat Signature : iii ABSTRACT THE ALEVI COMMUNITY IN TURKEY AFTER 1980: AN EVALUATION OF POLITICAL GROUP BOUNDARIES IN THE CONTEXT OF ETHNICITY THEORIES ...
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...Country Analysis Economics Like many Eurasian states, Turkey struggles to find a balance between new capitalistic markets consuming its larger cities and the agricultural sector of its economy that still accounts for 25.5 percent of employment. Its influence in the global market has been slim; however, technology and automobile markets are growing significantly and have helped raise real GDP by over five percent per year. Turkey’s main priority is to maintain the stability of growth in GDP and reduction in inflation (“Turkey”). Since the 1980s, Turkey has struggled to reform its economic policy through the ups and downs of military coupes and competing government parties. Turgut Ozal, finance minister at the time, is responsible for Turkey’s economic reforms. Ozal focused on the reliance of market forces; he devalued the Turkish lira, reduced exchange rates, increased incentives for exports, increased the price of goods produced by public sector companies, and abolished price controls (Rivlin, 212). The policy was successful, driving down inflation and increasing GDP. By the mid-eighties, however, inflation rates skyrocketed due to outside spending that increased national debt, an increase in unemployment rates, and unstable trade agreements (213). Throughout the next decade, the rollercoaster of inflation and increased debt continued to plague Turkey’s economy. A 1989 reform allowed capital movements in and out of the country and high interest rates encouraged investment...
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...published report and company long term strategy from annual report. I suggest for company has to invest into countries ensuring demand in the future and developing. As well it is important to evaluate possibility to expand further in terms of country development in size and going to other regions. X is mostly acting in Europe and I think that company has to search for investment opportunities inside Europe. Turkey is as important as the BRIC countries in terms of its vast potentials and I have selected Turkey as country to invest. X can use Turkey in three selected directions: 1. Market with huge potential at the moment and bigger in the future; 2. Production capacities; 3. A bridge for further development to other East countries. Bellow I will list reason to go for and few risks company has to take into account. Macroeconomics reasons: GDP growth. Turkey will have one of biggest GDP growth in short term and long term compared to Emerging Europe and CEE. Economy size. Currently Turkey is biggest in CEE in population, which leads to No. 16 by GDP (PPP) in US Dollars. Turkey intends to become one of the top 10 economies of the world by 2023 Rank Country GDP (PPP) $Billion 1 United States 15,653 2 China 12,383 3 India 4,711 4 Japan 4,617 5 Germany 3,194 6 Russia 2,512 7 Brazil 2,366 8 United Kingdom 2,316 9 France 2,253 10 Italy 1,834 11 Mexico 1,758 12 South Korea 1,622 13 Canada 1,446 14 Spain 1,407 15...
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...Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye), known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( Türkiye Cumhuriyeti (help·info)), is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia (mostly in the Anatolian peninsula) and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhchivan) and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea is to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between East Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia.[8] Turkey is one of the six independent Turkic states. The vast majority of the population are Muslims.[9] The country's official language is Turkish, whereas Kurdish and Zazaki languages are spoken by Kurds and Zazas, who constitute 18% of the population.[10] Oghuz Turks began migrating into the area now called Turkey (derived from the Medieval Latin Turchia, i.e. "Land of the Turks") in the 11th century. The process was greatly accelerated by the Seljuk victory over the Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikert.[11] Several small beyliks and the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm ruled Anatolia until the Mongol invasion. Starting from the 13th century, the Ottoman beylik united Anatolia and created an empire encompassing much of Southeastern...
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...Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (May 19, 1881 – November 10, 1938) was an army officer, revolutionary statesman, and founder of the Republic of Turkey as well as its first President. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was born in the Ottoman city of Salonika in the spring of 1881.He graduated from the War Academy on January 11, 1905.Mustafa Kemal established himself as an intelligent and extremely capable military commander while serving as a division commander at the Battle of Gallipoli. He later fought with distinction on the eastern Anatolian and Palestinian fronts, making a name for himself during World War I. Mustafa Kemal led the Turkish national movement in what would become the Turkish War of Independence. Having established a provisional government in Ankara, he defeated the forces sent by the Entente powers. His successful military campaigns led to the liberation of the country and to the establishment of the Republic of Turkey. The purpose of this paper is to examine to extent to which Mustafa Kemal was an effective military leader. Leadership behavior; The study of the actions, or behaviors, that define a leader is known as behavioral leadership. First developed by Robert Blake and Jane Mouton in 1964, this theoretical approach to understanding leaders creates categories of styles, which are aligned with the actions the leader may take, or the methods they use to reach their goals. In the following paragraphs, I will give a example of Mustafa Kemal’s leadership behavior. Mustafa...
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...Culture is what makes a society; what makes the diversity and uniqueness of the world we live in. Greece is a country of a great interests and diverse cultures. The Greeks are particularly proud of their culture and speak of their country with an intense passion, feeling that their Greek culture is a definition of their national and ethnic belonging. Traditions, religion, music, language, food and wines are the major composites of the Greek culture. Greek culture began in Greece located in the southeastern region of the European continent, on the far southern edge of the Balkan Peninsula. The country is well known for the thousands of islands. It is surrounded by mountains and in the north by water. The mountains, which surrounded Greece, gave them the advantage of being well protected. The Ionian and the Aegean seas, together with natural islands and bays, gave the Greeks the opportunity to develop their high level of commerce and their rich culture. They relied on the Aegean Sea for trade and supplies. The Greeks were introduced to many other cultures and they were exposed to western benefits of agriculture and various techniques of metalwork. In addition, they shared their culture with other countries as well. Western culture has learned a lot from the Greeks. Greece is one of the oldest civilizations in the world and the cradle of Western culture as we know it. The Greeks’ have made countless contributions that have made Greek Culture a part of western society in the areas...
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...1. Where was the Persian Empire located? The Persian empire was spread across the three continents Africa, Asia and Europe; including countries: Libya, Egypt, Africa, Macedonia, Thrace of Europe, Babylonia and Syria. 2. Who were the Achaemenids? The Achaemeids were the royal family of the Persian Empire. 3. Name the Persian Kings and their contribution to the expansion of the Persian empire. (Table) Kings | | Cyrus | 559-530 BC- He added countries such as Medina and Lydia (and more) | Cambyses | 530-486 BC -Cambyses added Egypt into the Persian Empire. | Darius | 522-486BC Gandhara, India, Thrace. | Xerxes | 486-465BC- led 2nd Persian Invasion of Greece | Artaxerxies | 465-424BC | Daruis 2 | 424-404 BC | Artaxerxes 2 | 404-358 BC | Artaxerxes 3 | 358-337 BC | 4. Who were the Ionian Greeks of Asia Minor? The Ionians were the Greek settlers which established colonies in western Asia Minor before 1000 BC 5. What were ‘tyrants’? Leaders who had overturned an existing regime. 6. Outline the cause of the Ionian revolt? Ancient Historian Herodotus states one reason behind the Ionian Revolt was that the king of Persia, King Darius gave Persian worker Histaeus a piece of ………. To own. Darius then took back the land, and sentenced Histeaus to imprisonment although the reason why is unknown. The son of Histeaus, Aristagoras then approaches Naxos (powerful leaders). Together they went to Darius, however the Persians were warned and saw them coming...
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...amount of meat. I didn’t learn anything new about my preferences because I knew that meat and amount of it are most important thing for me . The answers are similarly same between the answers I gave in the survey and in the class. 2. Based on (a) and your experience with the survey in the last session, what do you consider the strengths and weaknesses of surveys and of conjoint analysis to assert consumer preferences and buying intentions? * First of all, seems in survey didnt actually match with the information given. People can confused when saw the picture of pizza because it didnt seem as the information especially for the amounts of toppics. Also meat is the most valuable toppic in pizza for Turkey but also kinds of meat is very important. People in Turkey generally prefer salami and especially pepperoni. Because of this issues, survey has to be need more detail for the kinds of meat. Price difference for a little amount does not influence the choice of people unlikely for the amount of topping. 3. If a pizza place would give you a TL1,000...
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...rule has varied much through the ages, and, as a result, the history of Greece is similarly elastic in what it includes. Each era has its own related sphere of interest. The first tribes known later as Mycenaeans are generally thought to have arrived in the Greek mainland between the late 3rd and the first half of the 2nd millennium BC probably between 1900 and 1600 BC. When the Mycenaeans invaded, the area was inhabited by various non Greek speaking, indigenous pre Greek people who practiced agriculture as they had done since the 7th millennium BC. At its geographical peak, Greek civilization spread from Greece to Egypt and to the Hindu Kush mountains in Afghanistan. Since then, Greek minorities have remained in former Greek territories Turkey, Albania, Italy, and Libya, Levant, Armenia, Georgia, and Greek emigrants have assimilated into differing societies across the globe North America, Australia, Northern Europe, South Africa. Now days most Greeks live in the modern state of Greece Independent since 1821 and Cyprus. The Neolithic Revolution reached Europe by way of Greece and the Balkans, beginning in the 10th millennium BC. Some Neolithic communities in southeastern Europe, such as Sesklo in Greece were living in heavily fortified settlements of 3,000–4,000 people. The Greek Neolithic era ended with the arrival of the Bronze Age from Anatolia and the Near East, by the end of the 28th century BC early Helladic period. In about 2100 BC, the Proto Indo-Europeans over ran the...
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...350 Bulk 7 5200 15000 25 11150 30000 Machine Capacity ( Kg ) Brand Name No. of Machine. Country of Origin Dilmenler 2 Dilmenler 1 700 Dilmenler 1 525 Dilmenler 1 350 Dilmenler 1 175 Dilmenler 1 10 Dilmenler 5 50 Dilmenler 4 30 Bangla 1 Bangladesh 70 Unit : 02 Bulk Machine Capacity (Kg) 5600 1050 Unit : 01 No. of Dyeing Machine 7 1400 Dyeing Unit Bangla 1 Bangladesh Brand Name No. of Machine. Country of Origin Remarks Turkey All are high temperature & high pressure. Type of Machine Grand Total Production / Day (Kg) 15000 Remarks All are high temperature & high pressure. DYEING UNIT-1 Type of Machine Bulk Dyeing Machine Sample Dyeing Machine Remarks All are high temperature & high pressure. Turkey High temperature & high pressure. Atmospheric DYEING UNIT-2 Type of Machine Machine Capacity ( Kg ) 1200 1 Dilmenler 2 800 Dilmenler 1 600 Dilmenler 1 400 Dilmenler 1 200 Bulk Dyeing Machine Dilmenler 1000 Dilmenler 1 CONTACT Md.Harun-Or-Rashid DGM Dyeing Cell:01712160578 Email- info@nz-bd.com www.nz-bd.com Document: MIS Page 1 DYEING PRODUCTION PROFILE DYEING FINISHING UNIT-1 Finish Type No. of Machine. Country of Origin Capacity / Day Bianco 1 Italy 6 Ton. Tensionless...
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...1. The Emergence of Civilization, How many aspects are defining the concept of Civilization? Early human beings formed small groups and developed a simple culture that enabled them to survive. As human societies grew and developed greater complexity, civilization came into being. A civilization is a complex culture in which large numbers of people share a variety of common elements. Concepts of civilization : 1. Urban focus 2. New political and military structures 3. A new social structure based on economic power 4.The development of more complexity in a material sense. 5. A distinct religious structure 6. The development of writing. 7. New and significant artistic and intellectual activity The first civilization were developed in Mesopotamia and Egypt. 2. What does mean “The Neolithic Revolution” and when does it started and where spread? The end of the last ice age around 10,000 B.C.E. was followed by what is called the Neolithic Revolution, a significant change in living patterns that occurred in the New Stone Age (the word Neolithic is Greek for ‘‘new stone’’). The biggest change was the shift from hunting animals and gathering plants for sustenance (food gathering) to producing food by systematic agriculture (food production). Systematic agriculture developed independently in different areas of the world between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E. From the Middle East, farming spread into southeastern Europe and by 4000 B.C.E. was well established in...
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...office raids of his acquaintances. “The crisis has damaged Turkey’s already troubled economy (Arango, 2014)”. Countries have now looked at the government as somewhat untrustworthy and not capable of continuing current businesses. In February, citizens of the country protested and chanted for the government to resign. This only left the country in more turmoil and curious of whom would be elected in the upcoming March elections. By 45% popular vote, Erdogan was the winner however it is still unclear of what could come of Turkey’s economy. Under Erdogan, Turkey has thrived on a decade of solidity and wealth. Erdogan has promised a sound macroeconomic policy, backed originally by the International Monetary Fund and later by financial markets. He has also entertained the prospect of joining the European Union, in which membership negotiations were opened in October 2005. With him elected into office again, Turkey now has a risk of losing both. The country has...
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