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Understanding Fixed Interest in a Portfolio

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Submitted By jodyfitz
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Understanding Fixed Interest in a Portfolio
Fixed interest securities should play a crucial defensive role in a balanced investment portfolio, providing predictable, regular income and acting as a foil against the losses made on equity holdings during times of economic downturn.
However, a poorly constructed defensive allocation will fail in meeting those objectives in times of market turmoil, as demonstrated in recent years. Not all assets that have been labelled fixed income are “true to label”, and furthermore, not even all bonds are made equal. Advisers need to be aware that some are inherently much more risky than others, and others are just not fit for purpose if the objective is to create a safe, predictable source of income that also diversifies a portfolio’s equity risk.
FIXED INTEREST/BONDS – A DEFINITION
Broadly, a bond can be defined as any debt instrument issued by a government/quasi-government entity or company/special purpose vehicle. In effect a bond is a commoditised, tradable loan where an investor provides capital in exchange for a legally enforceable promise by the issuer to pay the investor regular interest over a fixed period of time and principal at maturity.
Naturally, the ability to enforce payment will be a function of the solvency of the borrower. Therefore, assessing credit quality is vital in fixed interest investing. High quality issuers generally fund at lower yields whereas higher yields are paid by issuers of lower credit quality due to a higher risk of default.
The tradability of fixed interest securities means that their prices fluctuate in concert with movements in interest rates, whilst providing liquidity for investors needing to access their funds or wanting to change investment strategy.
An Example
An investor who holds a government bond with a face value of $10,000, paying a coupon of 6% and a maturity of five years,

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