...11/8/13 Napoleon Crossing the Alps at Saint Bernard Pass, 1800 The painting of Napoleon Crossing the Alps at Saint Bernard Pass is truly a magnificent and unique work of art for its time. It is an oil painting on canvas which was painted by JacquesLouis David. The work was first started in October of 1800 and completed just four months later in January of 18011. However, there were a total of five different versions of the painting created, with the last version being completed in 1805. All five versions are located at several different locations throughout Europe. The work was painted at the Château de Malmaison, which at the time was a government building just outside of Paris, France. The painting is approximately 8’6” in height and 7’3” in width2. The work depicts General Napoleon Bonaparte horseback along with his troops traveling through the Alps while on a military campaign against the Austrians.3 Ironically, Napoleon didn’t actually lead his troops through the Alps but rather followed several days behind them for his own safety.4 There were many historical trends and forces after the French Revolution which played a roll in this particular work of art. Because of the upheaval that was occurring in France during the French Revolution, the country was vulnerable to threatening outside countries and armies. This influenced Napoleon to become part of the Consul. Shortly after the French Revolution, 1 2 smarthistory.khanacademy.org/davids-napoleon-crossing-the-alps.html...
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...Appreciation Question 1. Analyze this painting by addressing these three formal elements and terms describe the palette, shape and Space. Be sure to identify the perspective system employed in this painting The palette, or range of colors used in this painting, have a more neutral tone. The combination of forest greens, golden yellows, faint blues, and grays, combined with the lack of any bright colors, gives the painting a more neutral look. The painting employs several triangle shapes, which can be seen at the apex of the trees and the two mountains in the posterior of the landscape. The spacing of the painting is both three-dimensional and deep. As one looks into the painting, it feels as if one could walk into the painting and move into the landscape. The painting has depth, as it feels like one can “see for miles” into the painting. This painting certainly employs an aerial perspective system, as the clouds, haze of the atmosphere, and vantage point all add depth to the space. Question 2. Explain how the artist uses color create space. (In answering this question, be sure to identify if the compositional space is two dimensional or three dimensional) Also articulate how the artist uses color to convey light and rhythm. The artist uses the varying colors on the red background to create the perception of three-dimensional space. The contrast of the dark dots and the golden dots on the red background makes the painting appear as if the red is a type of screen...
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...Painting Styles Chiquita M. Thomas ART/101 Instructor: Ann Wood July 27, 2014 Painting Styles “Neoclassicism is the movement that shaped the thought, minds, and civic ideals of Americans for 150 years” ("Neoclassicism", 2010). “Neoclassicism was a revived interest in classical forms and ideas that saturated European and American intellectual thought, fine arts and politics during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries” ("Neoclassicism", 2010). “Neoclassicism was a transatlantic phenomenon” ("Neoclassicism", 2010). Neoclassical artist seem to not have shown emotion in the artwork from the look on Napoleons face. “Careful examination of the details embedded in this portrait reveals the key to David's success as a painter during the time of Louis XVI, Robespierre, and Napoleon: the artist's ability to transform his subjects into politically powerful icons” (Kress, 2014). “Napoleon is standing in the center of the room wearing is military uniform” (Kress, 2014). “David strategically placed the sword on the chair to allude to Napoleon's military success, while the prominent display of the word "Code" in his papers, suggests his administrative achievements” (Kress, 2014). “Impressionism is a 19th century artistic movement that swept much of the painting and sculpture styles of the period” ("Impressionism Art of Impressionist", 2012). “It was not just a passing fad but has defined an entirely modern way of expressing one’s artistry that eventually rubbed of in other art forms like...
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...1848 Revolution period of Napoleon III period, the “Realist” movement had been the dominant political and socially accepted artistic flavor. Realist subjects encompassed normal working class people and real life themes as seen through the eyes of the observer. Impressionist moved away from the rigid structure of Realism (Realist Academicism) and the enforced bounds regarding choice of subject matter. Impressionist began canvassing outdoors and chose objects such as flowers, birds, animals, and people in natural light settings (Denvir, 1990). Impressionists took advantage of premixed paints, which allowed artists to work more spontaneously, both outdoors and indoors. The use of vibrant colors and light made impressionist paintings appealing works of art. Prior to Impressionism, artist topics and pictures were mostly history based and stayed within the context of what was socially acceptable during the Napoleon III time period. Additionally, the art of the period was monitored and controlled by the Académie des Beaux-Arts, whom held an annual art show called the “Salon de Paris”. This show featured artists work and was judged based upon the standards of the Académie, which at the time was still “Realism” centric. Napoleon III’s viewing of the rejected works from the 1863 “Salon de Paris”, was instrumental in bringing about the creation of the “Cooperative and Anonymous Association of Painters, Sculptors, and Engravers” ten years later. Napoleon suggested that the rejected...
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...“Malang,” illustrator-cartoonist for the Manila Chronicle and creator of two comic-strip characters, Kosme the Cop (Retired) and Chain Gang Charlie. The leap from illustrational art to lightweight genre painting was a felicitous one in his case. The temperas he exhibited at the Philippines Art Gallery in the late 1950s were miniatures blithely illustrating the urban folk, or rather the rustic folk caught up in the hassle of the big city. Quiapo traffic, Chinatown, corner sari-sari stores, calesas, jeepneys, an old turn-of-the-century house-all these and more he did with a miniaturist’s delight in the telling detail and an eye for the amusing and cute. Woman Vendor, 1989 Mother and Child, 1971 2. Arturo Luz Arturo Rogerio Luz is a Filipino painter, sculptor, and designer. He has done major artworks and is best known for his linear art and his painting series on street musicians, vendors, cyclists and carnival performers, also for his sculptures using wood, concrete and metal. When he started, he created figurative artworks, but went on to develop abstraction. He was considered as one of the Neo-Realists and the Thirteen Moderns. In 1997 he was named one of the National Artists of the Philippines. Grey Performance, 1991 Boxes and Shells, 1997 3. Napoleon Abueva Napoleón Isabelo Veloso Abueva, more popularly known as Napoleón Abueva, is a Filipino artist. He is a sculptor given the distinction...
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...movement they worked along with other Soviet nonconformist artists to create work that challenged the rigid official style of Socialist Realism (DAF 1). They held their first international exhibition at Ronald Feldman Fine Arts, New York, in 1976 and from that time, they are holding many public commissions and exhibitions at the international level (DAF 1). In 1978, Komar & Melamid shifted to America and in 1981, they became the first Russian artist to receive the National Endowment for the Arts grant (DAF 1). Komar and Melamid gained popularity for focusing on the absurdity of the Soviet system through their paintings. Their art was initially aimed at dismantling that system and now that the system has been dismantled, Komar and Melamid nostalgic about the sadness of the past (Solomon 77). Since the 1970s, Vitaly Komar and Alexander Melamid have used their paintings and installations to discuss the manipulation of history and art by governments and powerful people to achieve their own ideological goals. Their works have an undercurrent of a playful sense of irony, which is most apparent in their early works that mock at the pretensions of official Soviet art (Solomon 77). In the process of collaboration, Komar and Melamid first discuss their ideas and make separate sketches, select elements from each sketch and finally compose a new one. They work separately and take turns in switching and continuing the other’s work (Rueschemeyer et al 101). Komar and Melamid sometimes...
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...HISTORY OF FRANCE • 13th century Spreading the weight of vaults over a series of ribs, columns, and pilasters, Gothic architecture allows the dissolution of the wall. Windows in cathedrals and churches are filled with stained glass; the shimmering colored light transfigures the vast interiors. Depicting biblical stories, scenes from the lives of the saints, or single figures, stained-glass windows complement the sculptures on the exterior and the rites and ceremonies observed within. • 1209 The Albigensian Crusade is launched by Pope Innocent III with the help of Cistercian monks. While the original spark for this war springs from papal desire to extinguish the growing problem of heresy in the region surrounding Toulouse, the political struggle between the independent southern territories and lords from northern France, joined after 1226 by Louis VIII, plays itself out in a war. In 1229, Count Raymond VII of Toulouse, who had been Louis VIII's main adversary, is compelled to cede territory to the king's control. • ca. 1210–1250 Artists at Chartres install an elaborate and extensive program of stained-glass windows in the cathedral under construction there. In addition to religious and historical subjects, the intensely colored windows depict numerous scenes of tradespeople at work, including bakers, furriers, wheelwrights, and weavers. These tradespeople were likely contributors—through hefty taxes—to the construction of the church. • 1226 Louis IX (d. 1270), grandson...
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...represents the execution of the Citizens of Madrid by French soldiers. Goya captured this horrific day using oil on canvas. The painting is currently on display in the Museo del Prado, in Madrid. This piece is painted and drawn in a more modern style for its time. There are less sculptural forms and flatter shapes. Goya’s painting criticises both war and French actions. With the use of light and an emphasis on emotion, Goya has successfully conveyed ideas of social commentary and political...
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...Revolutions 159 Revolutions 1688-1815 Chapter 15 W Louis XIV’s bedroom in Versailles. Each day officially began with a ceremony of getting him out of bed, his “rising,” and ended with a similar retiring ceremony at night. The small fence was to keep the onlookers at a safe distance, somewhat like a fence at a zoo. hen William and Mary ascended to the British throne in 1688 it was hailed as “the Glorious Revolution” for no blood had been shed and the British had a nation with greater political freedom than any other in Europe. Their ascent to the throne was quickly followed by a Declaration of Rights which guaranteed things like trial by jury and parliamentary representation to all British citizens. John Locke, the author and philosopher who supplied much of the intellectual foundation of the glorious resolution wrote in his Second Treatise on Government: “Man being born, as has been proved, with a title to perfect freedom, and an uncontrolled enjoyment of all the rights and privileges of the law of nature, equally with any other man, or number of men in the world, hath by nature a power, not only to preserve his property, that is, his life, liberty and estate, against the injuries and attempts of other men…” Locke further contended that the role of government is to preserve these rights and that the power of government is a result of the individual citizens collectively agreeing to be ruled. In July of 1776 Thomas Jefferson would modify Locke’s treatment of natural...
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...center a tubular tower: The Donjon or "Tower of Homage." Some of these remains are in the so-called Sully Wing of the Museum. This residence was strength rather than a large arsenal which was ordered demolished in 1546 by King Francis I to make a home more. Among the remains of the tower were found in the library of King Charles V of the sixteenth century it was in the northwest corner of the medieval castle of the Louvre. The design of this tower can be marked on the floor of the crypt Sully. The second work to expose is the moment when Napoleon crowned Josephine (his wife), a celebration that became famous because Napoleon himself crowned king self without the Pope, the author of this work of art is Jacques Louis David Napoleon's official painter and immortalized his reign in many of his works. This gigantic work of art has the peculiarity that in it are about 100 characters including the author himself. Napoleon wears on her head a crown of laurels trying to imitate the Roman emperors. In the table above Josephine, you can see Napoleon's mother, Mary Laetizia Ramolino, which was...
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...Written in 2013, Roger Knight’s Britain Against Napoleon: The Organization of Victory, 1793-1815, arrives next in the list. This work deals heavily with the strategy that Britain used to organize a victory in Europe. “This story of the war effort against France began in the 1780’s In Britain Against Napoleon, Roger Knight looks beyond the familiar exploits of the army alongside the navy and to the politicians and civil servants. He further examines how they made it possible to continue the war at all due to financial issues. He shows that the whole British population had to play its part in the war, and that the intelligence officers, military, and even the financiers of the City of London, were particularly instrumental in the war against...
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...The Enduring Symbols of Revolution: The Emotional Connection to French Republican Art History 2: Revolutions December 15, 2011 Towards the end of the 18th century, Immanuel Kant and many other influential philosophers during the Enlightenment stated that people should be rational in their approach to life, including politics, economics, and society. Rationalism was one of the main themes of the Enlightenment, and it played an important role in the French Revolution. One aspect of rationalism that was important in the French Revolution were rational symbols of power. However, these rational symbols of power ultimately were disfavored in revolutionary France in favor of more enduring artistic symbols of the Revolution. Although the revolutionaries also sought to regenerate French society through rational symbols of power, their use of Roman, Greek and republican art, were the most enduring symbols of a new French society because of their stronger portrayal of liberty, fraternity and equality. The rational symbols of power that the revolutionaries sought to introduce into French society included the revolutionary French Republican calendar, the revolutionary French Republican clock, and the metric system. For the reasons noted below, each of these symbols ultimately were not accepted in French society. Even though the revolutionary French Republican calendar, one of the important rational symbols, did have a strong basis in reason, it lacked public support and was not...
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...IWT Task 1 It is the purpose of this paper to discuss the relationship between two periods of art. The Realism period will be compared to the Impressionism period. Visual art will be the discipline compared. A1. Earlier Historical Art Period The Realism art period flourished from the mid 1800’s until the late nineteenth century. Its roots started in France after the Revolution of 1848. The monarchy of Louis-Philippe was defeated and the period of the Second Empire began. The French Realist period grew under Napoleon III’s rule. French artists such as Gustave Courbet and Jean-Francois Millet used their paintings as political statements. As the French society looked for democratic reform, the artists of the time depicted working class people doing their everyday jobs. Not only were Courbet’s portraits criticized for their simple and crude style, but also for the scale of the portraits that depicted the often mundane and impoverished lower class. Their goal was to depart from the former Romantic era and portray people and events truthfully and often, “in gritty detail” (Finocchio, 2004, p.1). The artist’s subjects were not posed, smiling out at the world but rather caught in the act of living. Often the subject’s clothes were torn and dirty, their faces tired and worn. Although Realism is often associated with France, it also influenced artists in Russia, England, Germany and the United States. A2. Later Historical Art Period The Impressionism Art Movement was launched in Paris...
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...Social or Political Issues Commented on by artist through Different Centuries Lorenzo Garcia Art 100 Professor Morris 25 July 2014 Napoleon Bonaparte once said “a picture is worth a thousand words” (Kirov). Words may not be enough to communicate a thought or feeling on a current political or social issue. Artist use art to give words a physical form. A well-crafted masterpiece may have a profound effect that communicates to observers on how the artist feels about a prevailing concern. Throughout the centuries, often artist have used art to produce a personal statement which sheds light on their thoughts of social or political issues faced during their time. Through the work of art, social or political issues may be commented on by artist, creating a voice to be heard by those who observe their art work. Born on August 6th, 1928 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Andy Warhol became a central figure in the Pop (Popular) Art Movement. His original name was Andrew Warhola, and was born to a middle class Slovakian family, whose father was a construction worker and his mother was an embroiderer. At a young age Andy contracted chorea that that left him in bed for several months. It was during this time Andy learned about art and photography became a pastime where he could lose himself in. With his father passing and making his last decree that Andy go to college to pursue his dreams as an artist with his life savings, Andy attended Carnegie Institute of Technology in 1945...
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...week of October 2nd, and announced the recovery of two missing Van Gogh paintings. The two pieces, "Seascape at Scheveningen" and "Congregation leaving the Reformed Church at Nuenen" were initially realized to have been stolen by art thieves from the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam over 14 years ago. The paintings were recently discovered inside the home of infamous Italian drug lord Raffaele Imperiale in Naples, Italy, after law enforcement performed a raid on his home as part of an ongoing, large scale investigation into Italian organized crime. The discovery of the paintings further confirmed the suspicion that crime organizations are actively interested in obtaining significant works of art, both for financial investment and for buying and selling to obtain funding....
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