...Inferiority complex An abnormal or pathological state which, due to the tendency of the complex to draw unrelated ideas into itself, leads the individual to depreciate himself, to become unduly sensitive, to be too eager for praise and flattery, and to adopt a derogatory attitude toward others. ers. every human being is born with inferiority feelings. For physical weakness and defects in some parts of body will contribute to emotional problems. I have undergone two times of liver transplant. One is when I was 13 and the second time is at 19. Since my first transplant, I had a big scar on my abdomen. I used to think that I was a weaker person because I had less energy and easier to get tired compared to other normal people. In this connection, I always think that I am weaker than others. I feel inferior and have low self-confidence. These are some feelings and personality arose from psychological inferiority. http://www.davidcox.com.mx/library/L/Lin,%20Timothy%20-%20Inferiority%20Complex.pdf The My life is always connected to these previous unpleasant experiences. The parental attitudes are also important in shaping my personality. Since I was My parents seldom praise me when I behave well or get good academic results. They tend to think that it is my responsibility to be a good child. Their attitude makes me never feel proud of my achievements even I was viewed as a good student by others. My mum disapprove me when my behavior didn’t meet their expectation...
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...A PASTORAL APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM OF AN INFERIORITY COMPLEX FOR WORKERS IN THE KOREAN CONTEXT BY EUN-MI, HAN THE DEGREE OF MASTER IN THEOLOGY (PRACTICAL THEOLOGY) STUDY-LEADER: PROF. JOHAN J VAN RENSBURG UNIVERSITY OF THE FREE STATE FACULTY OF THEOLOGY DECEMBER 2011 1 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ....................................................................... 4 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 4 2. Research Problem...................................................................................................................... 5 3. Research Hypothesis ................................................................................................................ 8 4. Research Objectives................................................................................................................11 5. Research Methodology .........................................................................................................13 5.1 The General Psychological Approach ...................................................................13 5.2 The Biblical Principle Approach...............................................................................14 5.3 The Systematic Theology Approach ......................................................................14 5.4 The Pastoral Approach ........................................................................
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...Personality Theories (2001), “personality theories can be categorized into five main classes, as psychoanalytical, humanistic, behavioristic, social-cognitive, and as trait theories” (Para. 1). This essay purposes to analyze the strengths and limitations of two of the five main classes of personality theories; namely, the psychoanalytic and individual psychological theories. Both theories will be compared and contrasted in relationship to their basic assumptions, deterministic versus free-will positions, and conscious versus unconscious motives for behavior. Personality Theories Analyzed In the field of psychology, there is currently no agreed-upon definition of personality among psychologists (Feist & Feist, 2009). Each person is unique and so is his or her personality. Since many personalities are vastly different from one another, exploring various theories allows for different views on personality to be considered. Each person is unique and so is his or her personality. Therefore, taking a thorough look at two major personality theories and comparing them together is one way to increase our understanding about personality. Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory and Alfred Adler’s Individual Psychological Theory are the two particular theories...
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...Theory The theory of individual psychology is based on Alfred Adler’s individual psychology proposal. Adler’s personality theory, individual psychology is a theory of human behavior stressing the attempt to overcome feelings of inferiority by benefiting the commitment to accomplish personal goals that have a purpose in the community (Schultz, 113). From his perspective he saw everyone as being social. We are all different individuals but our personalities are different based on our communication with others and our surroundings (Schultz, 113). He also thought the route of our personalities was based on the conscious versus the unconscious because more importantly we are always working on ourselves and managing our future. Summary of major principles One of the first major principles of individual psychology is “The Source for Human Striving.” Due to Alfred Adler’s early experience with his illness he felt he provided more on the inferiority and superiority complexes. In individual psychology inferiority complexes are a natural circumstance of all individuals or otherwise known as all humans striving (Shultz, 116). To overcome the inferiority complex you need to have compensation, which are the effort people need to conquer the feeling of inferiority and to tackle for more high levels of development. According to the individual psychology theory this action starts from the time you are an infant to when that infant is aware of their parents. As a baby you know your parents...
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...women based more upon their physicality. Heloise’s distresses regarding the status of women, more specifically the status of women in her convent, stem from the physical differences and inferiority women were understood to have. While Abelard does make mention to the physical weakness of women and Heloise does reference the importance of intention, the two view the status of women differently. Although women were universally accepted as being the inferior sex, Abelard believes through spirituality, commitment, and intention that women can certainly rank equally and even higher than men. In the opening lines of his letter responding to Heloise’s concern, Abelard quickly presents his understanding and view of the status of women through the words of Luke’s Gospel in which it reads, “As he came to call and redeem both sexes, he deigned to unite them in the true monkhood of his congregation, so that the authority of this profession is therefore granted to men and women alike and the perfection of the life he proposed is to be imitated by everybody.”(page 112) This quote indicates that Abelard believes that it was Christ’s intention for women to have heard the same call to monkhood as men. Abelard presents his claim that the spirituality of women is far more important than their physical inferiority by questioning Mary...
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...parents. Adler was the son of a Jewish grain merchant. During his early child hood Alfred developed rickets, from this Adler was unable to walk until the four and at the age of five he developed pneumonia which he almost died from. At an early age Alfred knew that he wanted to be a physician. Alfred considered himself a normal child preferring to be outside rather that in school. Adler was active and well known. In 1895 Adler received his Medical Degree from the University of Vienna in 1895 and later married his wife Raissa Timofeyewna Epstein in 1897 and had four children of which two became Psychiatrists. (Adler, 2009) Adler career began as an Ophthalmologist, which he later switch to General practice and clients were of a poor class. Adler made another switch as a Psychiatrist in 1907 and later was invited to Freud’s discussion group. Adler wrote many papers on “Organic inferiority” which was similar to the views of Freud. One of Adler first papers that he wrote was about aggression and instinct that Freud disagreed with. The strong views of that paper was not enough to stop Sigmund Freud, from naming Adler as the president of the “Viennese Analytic Society and the co-editor of the organization news letter.” The feud between Adler and Freud did not stop the criticism of Adler against Freud work that suggested that the sexual notion of Freud work was more metaphorically than literally.” Adler later resigns from the Viennese organization. In 1934 Adler and his family...
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...Roderick’s Intimate and Platonic Relationships Due to continuous imprinting of emotional, physical and sexual abuse, Roderick finds interacting with others as a challenge. For that reason, it appears that Roderick is prone to sabotaging any type of intimate and/or platonic relationship before it could develop into a possible healthy one. This is why it seems as if he is encountering a conflict within his personality. Roderick’s conflicting personality described within the psychoanalytic model According to Freud theory on the intrapsychic conflict, “The id, ego and superego do not coexist peacefully (Cloninger, 2013, p. 30). Therefore, observing Roderick’s behavior it can appear that his id, ego, and superego personality are disagreeing. In...
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...Comprehensive Analysis Case Study Cheryl M. Todd PSY7220 Capella University Abstract This comprehensive case analysis will follow Gwen Cohen-Green through the following three stages of development: early childhood, middle childhood, and early adolescence. Within each of the three stages I will identify Gwen’s social and emotional development, theories pertaining to her development, validation, and predominate factors. A complete analysis and synthesis will support the findings, and recommendations will be given to support her. Table of Contents Introduction Case Study: Early Childhood Case Study: Middle Childhood Cased Study: Early Adolescence Analysis and Synthesis Recommendations Conclusion References 1 1-5 5-10 10-15 15-16 16-17 17 18-20 Comprehensive Analysis Case Study Introduction This study will identify the child I have chosen for my case study project and follow her through each of the following stages: early childhood, middle childhood and early adolescence. Secondly, the study will include an analysis and synthesis of developmental domains and of environmental and influential factors and finally, the study will make recommendations for optimal development. Early Childhood: Case Study Gwen Cohen-Green is an only child that lives with both her mom and dad in a suburban setting. Mom and dad both work long hours with mom being the primary parent to attend conferences as well as being the disciplinarian. Gwen’s parents are...
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...Personality Theorists Assignment | Personal Growth Lab | Submitted by :Neeraja Padman (11PGDMHR32) | ALFRED ADLER – INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGY Although his writings revealed great insight into the depth and complexities of human personality, Adler evolved a basically simple and parsimonious theory. To Adler, people are born with weak, inferior bodies—a condition that leads to feelings of inferiority and a consequent dependence on other people. Therefore, a feeling of unity with others (social interest) is inherent in people and the ultimate standard for psychological health. More specifically, the main tenets of Adlerian theory can be stated in outline form. The following is adapted from a list that represents the final statement of individual psychology (Adler, 1964). Alfred Adler postulates a single "drive" or motivating force behind all our behavior and experience. By the time his theory had gelled into its most mature form, he called that motivating force the striving for perfection. It is the desire we all have to fulfill our potentials, to come closer and closer to our ideal. It is, as many of you will already see, very similar to the more popular idea of self-actualization. "Perfection" and "ideal" are troublesome words, though. On the one hand, they are very positive goals. Shouldn't we all be striving for the ideal? And yet, in psychology, they are often given a rather negative connotation. Perfection and ideals are, practically by definition, things...
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...Myers-Briggs Assessment I will discuss the concepts of my personality type and cognitive style results from the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator assessment; a personality test. I will give an analysis of my results; discuss favorable employment based on the profile originated for me, compare and contrast the results based on how I see myself, and my dominant cognitive patterns. According to my MBTI assessment I’m an INFJ personality. I’m 33% introvert, 50% intuitive, 25% intuitive feeling and 22% judging. The results seem pretty accurate with my personality. The profile states that INFJs hold deep convictions about the weightier matters of life, which I do. According to the profile INFJs are often found in the wake of an emergency, rescuing those who are in acute distress, and are champions of the oppressed and downtrodden which I always find myself doing. I seem to be an arm’s length to anyone in need. People tend to come to me in their time of distress for money (I try to help everyone and go without), someone to talk to (I listen well), or give my opinions or advice (I give the best biblical advice I can). The profile states that INFJs may fantasize about getting revenge on those who victimize the defenseless (http://www.humanmetrics.com). I used to have this mind set. As an adult and Christian, this attitude is no longer an option. Romans 12:19 states, Do not take revenge, my friends, but leave room for God's wrath, for it is written: "It is mine to avenge; I will repay," says...
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...mean body mass in the NMES group was 30.6 kg/m2. Table 2 shows the preoperative outcome measures (flexion, extension, KSS score, WOMAC score, Get-Up-and-Go test) in both groups to have no significant differences. The ratio between genders of each group was also similar, including more women than men (conventional therapy group- 21 women and 13 men; NMES group- 25 women and 7 men). This study also included specific inclusion and exclusion criteria that also increases the similarities between these groups. Were the subjects masked or blinded to their group assignment? This study did not state whether or not these subjects were masked or blinded. However, one may conclude that these subjects were not blinded due to the fact that they knew what type of therapy they were receiving. Were patients, physicians, and those doing the assessments "blind" to treatment? This study also did not state whether the patients, physicians, and those doing the assessments were masked or blinded during this study. However, it can be inferred that it would be difficult for them to be blinded to the treatment since they are the ones randomizing and setting up these treatments for each group. Did the investigators manage all of the groups in the same way except for the experimental interventions? Yes, both groups were managed in the same way except for the experimental interventions. All surgical procedures were performed at the same hospital by the principal investigator using the posterior-stabilized Optetrak...
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...Esther Faith B. Montilla BS PSYCHOLOGY-II Freud : Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud is considered to be the father of psychology by his supporters and his adversaries. Many may choose to disagree with his theories but none would deny that it raised interest, controversy, discussions, research and more theories. Many of Freud’s theories are perceived to be appalling in today’s society but especially so for his generation. His theories were enormously influential, but subject to considerable criticism both now and during his own life. Sample of these major theories are The Conscious and Unconscious Mind in which Freud believed that behavior and personality derives from the constant and unique interaction of conflicting psychological forces that operate at three different levels of awareness which are the preconscious, the conscious, and the unconscious. The Id, Ego and Superego which states that personality is composed of three elements which are known to be the id, ego and superego. Psychosexual Development which describes how personality develops during childhood. Defense Mechanisms or ways that we protect ourselves from things that we don't want to think about or deal with. Freudian Slips which is a verbal or memory mistake that is believed to be linked to the unconscious mind. And the Interpretation of Dreams in which Freud explained that our dreams have manifest content which refers to the surface meaning or the conscious description and the latent content which refers...
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...the origins and contributions that cultivate personality (Feist & Feist, 2009). In the contents of this paper will analyze and compare the assumptions and theories of Adler, Individual Psychology and Karen Horney, Psychoanalytic Social Theory and the debate on deterministic versus free will. Alfred Adler – Individual Psychology Assumptions At one time Alfred Adler was in Sigmund Freud’s inner circle but eventually broke away and developed his own school of thought which he labeled “Individual Psychology”. Adler was in disagreement with Freud over the importance of sexuality in personality development (Ciccarelli & Meyer, 2006). Adler’s development of the theory that as young, helpless children, people all develop feelings of inferiority when comparing themselves to the more powerful, superior adults in the world (Ciccarelli & Meyer, 2006). However, Adler also states that a person’s personality and behavior represents how he or she perceives the physical world. Adler had the belief that a person’s personality is a whole unit and behavior was consistent although it did not appear to be by others (Feist & Feist, 2009). From birth, a person is constantly striving for superiority and setting goals for him or herself. The final goal is fictionalized and gives the power to the person to freely shape their behavior and create their personality. If the behavior is irrational or controlling, such behavior may damage the...
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...According to Erik Erikson there are eight stages of social development that each child should go through. First of which being learning basic trust versus mistrust, this starts at infancy and continues through two years of age. This occurs when the child is treated with love, care and nurture. When the child does not receive this the child adapts a sense of mistrust and insecurities. The second is learning self-secureness versus shame, a child around the age of two years to four years would show a sense of self they would start to pull out their own independence and self-worth. Children who do not have the care and nurture that they need start to seem to rebel a little, they will show more stubbornness, and throw more tantrums than that of the normal well parented child. The third is learning initiative versus guilt. In this stage it refers to children who are age’s four to seven or as it is often referred to as the “play age.” This is where a child’s imagination starts to heightens form active play. A child learns how to play and share with others. A child who exhibits the need and desire to stick close to an adult, hides away from groups and it will ultimately restrict their play and social habits. The fourth stage of social development is Industry versus Inferiority .In this the child learns to master the more formal skills of life: Being able to relate with his/ her peers by the rules going from free play to play that may be set forth as a partnership or in a group with specific...
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...| | The three psychoanalytic approaches to personality could not be much different. Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytical approach focuses mainly on childhood development and sexual urges. Carl Jung felt that most human behavior could be traced to or caused by their unconscious. Alfred Adler, on the other hand, focused most of his approach on people’s motivation and superiority. Sigmund Freud believed that the psycho-sexual motivated human behavior. His psychoanalytic approach to personality was based on three different levels of personality. These three levels include the ID, the ego, and the superego. The ID (Latin for it) is immediate personal gratification or a human’s basic, instinctual drives and needs. The ID is the source of one’s needs, impulses and desires including sexual urges. The ego (Latin for I) is the organized part of Freud’s personality structure that embodies the perceptual, defensive, intellectual-cognitive, and the executive functions of humans. While this structure tries to please, it also takes into account the reality of the situation to get things done. The superego part of one’s psyche reflects ones values and morals. The superego strives for perfection and encompasses the part of the personality structure that includes spiritual goals and conscience. Sigmund Freud also believed that people had three separate conscious. These three conscious include the conscious, the unconscious, and the preconscious. This was known as the topographic...
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