...PHI/105 N/A N/A Comparison Essay The three main types of philosophy, also known as schools of thought, are continental, pragmatic, and analytic philosophies. With analyzing these three types of philosophy, we can compare and contrast them and see what they are and how they are used. The first school is continental philosophy. Continental philosophy is a general term, which is supplementary with the philosophical opinions that originated on the continent of England in the 20th century (Moore & Bruder, 2011). It has numerous theories for instance, there are critical theory, deconstruction, existentialism, hermeneutics, phenomenology, and structuralism (Moore & Bruder, 2011). The schools of thought accompanying continental which are the most important the two are existentialism and phenomenology (Moore & Bruder, 2011). The best known philosophers associated with continental philosophy are Martin Heidegger and Jean-Paul Sartre (Moore & Bruder, 2011). Some themes of existentialism are traditional and academic philosophies are from the uncertainties of real life, the world is irrational, and the world is absurd in the sense that there are not explanations that can be given for the way that it is. These are not all the themes for this school of thought nonetheless these are the most fascinating (Moore & Bruder, 2011). The second type philosophy is pragmatic. Pragmatic philosophy is a type of philosophy that rejects the idea that there is such a thing as absolute...
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...Explanations of the Branches of Philosophy Jacqueline T. Ashley April 3, 2016 AIU Online Professor Ian McDougall Explanations of the Branches of Philosophy Philosophy is the study of the primary essence of knowledge, reality, and existence, mainly when viewed as an educational regimen. Philosophy includes an approach of questions and answers among a couple of individuals; this approach is referred to as a dialogue. In a dialogue, an individual is searching for a reasonable view and comprehension and the other individual already has to understand and wants to assist the other. Philosophy encompasses six branches to aid in the comprehension of the orderly and logical approach to philosophy. The six branches are Metaphysics, Epistemology, Ethics, Aesthetics, Political philosophy, and social philosophy. The first branch in understanding in understanding philosophy is Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that handles the first concepts of things, including conceptual principles like being, knowing, substance, cause, identity, time, and space. Metaphysics is the first branch of philosophy credible for the research of existence and reality. It answers the question “What is?” It involves everything that occurs or lives as well as the type of existence itself. It determines whether the society is actual or simply a hallucination. It is an underlying perspective of society. It is the base of philosophy. If there was no justification or explanation of the society surrounding...
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...ACCRA, NOVEMBER, 2011 Table of content pages Introduction 1 1. Philosophy of history 1 2. Philosophy of religion 4 3. Logic 6 4. Ethics 8 5. Cosmology 10 6. Philosophy of mind 12 7. Metaphysics 14 8. Philosophy of beauty 16 9. Philosophy of language 18 10. Philosophy of science 20 11. Epistemology 21 Conclusion 23 Bibliography 24 Introduction Philosophy is the pursuit of wisdom. Philosophy at this contemporary world has gone through a lot of changes before getting to this stage. It can be seen in the historical perspective and also the topical perspective. The historical or chronological is when we look at the ideas of some philosophers in the past how they influence society with their way of thinking and the motive behind them. In these chronological system is the ancient era, the medieval era, the modern era and presently the contemporary era. In the beginning all systematic search for knowledge was philosophy. This is clearly seen in the modern university where the highest degree granted in all of the science and humanities is the Ph. D. the doctor of philosophy. But the children began to leave home. The first to leave was physics and astronomy. As they begun to develop experimental techniques of their own. This exodus, led by Galileo and Isaac Newton and Johannes...
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...RESEARCH METHODS 17/08/2014 1. Five layers of research approaches (research onions) * Research philosophy * Research approaches * Research strategy * Time horizons * Data collections i. Research philosophy: this is a research layer which involves positivistic philosophy, realistic philosophy and interpretive philosophy 1. Positivistic philosophy: this aims at derivation of laws similar to those in the physical and natural sciences. 2. Realistic philosophy: this shares two features with a positivism philosophy. 3. Interpretive philosophy: asserts that the assumptions of both philosophies are unwarranted. ii. Research approach: this comprises of two reasoning, inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning. Deductive reasoning is a testing theory from generalization to specification while inductive reasoning is a building theory from specification to generalization. iii. Research strategy: this comprises of two main parts; quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative has to do with theorem proving, controlled experiments, mathematical modeling etc. while qualitative has to do with artifacts, document analysis, focus group, ethnography etc. iv. Time horizons: this considers the amount of time you have; do you want your research to be a snapshot or diary? Where snapshot reflects cross-sectional studies and diary reflects longitudinal studies. v. Data collection:...
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...way or another in an attempt to deter you from committing that or any other crime ever again. The whole reason for this type of system is to reprimand an individual for things that we have ruled illegal or not socially acceptable, and therefor we have developed a system of punishments in order to combat all that is wrong with society. You could argue whether this is an effective system though, for the fear of punishment is not always an effective deterrent and therefore has no effect on the future criminals mind. The fear of punishment is something that we have been threatened with ever since we were a kid, I truly believe that all we have learned since then is how to better attempt to get away with doing something wrong, and not be afraid of the punishment that will follow if caught. We use punishment in all facades of the criminal justice system, whether it helps us achieve are desired goals, or is just what we feel to be are only effective option is, this is always debatable, but answers to these questions need to start coming soon, for changes must be made in order to make are criminal justice system the well oiled machine it needs to be. When it comes to the practical use of punishment, there are five recognized philosophies, there are, deterrence, incapacitation, rehabilitation, retribution, and restoration. The goal of each one of these philosophies is the overall prevention of crime, each one of them takes a different path to achieve that goal. The first option would...
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...requires defense from those forces who’d wish destruction upon liberty and freedom, it also has an equal need for a type of police system to protect each inhabitant of the country...
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...Effects of Philosophy From The Renaissance to the Modern Age Era Philosophy for most of Europe was latent throughout the entire Middle Ages which lasted nearly nine centuries. Medieval Philosophy was the only recognized and practiced philosophy during that time period. There were individuals during the Medieval time period that tried to preach different philosophies, however it was not something that was encouraged. If someone tried speaking publicly about a different way of life or theory on life, they were usually brutally chastised. When the Church began to restore power it helped to the “rebirth” of philosophy. Towards the late Middle Ages and beginning of the Renaissance era, there were several very influential philosophers’ starting to rise such as Marsilio Ficino and Giovanni Pico della Mirandola (Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2012). It was philosophers like these men that contributed towards the rebirth of philosophy. The Church did have some involvement in this movement as well. It was then that the Churches began to rise against foreign enemies and stand up for their selves. They started to break out of the orthodox way of life they were used to. The Church showed people that there is still hope. That is when people started to bestow their selves in the Church and grasped on to the thought of change. Once people started to think for themselves, they began to realize there is more to life, and life may actually have a purpose. That is where philosophy began...
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...1: Philosophy, sophism/sophistry, “pilosopo” 1 [Published in Rolando M. Gripaldo, ed. 2004. Philosophical landscape. Manila: Philippine National Philosophical Research Society.] PHILOSOPHY, SOPHISM/SOPHISTRY, “PILOSOPO” Rolando M. Gripaldo PHILOSOPHY: Ancient Philosophy literally means “love of wisdom.” In contemporary philosophy there are as many definitions of philosophy as there are schools of philosophy.1 What is interesting is that one school defines philosophy to the exclusion of other schools. For instance, the analytic school defines philosophy as the clarification of the meanings of words, phrases, and sentences, and it rejects metaphysical propositions as cognitively meaningless. Its emphasis is logic and language. On the other hand, the continental school defines philosophy in terms of the meaning of life and one’s relationship with the world and the Other (other human beings and/ or God). It considers the activities of the analytic tradition as meaningless to one’s life. Its emphasis is life. It is therefore advisable to just leave the definition of philosophy in its original etymological meaning, although even this is not safe. Quite recently, Hans-Georg Gadamer (1989), an hermeneute, has rejected epistemic wisdom as within the realm of human control. The ancient Greeks defined philosophy as love of (epistemic) wisdom. Thales, who is traditionally considered the father of philosophy, was interested in “knowing” the ultimate reality,...
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...All living creatures sleep in different environments and live under different conditions. This philosophy goes along with Perspective. All creatures has their own perspective along with individualism that makes them who they are. In the article “A Different Type of Individualism in Zhuangzi.” He talks about how in Zhuangzi there are conflicts between Individualism. In the Article he states“The Zhuangzian individualism is “inward” rather than “outward,” concentrating on individual spirit rather than material interests and rights in social reality. The individualism in the Zhuangzi provides a spiritual space for the development of individuality in ancient China. It also provides an alternative understanding of individual as an existence”(Keqian 14). This quote help explain the individualism and how there are two different types of individualism. Zhuangzi uses both types of individualism in his Discrimination story. In the story he says “Men eat the flesh of grass-fed and grain-fed animals, deer eat grass, centipedes find snakes tasty, and hawks and falcons relish mice” (Norton 797). This quote explains how different animals have their individual taste in food. This would be considered an inward individualism because it deals...
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...and helped influence other civilizations. A civilization has many factor that can make it great including: government, specialized work, record keeping, complex institutions, and advanced technology. The Greeks had the majority of these factors in their civilization, which contributed to their success. The Greeks’ government changed multiple times throughout their history and caused them to have multiple types of governments and leaders. All these power changes brought new ideas that helped their civilizations survive, including a new way of medicine. These power struggles also made people begin to think and questions their lives through the study of philosophy. One of the civilizations...
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...Description of Gray's Shampoo, Hair Conditioner, Body Wash All & ONE The new product "GRACY'S SHAMPOO, HAIR CONDITIONER, BODY WASH ALL & ONE" is for men and women. The product is available in different sizes and bottles. Our shampoo has all the nutrients like protein, vitamins and other essential organic products to improve the quality of hair and at the same time give their skin smoothness, unique, and successful. Our product will improve hair brightness and a mild sensation in their skin and hair growth. Our product contains no hypoallergenic that will not produce effects of irritation skin or hair. The bonus is the scalp tingling sensation. The introduction of our product on the market is therefore to perfect product for business philosophy. That we have implemented many years of research and studies based on the development of this product for its creation and development of it. II. Market Analysis The company has to select destination...
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...Philosophy has a major impact on the way that people make everyday decisions. From the thoughts we have, to the actions we take, whether it’s conscious or subconscious your philosophy plays a part in what you are doing. Philosophy gives everyone the opportunity to step back and get a better vision of where you are in life, where you have come from, and it will also give you a better idea of where you are trying to be in life. Philosophy is such a broad and thought provoking subject, and it is important to understand that philosophy is a thought process you practice. Philosophy is not something you learn out of a text book. Everyone has to nurture this thought process sometimes referred to as critical thinking. The actual breakdown of the word has a Greek origin it is two Greek roots: philein, a word that means “love,” and sophia, a word that means wisdom. When you put the two words together, it means “the love or pursuit of wisdom”. Philosophy can be considered to be many different truths, depending on the person and the ideas they have embraced through time. With the different twist and turns that philosophy can take, there had to be some way of classifying the different approaches. The approaches were broken down into 6 areas to be able to classify what type of research was being done. Philosophers like Bertrand Russell brought to our attention that we are quick to embrace the scientific explanation of the world but the Metaphysics or the idea that there may be an afterlife...
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...Assignment: Punishment Philosophy Paper There are five punishment philosophies used in the criminal justice system, deterrence, rehabilitation, incapacitation, retribution, and restoration. (Meyer & Grant, 2003) The goal of each philosophy is to prevent criminal offenses from occurring. The first philosophy is deterrence, this philosophy tries to convince people not to commit crimes or violate laws. When a person decides not to do something like parking in a handicapped space because they will be fined for breaking the law, this is called deterrence. Officers can decide to write a warning instead of taking formal actions like having the offender appear in court. (Meyer & Grant, 2003) The two types of deterrence used are known as general and specific. Specific deterrence or is when an offender decides not commits future crimes. General deterrence is a person decides not to commit a crime, because others were punished for similar crimes and do not want to deal with the punishment if caught. The philosophy of rehabilitation is when the criminal justice system tries to end criminal behavior by “curing” offenders of breaking the law. (Meyer & grant, 2003) Under the philosophy of rehabilitation a crime occurs when a criminal or “sick person” commits a crime. The person has a physical illness, psychological disorders, or a social disorder that causes them to commit these criminal offenses. The offenders that the system deems rehabilitated are...
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...of applied philosophy or to one of any educational philosophies that promote a specific type or vision of education, and/or which examine the definition, goals and meaning of education. As an academic field, philosophy of education is "the philosophical study of education and its problems...its central subject matter is education, and its methods are those of philosophy".[1] "The philosophy of education may be either the philosophy of the process of education or the philosophy of the discipline of education. That is, it may be part of the discipline in the sense of being concerned with the aims, forms, methods, or results of the process of educating or being educated; or it may be metadisciplinary in the sense of being concerned with the concepts, aims, and methods of the discipline."[2] As such, it is both part of the field of education and a field of applied philosophy, drawing from fields of metaphysics, epistemology, axiology and the philosophical approaches (speculative, prescriptive, and/or analytic) to address questions in and about pedagogy, education policy, and curriculum, as well as the process of learning, to name a few.[3] For example, it might study what constitutes upbringing and education, the values and norms revealed through upbringing and educational practices, the limits and legitimization of education as an academic discipline, and the relation between educational theory and practice. Instead of being taught in philosophy departments, philosophy of education...
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...down into many forms. While the traditional style of leadership still exist and is very prevalent, there are several modern leadership styles that have been created throughout the years. One modern style of leadership is servant leadership. This may actually sound like an oxymoron because how can you be a servant and leader at the same time. However, this leadership has been found to very effective in some settings. There has been a rise in new forms of leadership style due to people feeling that the traditional style of leadership just doesn’t work anymore. Traditional leadership has evolved to so many different forms of leadership one that will be discussed specifically is servant leadership. First, I will compare the basis of each type of leadership. I will then compare how both styles of leaders interact to their team and how their team respects them. Lastly, I will also explore the pros can cons of each leadership style. Leadership has evolved throughout the years and it is important to recognize the effectiveness of new forms of leadership. This paper will compare and contrast the values, attributes, interaction and team moral of traditional and servant style leaders. It will also highlight the similarities and differences of each leadership style. Reading this paper a person will learn that both styles have a similar foundation but somewhat different styles. It is important to understand that it is as a leader you can choose what style of leader you would like...
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