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Tv Portrayal of 1950s Housewives vs Today

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TELEVISION PORTRAYALS OF HOUSEWIVES
IN THE 1950s VERSUS TODAY:
I Love Lucy vs.
Desperate Housewives

The 1950s housewife was the epitome of a woman. She had poise and grace and cared for her family more than having a career. She had a smile on her face, dinner on the table, and her child always used please and thank you. At least on TV. Fast forward 50 years and much has changed in our history and the way that women are portrayed on television. With women no longer expected to give up their careers in order to raise a family, working moms are represented more with each passing decade. Two television shows that can be examined to explore the difference in television’s portrayal of housewives are I Love Lucy from the 1950s and Desperate Housewives from the 2000s. While the shows premiered more than a half a century apart, there are many similarities in the shows. And that’s not on accident.
After World War II ended, men came home and families started growing and prospering, able to buy things they had to go without during the rough wartimes. With servicemen home and the baby boom well underway, women were expected to reclaim their dominance over the home, while their husband’s reclaimed dominance over them.1 Housewives were to be seen more than heard, all while keeping a smiling on their face. No one talked about their problems, because they didn’t really have any. The white picket fence was always perfect and no one ever raised their voice or drank too much, at least on the outside. The rapid expansion of TV sets entering homes for the first time propelled the creation of programming to fill the television screen. The motto of the decade was happiness and perfection. Thus, I Love Lucy was born.
I Love Lucy is an American sitcom that was first broadcasted on October 15th, 1951 on CBS. I Love Lucy was loosely based off of the real lives of stars Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz. I Love Lucy was the most watched television show in America in four of its six seasons and is commonly regarded as one of the most successful TV shows of all time. 2 Lucy is a true 1950s New York City housewife, as she does not have a job and stays home all day. In the first season of I Love Lucy, Lucy and her husband, Ricky, do not have any children. This gives Lucy the opportunity to keep busy doing other things that make for good television, such as trying to break into showbiz. Ricky, a Cuban American bandleader, spends most of his nights at a nightclub, Club Tropicana. Lucy and Ricky Ricardo become best friends with their landlords Ethel and Fred Mertz. The Mertz couple is much older than Lucy and Ricky and serves as an older, wiser source of comedy and insight for the show. I Love Lucy ran for six seasons, from 1951 to 1957. After the show ended in 1957, a modified version continued for three more seasons with 13 one-hour specials, running from 1957 to 1960, known first as The Lucille Ball-Desi Arnaz Show and later in reruns as The Lucy–Desi Comedy Hour.
Over 50 years passed before a new primetime drama would air on ABC depicting housewives once again. In that time span much happened in history to change the gender climate and ultimately effect the definition of a “housewife.” In the 1970s the feminist movement led women to seek fulfillment outside of the household and women went back to work.3 With this shift, the role of the “housewife” became outdated and undesirable, and because of that, there was a significant decline in the number of housewives portrayed on television.4 The modern woman could do everything herself and didn’t need a man to help her and television followed in that direction. Television shows started portraying women as having careers, but most shows still misrepresent the careers that the modern woman had.5 TV also misrepresented the amount of time the modern woman devotes to her career, although that is an aspect of many shows, regardless of gender. While the urban female generation is running towards their dream jobs and away from minivans and soccer balls, there is a suburban exception to the rule: and that’s where Desperate Housewives come in.
Desperate Housewives is an American comedy-drama that was first broadcasted on ABC on October 3, 2004. Desperate Housewives follows the lives of a group of women who live on Wisteria Lane, a fictional street in the fictional American town of Fairview in the fictional Eagle State.6 The all female ensemble includes Teri Hatcher as Susan Mayer, Felicity Huffman as Lynette Scavo, Marcia Cross as Bree Van de Kamp, and Eva Longoria as Gabrielle Solis. Brenda Strong narrates the show as the deceased Mary Alice Young, a housewife who committed suicide in the pilot episode. The show works through every day domestic struggles and family life, all while exposing the secrets, crimes and mysteries hidden behind the doors of their seemingly beautiful and perfect suburban neighborhood. None of the women on Desperate Housewives have a job. In the first episodes of the show it is explained that Lynette used to be a career woman but gave it up to have children and struggles with that decision much of the season. The pilot episode also explains that Gabrielle used to be a model before she married her husband, Carlos, and moved to Wisteria Lane, that Susan is divorced from her husband and lives with her daughter, and that Bree most resembles the life of a 1950s housewife, although her family is slowly falling apart.7 While the 50 years that span the time gap between the broadcasts of I Love Lucy and Desperate Housewives do play a major factor in the differences of the television shows, there are also many similarities in the two shows which make them easily relatable. It all comes down to image.
The biggest contrast between the two television shows I Love Lucy and Desperate Housewives lies in the production. I Love Lucy aired in a 30-minute time slot, meaning that every episode only featured approximately 24 minutes of content. This left little time for a script to establish a problem, reach a climax and then settle into a resolution before the happy ending. Many shows in the 1950s followed this ideology that each episode stood alone in the sense that the story lines did not run through multiple episodes.8 Every episode can stand alone and can be watched and appreciate on it’s own, with no background information really needed. In a interview with Barbara Walters, Lucille Ball opened up about her years on I Love Lucy, confessing that she believed that the American audience members needed to be shown a happy ending and that is what they tried to provide on episodes of I Love Lucy.9 In contrast, Desperate Housewives aired in an hour time slot, giving each episode approximately 43 minutes of content per episode. The 20 extra minutes that Desperate Housewives received really gave the series the depth to create conflicts and story lines that crossed episode lines. The pilot episode of Desperate Housewives opens with one of the housewives, Mary Alice, committing suicide.10 The rest of the first season continues to unravel pieces of the puzzle of Mary Alice’s suicide and in the first season finale, the closure of her suicide is finally reached.11
There are 180 episodes of both I Love Lucy and Desperate Housewives, with 35 episodes in season one of I Love Lucy and 23 episodes in the first season of Desperate Housewives. The fact that there are more episodes in the first season of I Love Lucy but the 23 episodes in the first season of Desperate Housewives are much more developed plot wise is interesting to note. Much of that fact can be attributed to the simple fact that television has evolved greatly over the span of 50 years. There is also the idea that the 1950s presentation of housewives on TV was supposed to stay light, comedic and funny, which is why the only conflicts that are created are ones that can easily be solved in 24 minutes and long forgotten by the time next week’s episode rolls around.
Although Lucy was portrayed as a housewife, in many ways she does not exemplify the image of the 1950s housewife. She does not have any children in the first season, so she spends most of her time giving her husband Ricky a hard time and trying to become famous. In the second season Lucy has a child, Ricky Jr. which coincided with the real life birth of Lucy’s son.12 Television in the 1950s starting promoting programming that portrayed a housewife as a woman surrounded with perfection: perfect house, perfect husband, perfect children.13 In many ways, the comedy of I Love Lucy and the slight unorthodox feel to the show defied that image and ultimately lead to it’s success. Most of the episodes in the first season of I Love Lucy involve Lucy getting into trouble, although she usually has good intentions. One example is in the fourth episode of the first season, Lucy Thinks Ricky Is Trying To Murder Her, Lucy is reading a murder mystery and Ethel comes over and tells Lucy she can read her future via playing cards. Ethel tells Lucy the cards say that Lucy is going to die and Lucy thinks Ricky is going to kill her. She decides that she is going to try to kill Ricky first and takes a prop gun down to Club Tropicana to shoot Ricky. The episode ends with Lucy realizing Ricky never wanted to kill her and them making up.14 In the post-war era, American people wanted to laugh and that’s what I Love Lucy gave to viewers. No doubt, the show left men laughing at Lucy’s quirkiness and thankful that their wives were less of a handful than Lucy.
In Desperate Housewives, Bree Van de Kamp is essentially the stereotypical 1950s housewife that Lucy Ricardo isn’t. Bree has two children and a husband, who on the outside, appear to live a quiet, perfect suburban life. After Mary Alice dies in the pilot episode, Bree takes over, baking for Mary Alice’s husband and child she left behind and hosting events at her home. Slowly as the plot starts to develop as the episodes continue on, the viewer realizes that although the Van de Kamp’s live a seemingly perfect life, Bree’s children resent the façade of perfection and her husband moves out and wants a divorce.15 Bree’s character represents an idealistic view of what domesticity looks like and what a housewife should act like. While the other housewives are receptive to Bree and spend time with her, they are completely unaware of the problems under the surface, which is exactly the way Bree and every other 1950s-inspired housewife wants it.
Another contrast to the 1950s housewife image is the modern portrayal of a housewife. The modern housewife is the essence of the Desperate Housewives character of Susan Mayer, who is not married. As the decades passed from the 1950s, divorce rates steadily climbed, it became important to represent the divorced woman on TV, while still calling her a housewife. With the entrance of the new 2000 generation came the rise of the independent woman who could still find suburban happiness: with or without the man.16 You can find this TV woman on almost any television network these days, but this woman could not be found in the 1950s television world. A woman like this in the 1950s would have been viewed down upon for not being married. In the pilot episode of Desperate Housewives, the audience learns that Susan is divorced and her ex-husband left her for a younger woman. Susan meets the new neighbor, Mike Delfino, who Susan works most of the season to win over.17 In the third episode of the first season Susan talks to her ex-husband about how he is late paying child support, but it is apparent throughout the season that Susan herself does not work.18 In the second to last episode of the season, Goodbye for Now, Susan and Mike move in together, finally giving Susan the more conventional definition of a housewife.19 Over the past 50 years television has portrayed housewives in many different lights. According to Glenna Matthews in her book “Just A Housewife”: The Rise and Fall of Domesticity in America, the nineteenth century was the “golden age of domesticity” and that time period as an “epic [role] in which the home provided a touchstone of values for reforming the entire society.” 20 The quirky, comedic Lucy of I Love Lucy offered a refreshing take on the stereotypical 1950s housewife, which helped propel an ideal that ultimately helped shaped characters such as Susan, Bree, Lynette and Gabriella on Desperate Housewives. While there is much history that explains the change in the way TV portrays housewives in the 2000s versus the 1950s, in many ways the ideals that were promoted in the 1950s can still be seen in 2000s housewives. The feminist movement of the 1960s and 1970s led to the decline of the stay at home housewife and the rise of the independent woman.
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While that shift has been represented well on TV, there are still many TV shows where women’s careers are misrepresented.21 Ultimately, while television has moved with the progressive flow, TV moms are still represented in some situations with a 1950s undertone. No matter what the time period, it seems TV agenda is to show that a good housewife and mother always is a good wife, has the laundry and dinner done by the end of the day and helps her children with their homework. I Love Lucy and Desperate Housewives are two television shows that show an interesting slice of how the media has chosen to portray housewives over the past five decades. Both shows had top ratings and were the most watched shows during the time they were aired. In many ways I Love Lucy was ahead of the curve in its portrayal of housewives, especially since in the first season Lucy does not have any children to raise, while the first season of Desperate Housewives feels reminiscing of an older time when women didn’t work and raised their families together. Either way, the definition of a housewife today seems to be eerily similar to what it was 50 years ago.
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1 Young, William H. The 1950s. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2004. E169.12.Y69 2004 (accessed November 1, 2012).
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3 Young, William H. The 1950s. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2004. E169.12.Y69 2004 (accessed November 1, 2012).
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8 Marling, Karal Ann. As Seen on TV: The Visual Culture of Everyday Life in the 1950s. Boston: The Presidents and Fellows of Harvard College, 1994. Call number E169.02.M3534 (accessed October 16, 2012).
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10 Desperate Housewives. “Pilot.” Netflix, 43:00. October 3, 2004. https://movies.netflix.com/WiMovie/Desperate_Housewives/70136116?locale=en-US
11 Desperate Housewives. “One Wonderful Day.” Netflix, 43:00. May 22, 2005. https://movies.netflix.com/WiMovie/Desperate_Housewives/70136116?locale=en-US
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14 I Love Lucy. “Lucy Thinks Ricky Is Trying To Murder Her.” Xfinity TV, 24:00. November 5, 1951. http://xfinitytv.comcast.net/watch/I-Love-Lucy/8580340462745885112/full-episodes#Season1
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15 Desperate Housewives. “Ah, But Underneath.” Netflix, 43:00. October 10, 2004. https://movies.netflix.com/WiMovie/Desperate_Housewives/70136116?locale=en-US
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19 Desperate Housewives. “Goodbye for Now.” Netflix, 43:00. May 15, 2005. https://movies.netflix.com/WiMovie/Desperate_Housewives/70136116?locale=en-US
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November 7, 2004. https://movies.netflix.com/WiMovie/Desperate_Housewives/70136116?locale=en-US 8. Desperate Housewives. “Anything You Can Do.” Netflix, 43:00. November 21, 2004. https://movies.netflix.com/WiMovie/Desperate_Housewives/70136116?locale=en-US 9. Desperate Housewives. “Guilty.” Netflix, 43:00. November 28, 2004. https://movies.netflix.com/WiMovie/Desperate_Housewives/70136116?locale=en-US 10. Desperate Housewives. “Suspicious Minds.” Netflix, 43:00. December 12, 2004. https://movies.netflix.com/WiMovie/Desperate_Housewives/70136116?locale=en-US 11. Desperate Housewives. “Come Back to Me.” Netflix, 43:00. December 19, 2004. https://movies.netflix.com/WiMovie/Desperate_Housewives/70136116?locale=en-US 12. Desperate Housewives. “Move On.” Netflix, 43:00. January 9, 2005. https://movies.netflix.com/WiMovie/Desperate_Housewives/70136116?locale=en-US 13. Desperate Housewives. “Every Day a Little Death.” Netflix, 43:00. January 16, 2005. https://movies.netflix.com/WiMovie/Desperate_Housewives/70136116?locale=en-US 14. Desperate Housewives. “Your Fault.” Netflix, 43:00. January 23, 2005. https://movies.netflix.com/WiMovie/Desperate_Housewives/70136116?locale=en-US 15. Desperate Housewives. “Love is in the Air.” Netflix, 43:00. February 13, 2005. https://movies.netflix.com/WiMovie/Desperate_Housewives/70136116?locale=en-US 16. Desperate Housewives. “Impossible.” Netflix, 43:00. February 20, 2005. https://movies.netflix.com/WiMovie/Desperate_Housewives/70136116?locale=en-US 17. Desperate Housewives. “The Ladies Who Lunch” Netflix, 43:00. March 27, 2005. https://movies.netflix.com/WiMovie/Desperate_Housewives/70136116?locale=en-US 18. Desperate Housewives. “There Won’t Be Trumpets.” Netflix, 43:00. April 3, 2005. https://movies.netflix.com/WiMovie/Desperate_Housewives/70136116?locale=en-US 19. Desperate Housewives. “Children Will Listen.” Netflix, 43:00. April 10, 2005. https://movies.netflix.com/WiMovie/Desperate_Housewives/70136116?locale=en-US 20. Desperate Housewives. “Live Alone and Like It.” Netflix, 43:00. April 17, 2005. https://movies.netflix.com/WiMovie/Desperate_Housewives/70136116?locale=en-US 21. Desperate Housewives. “Fear No More.” Netflix, 43:00. May 1, 2005. https://movies.netflix.com/WiMovie/Desperate_Housewives/70136116?locale=en-US 22. Desperate Housewives. “Sunday in the Park with Georgia.” Netflix, 43:00. May 8, 2005. https://movies.netflix.com/WiMovie/Desperate_Housewives/70136116?locale=en-US 23. Desperate Housewives. “Goodbye for Now.” Netflix, 43:00. May 15, 2005. https://movies.netflix.com/WiMovie/Desperate_Housewives/70136116?locale=en-US 24. Desperate Housewives. “One Wonderful Day.” Netflix, 43:00. May 22, 2005. https://movies.netflix.com/WiMovie/Desperate_Housewives/70136116?locale=en-US 25. I Love Lucy. “The Girls Want To Go To A Nightclub.” Xfinity TV, 24:00. October 15, 1951. http://xfinitytv.comcast.net/watch/I-Love-Lucy/8580340462745885112/full-episodes#Season1 26. I Love Lucy. “Be a Pal.” Xfinity TV, 24:00. October 22, 1951. http://xfinitytv.comcast.net/watch/I-Love-Lucy/8580340462745885112/full-episodes#Season1 27. I Love Lucy. “The Diet.” Xfinity TV, 24:00. October 29, 1951. http://xfinitytv.comcast.net/watch/I-Love-Lucy/8580340462745885112/full-episodes#Season1 28. I Love Lucy. “Lucy Thinks Ricky Is Trying To Murder Her.” Xfinity TV, 24:00. November 5, 1951. http://xfinitytv.comcast.net/watch/I-Love-Lucy/8580340462745885112/full-episodes#Season1 29. I Love Lucy. “The Quiz Show.” Xfinity TV, 24:00. November 12, 1951. http://xfinitytv.comcast.net/watch/I-Love-Lucy/8580340462745885112/full-episodes#Season1 30. I Love Lucy. “The Audition.” Xfinity TV, 24:00. November 19, 1951. http://xfinitytv.comcast.net/watch/I-Love-Lucy/8580340462745885112/full-episodes#Season1 31. I Love Lucy. “The Séance.” Xfinity TV, 24:00. November 26, 1951. http://xfinitytv.comcast.net/watch/I-Love-Lucy/8580340462745885112/full-episodes#Season1 32. I Love Lucy. “Men Are Messy.” Xfinity TV, 24:00. December 3, 1951. http://xfinitytv.comcast.net/watch/I-Love-Lucy/8580340462745885112/full-episodes#Season1 33. I Love Lucy. “The Fur Coat.” Xfinity TV, 24:00. December 10, 1951. http://xfinitytv.comcast.net/watch/I-Love-Lucy/8580340462745885112/full-episodes#Season1 34. I Love Lucy. “Lucy Is Jealous of Girl Singer” Xfinity TV, 24:00. December 17, 1951. http://xfinitytv.comcast.net/watch/I-Love-Lucy/8580340462745885112/full-episodes#Season1 35. I Love Lucy. “Drafted.” Xfinity TV, 24:00. December 24, 1951. http://xfinitytv.comcast.net/watch/I-Love-Lucy/8580340462745885112/full-episodes#Season1 36. I Love Lucy. “The Adiago.” Xfinity TV, 24:00. December 31, 1951. http://xfinitytv.comcast.net/watch/I-Love-Lucy/8580340462745885112/full-episodes#Season1 37. I Love Lucy. “The Benefit.” Xfinity TV, 24:00. January 7, 1952. http://xfinitytv.comcast.net/watch/I-Love-Lucy/8580340462745885112/full-episodes#Season1 38. I Love Lucy. “The Amateur Hour.” Xfinity TV, 24:00. January 14, 1952. http://xfinitytv.comcast.net/watch/I-Love-Lucy/8580340462745885112/full-episodes#Season1 39. I Love Lucy. “Lucy Plays Cupid.” Xfinity TV, 24:00. January 21, 1952. http://xfinitytv.comcast.net/watch/I-Love-Lucy/8580340462745885112/full-episodes#Season1 40. I Love Lucy. “Lucy Fakes Illness.” Xfinity TV, 24:00. January 28, 1952. http://xfinitytv.comcast.net/watch/I-Love-Lucy/8580340462745885112/full-episodes#Season1 41. I Love Lucy. “Lucy Writes A Play.” Xfinity TV, 24:00. February 4, 1952. http://xfinitytv.comcast.net/watch/I-Love-Lucy/8580340462745885112/full-episodes#Season1 42. I Love Lucy. “Breaking The Lease.” Xfinity TV, 24:00. February 11, 1952. http://xfinitytv.comcast.net/watch/I-Love-Lucy/8580340462745885112/full-episodes#Season1 43. I Love Lucy. “The Ballet.” Xfinity TV, 24:00. February 18, 1952. http://xfinitytv.comcast.net/watch/I-Love-Lucy/8580340462745885112/full-episodes#Season1 44. I Love Lucy. “The Young Fans.” Xfinity TV, 24:00. February 25, 1952. http://xfinitytv.comcast.net/watch/I-Love-Lucy/8580340462745885112/full-episodes#Season1 45. I Love Lucy. “New Neighbors.” Xfinity TV, 24:00. March 3, 1952. http://xfinitytv.comcast.net/watch/I-Love-Lucy/8580340462745885112/full-episodes#Season1 46. I Love Lucy. “Fred And Ethel Fight.” Xfinity TV, 24:00. March 10, 1952. http://xfinitytv.comcast.net/watch/I-Love-Lucy/8580340462745885112/full-episodes#Season1 47. I Love Lucy. “The Moustache.” Xfinity TV, 24:00. March 17, 1952. http://xfinitytv.comcast.net/watch/I-Love-Lucy/8580340462745885112/full-episodes#Season1 48. I Love Lucy. “The Gossip.” Xfinity TV, 24:00. March 24, 1952. http://xfinitytv.comcast.net/watch/I-Love-Lucy/8580340462745885112/full-episodes#Season1 49. I Love Lucy. “Pioneer Women” Xfinity TV, 24:00. March 31, 1952. http://xfinitytv.comcast.net/watch/I-Love-Lucy/8580340462745885112/full-episodes#Season1 50. I Love Lucy. “The Marriage License.” Xfinity TV, 24:00. April 7, 1952. http://xfinitytv.comcast.net/watch/I-Love-Lucy/8580340462745885112/full-episodes#Season1 51. I Love Lucy. “The Kleptomaniac.” Xfinity TV, 24:00. April 14, 1952. http://xfinitytv.comcast.net/watch/I-Love-Lucy/8580340462745885112/full-episodes#Season1 52. I Love Lucy. “Cuban Pals.” Xfinity TV, 24:00. April 21, 1952. http://xfinitytv.comcast.net/watch/I-Love-Lucy/8580340462745885112/full-episodes#Season1 53. I Love Lucy. “The Freezer.” Xfinity TV, 24:00. April 28, 1952. http://xfinitytv.comcast.net/watch/I-Love-Lucy/8580340462745885112/full-episodes#Season1 54. I Love Lucy. “Lucy Does A TV Commercial.” Xfinity TV, 24:00. May 5, 1952. http://xfinitytv.comcast.net/watch/I-Love-Lucy/8580340462745885112/full-episodes#Season1 55. I Love Lucy. “The Publicity Agent.” Xfinity TV, 24:00. May 12, 1952. http://xfinitytv.comcast.net/watch/I-Love-Lucy/8580340462745885112/full-episodes#Season1 56. I Love Lucy. “Lucy Gets Ricky On The Radio.” Xfinity TV, 24:00. May 19, 1952. http://xfinitytv.comcast.net/watch/I-Love-Lucy/8580340462745885112/full-episodes#Season1 57. I Love Lucy. “Lucy’s Schedule.” Xfinity TV, 24:00. May 26, 1952. http://xfinitytv.comcast.net/watch/I-Love-Lucy/8580340462745885112/full-episodes#Season1 58. I Love Lucy. “Ricky Thinks He’s Getting Bald.” Xfinity TV, 24:00. June 2, 1952. http://xfinitytv.comcast.net/watch/I-Love-Lucy/8580340462745885112/full-episodes#Season1 59. I Love Lucy. “Ricky Asks For A Raise.” Xfinity TV, 24:00. June 9, 1952. http://xfinitytv.comcast.net/watch/I-Love-Lucy/8580340462745885112/full-episodes#Season1

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