...BIOMETRICS BY: WILLIAM C. NEWTON SECR 5080 INFORMATION SYSTEMS SECURITY TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. TITLE PAGE………………………………………………………………………1 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………….2 3. ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………..3 4. HISTORY…………………………………………………………………………..4 5. TYPES OF BIOMETRICS………………………………………………………….6 6. FACIAL RECOGNITION…………………………………………………………..7 7. RETNA SCANNER………………………………………………………………….8 8. FINGERPRINT……………………………………………………………………….9 9. HANDPRINT…………………………………………………………………………9 10. VOICE AUTHENTICATION………………………………………………………10 11. AUTHENTICATION………………………………………………………………...11 12. SUMMARY…………………………………………………………………………..11 13. REFERENCES………………………………………………………………………..12 ABSTRACT This paper previewed my research of biometrics from the early 500 BCs to the 21st century. Upon understanding some of the biometrics differences and earlier methods used, I think the world is definitely is a better place to live in, as well as a much safer world to be in. One example of how this was used to make the world a better place was where biometrics were used at the NFL Super Bowl game in Tampa, Florida. There are many different types and ways of using biometrics to prevent entry into certain places or even to catch criminals from further causing damage in society. Biometrics is the overall study of measurable characteristics, specifically in computer security biometrics refers to the different authentication techniques that rely on measurable physical characteristics...
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...Fingerprint identification has been around for a long time. Dating back to 1856, Sir William Hershel began using fingerprints by requiring people to not only sign business contracts but to impress their hand on the back of the contract. In the beginning, his intentions were not directed at personal identification. The print was simply used to frighten him out of all thought of repudiating him signature (The History of Fingerprints). As Hershel s fingerprint collection grew, he began to note that the linked impressions could prove or disprove identity. During the 1870 s, Dr. Henry Faulds, a British Surgeon of Tsukiji Hospital in Japan, studied skin furrows after taking notice of finger marks on prehistoric pottery. He then devised a method of classification. Mr. Faulds passed on an explanation of his classification system, along with samples of the forms he had design for recording inked impressions, to Charles Darwin. However, because of Mr. Darwin s old age and ill health, he informed Faulds that he would pass the material on to his cousin Francis Galton. Sir Francis Galton, a British anthropologist, published a book called Fingerprints. The book included the first classification system for fingerprints can be identified. Galton identified the characteristics by which fingerprints can be identified. These same characteristics are in use today and are often referred to as Galton s Details. In 1892, Argentine Police Officer, Juan Vucetich, made the first criminal fingerprint identification...
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...A FINGERPRINT BASED BIOMETRIC AUTHENTICATION AND IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM FOR TIME AND ATTENDANCE MANAGEMENT ABSTRACT This project is about designing a system that automates the whole process of taking attendance and maintaining its records in an academic institute. Managing people is a difficult task for most of the organizations, and maintaining the attendance record is an important factor in people management. When considering academic institutes, taking the attendance of students on daily basis and maintaining the records is a major task. Manually taking the attendance and maintaining it for a long time adds to the difficulty of this task as well as wastes a lot of time. For this reason an efficient system is designed. This system takes attendance electronically with the help of a fingerprint sensor and all the records are saved on a computer server. In order to mark the attendance, student/staff has to place his/her finger on the fingerprint sensor. On identification student’s attendance record is updated in the database and he/she is notified through a screen. . TABLE OF CONTENTS Certification Acknowledgement Abstract Table of Contents List of Figures Chapter One Introduction Chapter Two Literature Review Chapter Three Methodology Chapter Four System Design Chapter Five Implementation Chapter Six Conclusion and Recommendation LIST OF FIGURES CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter focuses on the background of the project, the objectives, scope and...
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...Biometrics 125 years ago, winter 1879, Paris First agency police prefecture clerk Alphonse Bertillion was sitting in dark cold corner of huge file-cabinet room, where there were stored files on all Parisian criminals. A.Bertillion was entering the criminals’ description. He found out that there is no classification system, since: a) Criminals could easily change their names, and attempts to try different systems (by age, criminal method) end up in failure. Bertillion, son of Lui Bertillion – president of the Anthropological society, came up with an idea to utilize anthropological parameters (height, length and volume of the head, length of the hands, fingers, etc.) to identify personality. This was a break-through in criminalistics. With the development of electronics, Bertillioon’s theory was recalled and scientists realized that human beings have numerous unique characteristics beginning from the iris of the eye to the fingerprints and all these characteristics can be used in personality identification. With the rapid development of computer technologies, the concept of information security is becoming more and more important. Crime scene investigators have been using behavioral and physical characteristics for centuries in order to identify the criminals, nowadays; we have a great need for identification and authorization in information security. Information Security is being understood as a protection of the information and informational infrastructure...
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...effective and more efficient by saving time and money. Biometrics uses a person’s biological markers such as fingerprints, palm prints, facial features, and iris information for various uses. This paper will discuss how biometrics is applied to police technology such as smart guns, iris scanners, fingerprint scanners, and facial recognition systems. This document hopes to provide police departments with enough information to make an informed decision on bringing biometric technology into their units. This document will also touch on amendment rights pertaining to biometric technology in order to make departments aware of how this technology pertains to a citizen’s civil rights. Biometrics is rapidly advancing in our society and police departments need to be aware of how beneficial this technology really is. Biometrics: How Are Police Departments Utilizing This Technology? Biometrics is defined as using inherent human characteristics as a form of identification and access control. There are more than six billion people on our planet and each one can be identified as different by their biometric characteristics (Baker, 2011). With that many people out there police officers now more than ever need a quick and accurate way to identify suspects when working the field. The way they are accomplishing this task is by using mobile biometric identifying devices such as fingerprint scanners, iris scanners, and facial recognition devices. Between the years 2000 and 2009, 584 officers...
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...known as DNA profiling and genetic fingerprinting. Forensic investigators use this method to identify the suspects involved in a criminal case(s). “Although 99.9% of human DNA sequences are the same in every person, enough of the DNA is different to distinguish one individual from another.” (Accessexcellence.org) A Mr. Alec Jefferys first documented the DNA typing procedure in 1984 at the University of Leicester in England. Inside ones DNA, we find what is called Short Tandem Repeats (STR). It is known why STR exist, but what is significant is that over 30 percent of human DNA is made up by these STR. “STRs are locations on the chromosome that contain short sequence elements that repeat themselves with in the DNA molecule.”(Saferstein, R pg.397) With Polymerase Chain Reaction or PCR technology, DNA research has made leaps and bounds. This method greatly enhances a single piece of DNA and makes thousands of copies of that particular DNA sequence. Another reason PCR is proven beneficial is that it moves shorter strands of DNA that are supposed to be more stable and less subjected to degradation, as oppose to the longer strand that break in bad environment atmospheres. Particularly PCR can enhance the STRs found in individuals blood and can be used to tell the difference between different individuals DNA, thereby proving a person innocent or guilty. In criminal investigations today DNA is used and is considered to be highly accurate as long as the evidence isn't contaminated. DNA evidence...
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...Biometrics Technology Biometrics Technology Biometrics technology is an authentication method used for measuring a person’s unique physical or behavioral characteristics. When referring to biometrics in information technology, characteristics like fingerprints, DNA, eye retinas and irises, voice pattern, facial patterns, and hand measurements are all used for authentication purposes. Biometric science did not originate at one single place as people all over the world have been using it for identifying individuals from each other. The history of biometrics dates back to as early as the 14th century in the form of fingerprinting by China. This was reported by explorer Joao de Barros who wrote that the Chinese merchants were stamping children’s palm prints and footprints on paper with ink so young children could be identified from one another. This primitive form of biometrics is still being used today. Biometrics was used in the 1800 in for form of photographic memory. It wasn’t until the 1890’s that an anthropologist and police desk clerk in Paris, Alphonse Bertillon, created a field of study to find a way to identify convicted criminals. Bertillon developed the technique of taking multiple body measurements and was used throughout the world until it was discovered that some people have the same measurements making this technique unusable. After this failed the police went to fingerprinting which was created by Richard Edward Henry of Scotland Yard, who just reverted...
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...Biometric Identification Advancement Timeline * Types of Biometric Identification Technologies and How They Work Benefits of Biometric Identification Technology How and Where Biometry is Used In the USA Controversial Issues and Legalities of Biometric Identification Conclusion Bibliography Introduction Biometric Identification Technology is the world-wide used computer science that identifies humans based on physiological and behavioral traits for access control and security. The computer processing idea has been around for hundreds of years but the equipment has only been available for the past several decades evolving to become better with each step. The need for a formal system to record and identify first-time and repeated offenders in the 1800s led the known Bertillon to develop anthropometrics to identify individuals. This advancement was later linked with computer systems to create a true biometric system identifier. The several types of biometric identifiers, later discussed, have evolved from a mere idea to an implemented security system used in airports, government programs, and even small businesses. The technology is used globally from the US to the UK, India, Germany, and many more. Its long history has created responsiveness and allowed countries to embrace the welfares of such a system. The uniqueness of the technology has superseded old methods of identification and security but continues to be imperfect; raising controversial issues about human rights...
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...don’t give away the intrusion? Any Hollywood action movie these days typically include high-tech gizmos installed for restricting physical access, the likes of which could be seen in Mission Impossible. Prominent among these are high security authentication systems, a manifestation of which can be seen in establishments having access restrictions. In such situations, access is usually granted by a device, which takes into account some physical parameter of the person seeking access or entry, e.g. his fingerprint, eye or face and allows access only when there is a match with a previously existing sample of the same parameter. Biometrics is the science and technology of measuring and statistically analyzing biological data. Biometric technology is defined as automated methods of identifying or authenticating the identity of a living person based on a physiological of behavioral characteristic. Some examples include measures based on information from handwriting, fingerprints, face, voice, retina, iris, hand, ear shape and gait data. A biometric system is a pattern recognition system that establishes authenticity of a specific physiological or behavioral characteristic possessed by the user. The ability of monomodal system to reject imposters, who claim a false identity, becomes a critical issue in security applications. A single feature sometimes fails to be exact enough for identification; for example, in case of identical twins their faces alone may not distinguish them...
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...Technical Communication Methods and Practices Paper Jimmy Bolden, Michael Mosley, Deshonda Council, Jamie Jackson, Lethia Hemingway CJA/304 August 19, 2015 Judge Michael Joyner Technical Communication Methods and Practices Paper Technical communication can be considered in two different ways. The two ways are the sets of applications and the ability to make and share information with other people in the workplace. Emails responded to and sent, instant messages, phone calls, and conversations with fellow officers are all examples of technical communications. Each professional uses the majority of their day using the four communication skills. The skills used are speaking, listening, writing, and reading. The team will be discussing the technological tools that might be used in the communication process, current technology, and future technologies. One technological tool that is currently used in the communication process is the Mobile Data Terminal (MDT). According to Meehan (1998), “The ways in which officers shape and alter their uses of Mobile Data Terminal technology to preserve their autonomy, maintain solidarity with their co-workers, and manage accountability is analyzed as a form of resistance to the potential of this technology to fragment work assignments and control information”. The Mobile Data Terminal has been modified in the past few years so that officers can run random people’s identity in a matter of seconds. Before the Mobile Date Terminal, the...
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...weaknesses. The process used in the verification and identification of people using fingerprint, retina-based, iris-based, hand geometry, and facial recognition biometrics are examined in this paper. The advantages and disadvantages of each of these methods are also explored. The future of biometrics is also considered given the current developments in the field. Organizations are constantly looking for a more secure authentication method for their users to gain access to e-commerce and other security applications. Biometrics continues to gain more and more attention. What is biometrics the right decision for your corporation? If you choose to use biometrics, which is the biometric solution for your corporation, there is no such thing as any one best type of biometrics. Different applications necessitate the use of different biometrics. In order to select the right biometric for your solution as a user you will need to investigate a myriad of vendor products while keeping an eye on future development and technology. Never before have there been more various and more varied options. Vendors have a wide variety of products to select from. Some are new to the market but even these can be considerably better and greatly improve your company security stance. The focus of biometrics is to measure and individuals physical and behavioral characteristics and to recognize and authenticate their identity. Commonly used physical biometric solutions include: fingerprints and geometry and...
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...WIRELESS FINGERPRINT BASED STUDENT ATTENDANCE SYSTEM A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electrical Engineering by Debidutt Acharya(10602015) and Arun Kumar Mishra(10602061) Under the guidance of Prof. Susmita Das Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology Rourkela-769008 2010 WIRELESS FINGERPRINT BASED STUDENT ATTENDANCE SYSTEM A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electrical Engineering by Debidutt Acharya(10602015) and Arun Kumar Mishra(10602061) Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology Rourkela-769008 2010 National Institute of Technology Rourkela CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the thesis entitled, “WIRELESS FINGERPRINT-BASED STUDENT ATTENDANCE SYSTEM” submitted by Debidutt Acharya and Arun Kumar Mishra in partial fulfilments for the requirements for the award of Bachelor of Technology Degree in Electrical Engineering at National Institute of Technology, Rourkela is an authentic work carried out by them under my supervision and guidance. To the best of my knowledge, the matter embodied in the thesis has not been submitted to any other University / Institute for the award of any Degree or Diploma. Date: 14-05-2010 Place: Rourkela Prof. Susmita Das Deptt. of Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology ...
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...Recognition 7 Iris Recognition 8 Hand Recognition 9 Voice Recognition 9 Dynamic Signature 10 Keystroke Dynamics 10 Gait Recognition 10 Facial Thermograph 11 Emergence 11 Obstacles to Biometric Success 12 Conclusion 13 References 15 Abstract Biometrics was once thought to be more of a science fiction means of authentication, not something that could be used in real life applications. The cost was much higher than most companies dreamed of spending. Username and passwords were an effective and efficient means of security. Computer security was not looked at as a must, but more of a way to keep honest people honest. However, as computing power increased, and corporate espionage has led to massive losses for companies, computer security needs increased. Passwords just were not the best means of securing a network anymore. At the same time, improvements in technology made the use of biometrics more efficient. We will now examine the different types of biometric and how they will make the network more secure. Biometrics to Secure Networks For years, passwords have been the method used to secure networks. A user would input his or her userid and password to gain access. Many times, the userid was also the first portion of the users E-mail address. This means the only real secret items keeping others out of the network was physical access and that user’s password. Because brute force attacks took a while to complete, most companies were willing to accept this...
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...Biometric Technologies and the Development of a Fingerprint Recognition Application . . . . . . . . . . Note: Incomplete, this document is currently in draft Abstract This preliminary document covers the presentation phase of a final year BSc (Hons) computing science project aiming to investigate biometric technologies and develop a fingerprint recognition application to allow logging of student attendance at lectures. The introduction offers some background to the project and establishes the aims and objectives of the project overall. Following on from the introduction, the literature review presents a critique of research material that provides the basis for the project. This material includes a number of texts, journals and research papers as well as additional information sourced from the Web. As drawn from the literature, the subject areas covered include; history and background to modern biometrics; technological, social, organisational and environmental influences; key technologies in the market today; design issues, including security, performance and testing. In chapter 3, attention turns to requirements analysis for the development of a fingerprint recognition system. The process follows a requirements engineering approach to development by formally establishing user requirements and allowing continuous requirements assessment throughout the project life-cycle. The design approach and methodology used to model the problem are also addressed...
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...are photographed and analyzed. Due to the intricacies, a retina scan cannot be replicated, as it is impossible to forge a human retina. Because of this fact, a retinal scan has an error rate of 1 in 10 million; compared to fingerprint identification error rates sometimes as high as 1 in 500 (Biometric Newsportal, n.d.). In all its greatness, as with any technology, it comes with both advantages and disadvantages throughout the various phases of implementation. With the pros vastly outweighing the cons, retinal biometrics has still created its own namespace and presence in the world of technology. With current retinal biometric applications and technologies being implemented in the financial, government, medical, and mobile sectors, it’s safe to bet that there is a great future laying ahead for this area of biometrics. Although there maybe anticipated competition, retinal scanning is currently leading the pack of biometrics methodologies and the trends prove that this will remain the case for many years to come. Retinal Biometric Security Biometrics The word “biometrics” comes from the Greek language and is derived from the words bio (life) and metric (to measure). Biometrics, the measurements of life characteristics, refers to technologies used to measure and analyze personal characteristics, both physiological and behavioral. These characteristics...
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