...teachings during his time, Luther affirmed that the Christian righteousness is only acquired from without. He suggested that the righteousness not only comes from Christ but is also Christ’s righteousness that is ascribed to Christians through faith. In this regard, Luther explored the dissimilarities between the righteousness accorded to Christians as a gift through faith and Christian’s own proper righteousness which works in the power of the gift through Jesus to do different works of mercy and love. Consequently, Luther presented a Latin phrase that further described Christian justification, “Simul Justus et Peccator” which is directly interpreted as “simultaneously just and sinners.” Therefore, this paper will explain and evaluate Martin Luther’s ideas of the double righteousness possessed by Christians using his commentaries on Galatians and Romans as well as his 1519 sermon on two kinds of righteousness. Luther’s ideas on Simul Justus et Peccator and Justification Luther’s sermon on the two kinds of righteousness is associated with the reformers belief of salvation and living by faith and not works. The original justice presented by Luther is the alien righteousness that comes from without. This kind of righteousness is the righteousness of Jesus Christ and is ascribed through faith. Luther quotes the Bible in John 14:6 where Jesus Christ says ‘I Am the way, the truth, and the life.’ this form of righteousness is accorded to people in baptism after believing in Jesus...
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...Raising Troops Code of the Samurai by Taira Shigesuke and The Methods of the Ssu-Ma (author unknown) both focus a lot on a sort of “code” for warriors during warfare. My question is what is the best way to raise troops? These two readings explain different answers to my question, but to answer it myself I would say the best way to raise troops would be to not focus solely on things such as strength or marksmanship, but to focus also on the mindset of a troop and how to pull through in times of difficulty and how to respect warfare and their unit and how to face fear and overcome obstacles. Taira Shigesuke writes about how, first and foremost, a warrior should consider it his first concern to keep death in mind at all times. But you don’t just have a duty to the military; you have to fulfill your loyalty to your family as well. Unlike the warrior ways described in the Ssu-Ma, Samurai warriors focused day and night on their duties as a warrior, whether they were a farmer, or merchant, etc. They always carried a sword with them as to always be prepared and keep death in mind at all times. Education was not important early on, and even 12 and 13 year olds were learning martial arts instead of focusing on becoming literate. Their sole focus was the way of a warrior. Now, however, those born in the present era focus on literature and reading and writing from the time they are seven or eight in times of peace. A big difference between the Ssu-Ma and the code of the Samurai is...
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...Silvy Elsa Mathew Hum 120 4/10/18 Paper 2 - Sermon on the Mount The Sermon on the Mount is the teachings of Jesus as described in the gospel of Matthew from chapters 5-7. Jesus gathered the people on the top of the hill to deliver his speech. It starts with the beatitudes, that is the blessings to the lowliest people. He was showing the way to the kingdom of heaven and the characters of the people who will get into the kingdom. He was kind of spreading light to his disciples and hence in the world. He wanted his people to seek the kingdom of God and the righteousness. Jesus teachings are straight to the heart and also the laws are hard to follow. As he always asks people to be good at heart to have a spiritual enlightenment. Also he does not...
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...Spirit. 5 Those who live according to the sinful nature have their minds set on what that nature desires; but those who live in accordance with the Spirit have their minds set on what the Spirit desires. 6 The mind of sinful man is death, but the mind controlled by the Spirit is life and peace; 7 the sinful mind is hostile to God. It does not submit to God's law, nor can it do so. Those controlled by the sinful nature cannot please God. 9 You, however, are controlled not by the sinful nature but by the Spirit, if the Spirit of God lives in you. And if anyone does not have the Spirit of Christ, he does not belong to Christ. 10 But if Christ is in you, your body is dead because of sin, yet your spirit is alive because of righteousness. 11 And if the Spirit of him who raised Jesus from the dead is living in you, he who raised Christ from the dead will also give life to your mortal bodies through his Spirit, who lives in you. 12 Therefore, brothers, we have an obligation--but it is not to the sinful nature, to live according to it. 13 For if you live according to the sinful nature, you will die; but if by the Spirit you put to death the misdeeds of the body, you will live, 14 because those who are led by the Spirit of...
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...ARISTOTLE Aristotle was born in Stagira, a “Grecian colony. His father was a court physician to the King Amyntas of Macedonia. It is believed that his purse of studies is due to his father’s influence of practicing medicine. He died at his country house at Chalcis, in Euboea at the age of sixty-two years old in the year of 322 B.C. He died to an illness he suffered from for a long period of time. There were legends that told his death to be because of hemlock poisoning, as well as another legend, it was said he couldn’t explain the tides so he threw himself into the sea. Aristotle was a high-minded, kind hearted man devoted to his family and his friends. He was a man who followed the ideals he outlined in his ethical treaties (“Aristotle”). During the time frame of thirteen years when Aristotle taught at his school, called Lyceum, he composed his writings into dialogues (“Aristotle”). His school was widely known as the walking school or the Peripatetic school because a lot of the discussion at the school took place while walking the grounds (“Encarta: Aristotle”). He taught the young conqueror Alexander, who became Alexander the Great, and thereafter his writings were lost and not recovered until the 1st century B.C. During the middle ages they were translated into Latin and Arabic and became a basis for Christian theology. In 2000 years no one has came close to his brilliance...
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...The Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 5: 1-12) Name: Tutor: Date: The Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 5: 1-12) The Sermon on the Mount appears in the gospel of St Matthew and it stretches all the way from chapters 5-7. This study will only focus on the beatitudes, which appear in Mathew (5: 1-12). The Sermon appears in no other place in the entire bible and the closest equivalent being the Sermon on the plain found in the gospel of St Luke (6:17-49). According to (Kendall, 2011) Saint Matthew authored the book of Matthew, which contains the Sermon on the Mount. St Matthew or Levi as referred to by Mark (2:14) and Luke (5:27) was the son of Alpheus, born in Capernaum. Capernaum was a town found near the shore of the Galilean sea. St Matthew was a patron of Tax collectors, meaning he was originally a tax collector by profession in the service of the Roman Empire. In his service, he learned different languages such as Hebrew and Greek that came of great use to him. According to (Greenman and Larsen, 2007) the Roman tax collection system was engulfed in corruption and fraud therefore people perceived the tax collectors to be extremely corrupt and unclean. The tax collectors fraudulently charged extortionist amounts and were hostile to the Romans in the way they collected the taxes. In Matthew (9:9), Jesus finds Matthew sitting in his office and calls him to become one of his disciples. He became a disciple and spread Christianity even after the...
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...Topic: Read Romans 3:21-4:25 and explain the Apostle Paul's argument. How do you explain the tension between Paul and James? Offer a resolution. What is his thesis (3:21)? The apostle Paul’s thesis is that a righteousness of God apart from law is now available to all believers in Christ (Romans 3:21-22) (Moo, pg. 126). This righteousness is received through faith not by obeying the law (Romans 3:22,26,28). Even though it is awarded apart form deeds, it was announced by the Law of Moses and the Prophets and establishes the former law; it does not destroy it (Romans 3:21,31). How does he build his case? Paul presents three implications of justification through faith apart from deeds in Romans 3:27-31. First, justification by faith excludes boasting (Romans 3:27-28). Salvation does not come through what we have done (our works or deeds), but by putting our trust in Christ. We are to lift up Christ by exalting in the works he has done, not our own works (Moo, pg. 142). Second, justification by faith excludes ethnic barriers (Romans 3:29-30). If it is by faith, then it cannot be by circumcision, race, or nationality. Every believer in Christ will be justified by God, regardless of origin. Third, justification by faith excludes antinomianism (Moo, pg. 129). Though some may charge the Apostle Paul with promoting lawlessness, the accusation is unfounded. We do not reject God’s law by affirming salvation by grace; we place law in its proper context within both salvation history...
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...Lecture 2 and Mid-term expectations Class structure 10am-1pm 10-10.20 Homework 10.20-11.30 Quiz below 11.30-11.50 Break 11.50-12.45 Euthyphro 12.45-1.00 Mid-term expectations Homework for Femke – reading and understanding how you reason – describe how you approach a problem . Step-by-step process . Quiz 1. A = Valid Socrates is a philosopher All philosophers are poor So Socrates is poor 2. A – iv Whenever Anile is here, Kumar is also here Anil is not here So Kumar is not here 3. A = iv Most drug addicts are depressed people Most depressed people are lonely So most drug addicts are lonely 4. A= v Nothing that s cheap is good So nothing that is good is cheap 5. A = v If there is an earthquake , the detector will send a message No message has been sent So there was no message 6. A = iv John said that everyone loves Mary Nothing that John has said is true So nobody loves Mary Mid-term This assignment is designed to assess your critical thinking problem solving, and communication skills. Your answer will be judged for its clarity, relevance, coherence, logic, depth, consistency, and fairness. Your answers to each issue should be between 700-800 words in length. More specifically, the reader will be asking the following questions: 1. Is the question at issue well stated? Is it clear and unbiased? Does the expression of the question do justice to the complexity of the matter at issue? 2. Does...
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...“It is only because he does not compete that, therefore, under heaven there is none who can compete with him” (Chapter 22). For Laozi, the competition will be against the Dao since it implies the intentional comparison between two things. If we compete with other, we will start to care about winning or losing. And the final result might even affect our behavior. If we really think about, we will notice that many times our desires come from competition or comparison. An interesting research demonstrated that our happiness or our level satisfaction with our life does not depend on our own income level but on the income level of people around us. Let’s talk about a concrete example. Imagine two situations: in the first one, you have a salary of 1000 but you are the highest paid worker in your office and in your family; in the second case, you have a salary of 5000 but you earn the least in among your colleagues and your family. Ironically, most of people will be happier in the first case rather than the second one, even the salary is much higher. Competition will make our happiness to depend on external factors, on other’s performance. Thus, we will lose control over our own...
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...no soul does Allah place a burden greater than it can bear." [Quran 2:286] When we read the Quran or the Prophetic traditions, we find instructions regarding all aspects of life: political, social, economic, material, ethical, national and international. These instructions provide us with all the details needed to perform a certain act. The Prophetic traditions go as far as showing us all the steps we need to follow, even the etiquette of using the bathroom: supplications to be said upon entering it and leaving it, how to clean ourselves properly and so on. To summarize, Islam governs a Muslim's life in all its aspects. This is the reason why it is not only a religion but also a way of life. Islam does not recognize any kind of separation between religion and life. It openly rejects the Western saying: "Render unto Caesar what is Caesar's, and unto God what is God's"; for everything should be dedicated to God alone and a Muslim is required to submit himself completely to the Will of Allah in all his affairs (what means): "Say: ‘Truly, my prayer, my sacrifice, my living and my dying are for Allah, the Lord of the worlds. No partner has He: this am I commanded, and I am the first of those who submit to His Will.’" [Quran 6:162] Islam does not believe...
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...English Essay Task Characters often play a crucial role in constructing meaning in plays; How have characters been developed in Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night? Shakespeare is world-renowned for his aptitude in writing plays, for a wide range of audiences, and one of these plays is Twelfth Night. In this play, Shakespeare takes particular care in the development of his characters in order to construct the meanings and messages embedded in Twelfth Night. Through the development of some key, central characters within the play, namely Olivia and Malvolio, Shakespeare showcases the chaos and hardship instigated by their pride, and is then able to reinforce the importance of order and adhering to the set, established, hierarchy of Elizabethan times. Shakespeare first portrays the character of Olivia as vain, superficially judgemental, and indulging in her own self-pity, neglecting her duties as the lady of the house. A secondary character, Malvolio, is depicted by Shakespeare to be overambitious and full of his own self-importance – attempting to overstep his position. Shakespeare manifests different forms of pride in different characters in order to show that whatever the facet of pride the character might possess, in the end, their fatal flaw will still result in chaos and misfortune, thereby emphasising the need of adhering to and attending to the duties of their positions so that order can be maintained. Through Olivia’s language and interactions with other characters, Shakespeare...
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...Justin Kroeger Biblical Worldview Essay BIBL 104 Summer 2014 THESUS In order to live a Christian life, we need a biblical worldview. Our philosophical outlook on life’s inescapable questions can be shaped and formed by the Holy Scriptures found inside the Bible. Paul sets forth the foundations of the Christian faith in the book of Romans, and we will greatly enhance our faith by keeping close to these foundations. Apart from faith, we have no hope in life. If we study Romans carefully, we will never be at a loss to know what we believe as Christians in today’s society. It is not enough to know the gospel; we must also let Gods inspired word transform, shape, mold, form and impact every aspect of our attitudes and the choices we make in our daily lives. THE NATURAL WORLD The book of Romans gives us a good description of the natural world and its fallen state. When Adam sinned, mankind was separated from God. This caused the natural world to spiritually die. In the beginning God created the earth for man to enjoy in abundance, and to have a perfect, direct and intimate relationship with him. Thank God In Romans 1:18 Paul says that “The wrath of God is being revealed from heaven against all the godlessness and wickedness of men who suppress the truth by their wickedness”. The teaching in Paul’s letter to the Romans helps me understand the current state of this natural world we live in, we may not be living in a perfect world anymore but we were originally created in God’s...
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...No, I do not believe that John Proctor’s design to hang instead of admitting that he was consorting with the devil is an act of excessive pride or stubbornness. I instead believe that John Proctor is the tragic hero of the Crucible and that his decision to choose principle over self preservation was an honorable act with the goal of affirming his goodness before God. In the second act of the Crucible, the audience first meets the character of John Proctor while he is in his home with his wife Elizabeth. The reader’s initial reaction of Proctor is that he is a benevolent husband as he states “I mean to please you Elizabeth” (50) and is otherwise kind and respectful towards his wife. However, as the act progresses, the reader comes to find out...
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...Confucian Humanism Magdalena A. Villaba If one word could characterize Chinese civilization, it would be Humanisn. Humanism is taken to generally mean- that man and his activities are given great importance. Thus, it is said that one of the characteristics of Chinese thought is this- worldliness- in other words, greater attention to life in this world. Humanism’s emphasis is on man’s self- dependence rather than dependence in heaven or the ancestors. In fact, it was a humanism that professes the utility of man and heaven. It is in this sense that humanism has dominated Chinese thought from the dawn of history. Humanism is an outgrowth of historical and social change. To understand Confucius, it is necessary to realize what sort of a world he lived in. He is criticized as having been too much interested in the orderly arrangement of affairs, but it must be remembered that he was trying to bring order out of something close to chaos. To hold his revolutionary ideas and to talk to them as he freely did in a world where these were extremely dangerous gave life adventure enough. Chinese history starts with the Shang dynasty. This civilization suffered a setback when in 1122 B.C., according to traditional chronology, the Shang were conquered by a coalition of relatively rude tribesmen. The conquerors were led by the Chou people who established the Chou dynasty. The invaders pushed their conquest to cover a considerable portion of North China, but it was impossible for them to administer...
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...imitate those who through faith and patience inherit what has been promised. Col 3:23 Whatever you do, work at it with all your heart, as working for the Lord, not for human masters, Acts 20:34-35 34 You yourselves know that these hands of mine have supplied my own needs and the needs of my companions. 35 In everything I did, I showed you that by this kind of hard work we must help the weak, remembering the words the Lord Jesus himself said: ‘It is more blessed to give than to receive.’ ” 1 Cor 9:24-25 24 Do you not know that in a race all the runners run, but only one gets the prize? Run in such a way as to get the prize.25 Everyone who competes in the games goes into strict training. They do it to get a crown that will not last, but we do it to get a crown that will last forever. 2 Tim 2:6-7 The hardworking farmer should be the first to receive a share of the crops. 7 Reflect on what I am saying, for the Lord will give you insight into all this. Matthew 5:14 New International Version (NIV) 14 “You are the light of the world. A town built on a hill cannot be hidden. Luke 10:17-20 New International Version (NIV) 17 The seventy-two returned with joy and said, “Lord, even the demons submit to us in your name.” 18 He replied, “I saw Satan fall like lightning from heaven. 19 I have given you authority to trample on snakes and scorpions and to overcome all the power of the enemy; nothing will harm you. 20...
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