...Epidemiology Case Study 1 Managerial Epidemiology – HAS 535 – Descriptive Epidemiology Case Study: Diabetes Descriptive Epidemiology Case Study 2 Diabetes, the sixth leading cause of death in the United States is a disease in which the body has a shortage of insulin, a decreased ability to use insulin, or both. Insulin is a hormone that allows glucose (sugar) to enter cells and be converted to energy. When diabetes is not controlled, glucose and fats remain in the blood, and, overtime, damage vital organs. In a healthy person, blood sugar levels, which fluctuates based on food intake, exercise and other factors are kept within an acceptable by insulin. Insulin, the hormone produced by the pancreas, helps the body absorb excess sugar from the bloodstream; therefore, in people with diabetes, the pancreas does not produce insulin thus increasing the blood sugar levels making it difficult to be controlled by insulin. Type 1 diabetes, diagnosed in children and young adults (although it can occur at any age) is an autoimmune disease that may be caused by genetic, environmental or other factors. It accounts for about 5 percent of diabetes cases. Although there are no known ways to prevent it, administration of insulin is an effective treatment. Type 2 diabetes which accounts...
Words: 2549 - Pages: 11
...Diabetes In the questionnaire attached to this document, we are able to recognize the signs and symptoms that my case study receives and we can then compare it against the signs and symptoms the NHS believe people receive when they have diabetes. My case study explains that she has suffered with diabetes for quite some years and was diagnosed in 2004 a year after moving to the UK from Antigua. She explains the changes she had to make in order to reduce the symptoms of her diabetes and how she has managed in keeping up the lifestyle changes. She suffers from other illnesses also and some of the lifestyle changes have helped to reduce symptoms of the other illnesses also. Diabetes is caused by you having too much glucose in the blood. The blood glucose levels are regulated by the hormone insulin. My case study has Type 2 diabetes and the following information tells us how she may deal with it. Insulin is needed for moving glucose out of the blood and into the cells where it is broken down and used to produce energy. There are many different types of diabetes including: TYPE 1 (IDDM – Insulin Dependent Diabetes) This is when the body produces little or no insulin because the immune system attacks the insulin producing cells in the pancreas. A lack of insulin causes the blood glucose level to become too high and the person to have a HYPERGLYCAEMIC attack. A HYPOGLYCAEMIC attack happens if the blood levels are too low i.e. too much insulin has been taken. TYPE 2 ...
Words: 1928 - Pages: 8
...Diabetes in the Youth: Epidemiology Paper May 2, 2016 University of Phoenix NUR/408 Diabetes in the Youth: Epidemiology Paper Diabetes has become a serious issue in our youth, even though the mortality rates have decreased over the years the rate is still too high. According to the CDC (2012), From 1968–1969 to 2008–2009, the death rate from diabetes among youths under the of 19 decreased 61%, from 2.69 per million to 1.05 per million. The death rate among youths under 10 years of age decreased 78%, from 1.80 per million to 0.39 per million, and the death rate among youths aged 10–19 years decreased 52%, from 3.56 per million to 1.71 per million (Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2012). The seriousness of these statistics shows that diabetes is disease requiring significant attention in the youth population. Epidemiological studies are needed in order to direct healthcare in the youth population and to provide effective interventions designed to reduce the prevalence and incidence rates of diabetes amongst our youth. Definition and Purpose of Study The purpose of epidemiology is to study disease and as a tool of community health it performs this function through a series of steps: 1. Search for determinants – A search for causes and factors that influence public health such as disease or high risk behaviors such as drug use. 2. Study of events- Health-related states or events need to be studied such as chronic diseases, injuries, birth defects, maternal-child...
Words: 2003 - Pages: 9
...Evidence-Based Practice Project—Paper on Diabetes Name Institution Evidence-Based Practice Project—Paper on Diabetes Introduction Diabetes, often called by health experts, diabetes mellitus, is a metabolic condition which causes an increase in the level of blood sugars (Stehouwer, 2009). Patients suffering from diabetes become increasingly hungry (polyphagia) and thirsty (polydipsia) (Friesen, 2003). In addition, they experience polynuria, which is a condition characterized by frequent urination. Diabetes can be categorized into three types. The first group is Type 1 diabetes. It is also known as juvenile or insulin-dependent diabetes. It often develops in early adulthood, before an individual attains 40 years. The second-type and most common is the type 2 diabetes. It accounts for close to 90% of all diabetes cases reported around the world. It occurs when the body cells fail to react to insulin in the body. In addition, type 2 diabetes can occur when the beta cells in the body are not able to produce adequate insulin (Tuomi, 2005). 3) Gestational diabetes. It affects women, especially during pregnancy periods (Feig, 2012). Hence, this paper on diabetes will provide a brief summary of the disease process. In addition, the paper will also focus on a study on diabetes in an article entitled, “Hemoglobin A1C as a Diagnostic Tool for Diabetes Screening and New-Onset Diabetes Prediction," by highlighting the purpose of the study, method of study, findings and its implications to nursing...
Words: 1018 - Pages: 5
...Evidence-Based Practice Project—Paper on Diabetes Name Institution Evidence-Based Practice Project—Paper on Diabetes Introduction Diabetes, often called by health experts, diabetes mellitus, is a metabolic condition which causes an increase in the level of blood sugars (Stehouwer, 2009). Patients suffering from diabetes become increasingly hungry (polyphagia) and thirsty (polydipsia) (Friesen, 2003). In addition, they experience polynuria, which is a condition characterized by frequent urination. Diabetes can be categorized into three types. The first group is Type 1 diabetes. It is also known as juvenile or insulin-dependent diabetes. It often develops in early adulthood, before an individual attains 40 years. The second-type and most common is the type 2 diabetes. It accounts for close to 90% of all diabetes cases reported around the world. It occurs when the body cells fail to react to insulin in the body. In addition, type 2 diabetes can occur when the beta cells in the body are not able to produce adequate insulin (Tuomi, 2005). 3) Gestational diabetes. It affects women, especially during pregnancy periods (Feig, 2012). Hence, this paper on diabetes will provide a brief summary of the disease process. In addition, the paper will also focus on a study on diabetes in an article entitled, “Hemoglobin A1C as a Diagnostic Tool for Diabetes Screening and New-Onset Diabetes Prediction," by highlighting the purpose of the study, method of study, findings and its implications to nursing...
Words: 1018 - Pages: 5
...Nurse NUR408 January 2011 Nancy Nurse, EdD, RN, PHN, LSN Epidemiology: Global and Public Health According to the Centers for Disease Control, “diabetes affects 25.8 million people, 8.3% of the U.S. population” (Center for Disease control and Prevention, 2012, par 1). Twice as many African Americans are likely to develop diabetes than Caucasian Americans. These statistics represent how serious diabetes has become for the black community. Epidemiology can focus healthcare efforts and interventions to help lower the incidence of diabetes of the African Americans. This paper will focus on the role of epidemiology in the observation of the frequency of diabetes in the morbidity and mortality of American of African decent. This paper will also include the definition and description of epidemiology, epidemiological methods, the epidemiological triangle, types of epidemiology, and prevention that is related with diabetes in the African American community. Definition and Description of Epidemiology Epidemiology is defined as, “the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to control of health problems.” (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012, p. 243). Epidemiology has provided an understanding of the factors, which contribute to health and disease, and the development of health...
Words: 1930 - Pages: 8
...are still struggling with numbers. There are not enough doctors and other para medical staffs to meet the growing number of patients. One way of dealing such problem is to educate the patients so that they can self mange their disease or conditions. It can only happen when they have knowledge about the disease they are suffering from.. In this essay, the client or the subject of study is a person suffering from type II diabetes. So what is diabetes education? It is all about assisting the client, their family and their care takers to gain knowledge about the disease, and empower them with skills and motivation power that will help in self management of the disease. This provides them with certain knowledge of what to do, when to do, how to do, and when to seek the help of a professional health practioner? The next question in this field which emerge is who can be an educator? Those persons who are recognized by the medical council of the respective countries are eligible for providing education to the patient. A person must seek diabetes education when he/she being diagnosed with any type of diabetes, need of monitoring blood glucose level at home, difficulty to access the facilities , insulin therapy starting, hospitalization situation comes frequently etc. There are many other...
Words: 1487 - Pages: 6
...Diabetes is a disease that involves a problem in hormone insulin. The causes of diabetes are determined by various factors such as obesity, genetic factors, lack of exercise and other related factors. Not all obese people are prone to diabetes, but it is a factor to consider. People should practice healthy lifestyles to avoid getting this disease (Bril, Franklin, Backonja, Cohen, Del Toro, & Zochodne, 2011). Most diabetes problems experienced in children is due to either genetic factors or poor eating habits. According to research, cases of diabetes seem to be increasing at a fast rate in America. Estimates also reveal that by the year 2030, the number of people living with diabetes will be double. Treatment procedure for diabetes as suggested...
Words: 1011 - Pages: 5
...interventions. Following this assignment, it is demonstrated how the process of evidence-based practice can be utilized in the case of Mr. Banks to provide viable solutions to challenges faced as a result of depression and type 2 diabetes. The work commences with the problem identification. Then an answerable question is developed to guide the work in identifying the best evidence-based literature to address Mr. Banks’ issue. The identified scholarly material...
Words: 1409 - Pages: 6
...TYPE 2 DIABETES 1 Type 2 diabetes TYPE II DIABETES MALLITUS 2 Abstract Diabetes mallitus is a disease in which there are high levels of blood sugar in affected individual. It is also called as Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mallitus or Adult Onset Diabets. This disease results due to a defect in the functioning of insulin in the body. It can either be in a form of insulin deficiency, or insulin resistance. Type II diabetes mallitus is a familial disease in some cases where it runs in families. In such cases, it is most commonly a result of weight gain. Obesity is a major risk factor for type II diabetes mallitus in those persons in whom there is a strong family history of diabetes. Normally, the blood glucose levels higher than 200 mg/dl are considered to be alarming and require confirmatory tests for diagnosis. Type 2 diabetes 3 CAUSES: Type II diabetes mallitus can either be a result of: 1. Insulin deficiency or 2. Insulin resistance. Insulin is basically required for metabolism of the blood glucose, When metabolised by insulin, the glucose is moved to its storage places in the cells and thus used as required. Insulin is produced by the islets of Langerhan’s in the pancreas. A defect in these cells results in a deficiency of insulin. Insulin resistance results due to a resistance...
Words: 1230 - Pages: 5
...Diabetes, breast cancer, and tuberculosis are three important health concerns issues in the United States and in other parts of the world, but let’s be clear about this, there are several other important health issues affecting our people that have very significant importance. My criterion for selection is the United State, English language, and no specific age group. Diabetes as we know is when the body fails to produce enough insulin, which then causes sugar to build up in your blood. Diabetes affects over 25.8 million people, which is 8.3% of the U.S population, of that 18.8million people are diagnosed and 7.0 million undiagnosed. Among U.S. residents aged 65 years and older 10.9 million, or 26.9%, had diabetes in 2010. About 215,000 people younger than 20 years had diabetes (type 1 or type 2) in the United States in 2010. About 1.9 million people aged 20 years or older were newly diagnosed with diabetes in 2010 in the United States. Type I diabetes was previously called insulin dependent mellitus or juvenile-onset diabetes. Type I diabetes develops when the body’s immune system destroys pancreatic beta cells, the cells that produce insulin that regulates blood glucose. To survive, people with this type must have insulin delivered by injection or pump. This type normally strikes children and young adults, but may occur at any age according and type I diabetes accounts for 5% of all diagnosed cases of diabetes. Risk factors can be may be autoimmune, genetic, or environmental...
Words: 1846 - Pages: 8
...Epidemiology Paper According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics, "[By 1993] death certificates listed diabetes as the fifth leading cause of death for Blacks aged 45 to 64, and the third leading cause of death for those aged 65 and older in 1990” (Bailey, 2007, p. 1). These statistics show how serious the problem of diabetes has become in the black community. Epidemiological studies can focus the efforts of the healthcare community to effective interventions aimed at lowering the prevalence and incidence of diabetes among African Americans. Epidemiology Paper Roles This paper will explore the role of epidemiology in the surveillance of the incidence of diabetes in the morbidity and mortality of Americans of African descent. This paper will also discuss the definition and purpose of epidemiology, epidemiological methods, the epidemiological triangle and levels of prevention that is related with diabetes in the African American community. Definition and purpose of epidemiology in epidemiology paper The definition of epidemiology is very important if one is to use the definition to describe its purpose. “A common definition of epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of disease frequency in human populations” (Savitz, Poole, & Miller, 1999, p. 1159). A better description of epidemiology is the analysis of the incidence and spread of disease within populations, with the aim of establishing...
Words: 1834 - Pages: 8
...How to control complication of type 2 Diabetes Palakkumar Patel Monroe College Abstract This paper is presenting about how to control complication of type 2 diabetes. In the USA 90% of diabetes patients suffering from type 2 diabetes. In every year lots of patients going to die due to type 2 diabetes complication. In previous studies review is presenting about due to type 2 diabetes so many complications are occurring in different part of the body and some study is presenting about due to health education we can reduce the problem in community. By doing heath education, continues health check up and doing some personal health counseling about diet and personal lifestyles.in school health education also effect on child on diet personal life styles. How to control complication of type 2 Diabetes Chapter 1: Introduction Diabetes is a leading cause of adult-onset blindness, kidney failure, and non traumatic limb amputations; significantly higher risk for coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, and stroke, and they have a hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity; Diabetes is a the seventh leading cause of death in the United States (1). USA is expending $245 billion annually for health care expenditures and productivity losses and is a leading driver of growing Medicare expenditures for controlling glucose levels, blood pressure (BP), and lipid levels and avoiding tobacco, singularly or in combination, reduce the incidence of costly and disabling micro- and...
Words: 3883 - Pages: 16
...The incidence and challenges of Diabetes Mellitus type 2 in Saudi Arabia Name Institution The incidence and challenges of Diabetes Mellitus type 2 in Saudi Arabia The prevalence of diabetes mellitus type 2 cases in Saudi Arabia is currently estimated to stand at 17.7% for men and 16.4% for women. This constitutes about 33% in total. These records are according to the report of the International Diabetes Federation study done in the year 2015 (Afifi, et al. 2014). By the year 2015, there were 3.4 million people suffering diabetes from in Saudi Arabia. It happens to be amongst the leading 10 nations in the world in diabetes cases in general. It is projected that the prevalence for diabetes mellitus type 2 will be 20.8% for the whole population ("Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension And Hyperlipidemia Among Students And Employees In University Of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia," 2016). . The Saudi population is discovered very late because of the subtle nature of the disease. It does not have very clear symptoms from the beginning. Most of the people found with this type of diabetes are those with liver diseases and the cases are discovered during diagnosis of other sicknesses. The spread of the disease in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is attributed to two factors. The first is lifestyle, where people are reportedly engaged in smoking, poor eating habits leading to obesity, lack of physical exercise and negligence of medical checkups. The other factors that cause the spread...
Words: 1248 - Pages: 5
...talk about someone was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in 2007, the effect their lifestyle has had on their condition and what exactly the healthcare provision is doing to help. I will be changing the names of all people and places in line with the NMC(2008) Code of Conduct. I am doing my report on a 47 year old female who i will be referring to as Mrs X, she received the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes 5 years ago. Mrs X is currently classed as obese, very rarely exercises, drinks excessive alcohol and smokes around 20-30 cigarettes a day, so was at a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes, also she was 42 at the time of diagnosis and studies show that ‘’type 2 diabetes occurs mainly in people over 40 “Nice (2008)”. When she was younger Mrs X exercised regularly, ate healthily, very rarely drank alcohol and before being diagnosed with type 2 diabetes never had any health problems. However after having children it became hard for Mrs X to make time to exercise and she also took to eating ready meals and fast food as it was quicker and easier. It is likely that her change in lifestyle gradually contributed towards developing type 2 diabetes. Recent statistics (NHS 2008) show that of all people aged 35 and over, classified as having a raised waist circumference, men were twice as likely and women four times as likely to have type 2 diabetes. Eating unhealthily and being inactive are contributory factors when it comes to diagnosing diabetes type 2, it has been proven that muscle cells...
Words: 2622 - Pages: 11
