...Constructing a new Structure- Building Codes The information in this document should be useful in making design-related decisions that will not only satisfy the move to our new building Information Technology (IT) requirements but also meet the needs of the building and its future occupants with respect to voice, video and data communications. The intention of this document is to provide a comprehensive understanding and reference guide that can be referred to when moving to our new building. Moving into our new building we need to follow certain cable codes and specification. A properly designed network is based around components or wiring units. The components should also follow certain performance specifications so that when installing we will know exactly what types of applications will be supported. The cable specifications and building codes requirements that we use will be based on * ANSI/EIA/TIA standards 568-C-- Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard * ANSI/EIA/TIA 569-- Commercial Building Standards for Telecommunications Pathways and Spaces; ANSI/EIA/TIA 606- Administration Standard for the Telecommunications Infrastructure of Commercial Buildings * ANSI/EIA/TIA 607-Commercial Building Grounding and Bonding Requirements for Telecommunications; BICSI Telecommunications Distribution Methods Manual (TDMM) and NFPA 70--National Electric Code (NEC). Cabling has changed over time. Cabling installations have evolved from proprietary systems...
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...Association and it assists with the development of the (NEC). The cabling is in sections 725 and 800. A code that would fit into the new building is NFPA 70, it deals with the proper installation of electrical systems and wiring. Knowing this code will help make sure all systems make sure all equipment will be properly installed and lower the risk of fire. The Federal Communications Commission issues guidelines that govern installation of telecommunications cabling and the design of communications devices built or used in the United States. Part 15 of the FCC rules addresses electromagnetic radiation of equipment and cables. It would be important to a new build because you do not want a bunch of hazardous equipment being set up improperly. Underwriters Laboratories, INC is a nonprofit product safety testing and certification organization. If the products installed have a UL mark that means the product has met the UL safety requirements. Using these products on a new build would make sense safety wise. UL 1666 applies to testing flame-propagation height for electrical and optical fiber cables installed in vertical shafts. This test makes sure that the flames will not spread up to another floor. The National Electrical Code article 110.26 calls for a minimum of 3’ to 4’ of clear workspace around all electrical equipment, so that safe operation can be done and maintenance can be performed. This would be used in the new building because it is important that repairs can be done safely...
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...Lairquneder Robinson 06 April 2015 Building a New Structure A lot of thought, decision, and design goes into building a new structure on a school campus. A few of those decisions goes towards what wiring and cabling the building will have. There are quite a few codes, standards, and specifications that needs to be followed. Some of those guidelines are NFPA, NEMA, FCC, UL, and NEC. NFPA stands for National Fire Protection Association. NFPA was founded in 1896 as a nonprofit organization to help protect property, people, and the environment from fire damage. It’s now an international organization representing over 100 countries with 65,000 members. NFPA’s mission is to help reduce the risk of fire through safety requirements, research, codes, and fire-related education. NFPA is published every three years. It covers issues related to electrical safety requirements and it’s not used as a design specification or instruction manual. NFPA publishes 300 codes and standards. They are designed to minimize the risk and effects of fire. Its over 200 technical codes-and standard- development committees and is comprised of over 2,000 volunteer seats. The volunteers vote on revision and proposals in a process that is accredited by the ANSI (American National Standards Institute). NFPA also provides free online access to its codes and standards. NEMA stands for the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. NEMA is the association of medical imaging and electrical equipment...
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...Twenty organizations that influence cable plant implementation are: 1) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) a) ANSI does not develop the American National Standards (ANS) documents, but it facilitates their development by establishing a consensus between the members interested in developing a particular standard. b) ANSI standards include, SCSI interface specifications, programming language specifications, and specifications for character sets. c) ANSI helped to coordinate the efforts of the Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) and the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) to develop ANSI/TIA/EIA-568, the cabling specification in the United States. 2) Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) d) The Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) was originally known as the Radio Manufacturers Association. Since then, the EIA has evolved into an organization that represents a wide variety of electronics manufacturers. e) The EIA is organized along specific product and market lines that allow each EIA sector to be responsive to its specific needs. These sectors include components, consumer electronics, electronic information, industrial electronics, government, and telecommunications. f) The EIA (along with the TIA) was the driving force behind the original ANSI/TIA/EIA-568 Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard. 3) Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) g) The Telecommunications Industry Association...
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...Constructing a new Structure- Building Codes The information in this document should be useful in making design-related decisions that will not only satisfy the move to our new building Information Technology (IT) requirements but also meet the needs of the building and its future occupants with respect to voice, video and data communications. The intention of this document is to provide a comprehensive understanding and reference guide that can be referred to when moving to our new building. Moving into our new building we need to follow certain cable codes and specification. A properly designed network is based around components or wiring units. The components should also follow certain performance specifications so that when installing we will know exactly what types of applications will be supported. The cable specifications and building codes requirements that we use will be based on * ANSI/EIA/TIA standards 568-C-- Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard * ANSI/EIA/TIA 569-- Commercial Building Standards for Telecommunications Pathways and Spaces; ANSI/EIA/TIA 606- Administration Standard for the Telecommunications Infrastructure of Commercial Buildings * ANSI/EIA/TIA 607-Commercial Building Grounding and Bonding Requirements for Telecommunications; BICSI Telecommunications Distribution Methods Manual (TDMM) and NFPA 70--National Electric Code (NEC). Cabling has changed over time. Cabling installations have evolved from proprietary systems...
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... 2. What concerns do US companies such as Honeywell have about buying components made in China? Is opening a US-based sales office an effective way for Suns to address these issues? US companies like Honeywell are worried about: 1) As factories are based in China, American clients’ only point of contact is the company’s regional sales person. Also, they have to judge a company and its capabilities on their face value. 2) Secondly, due to vast cultural and language differences, multiplied with distance and time zones made it difficult for local American companies to engage in formulating constructive business relationships. 3) Finally, referring to this case. Honeywell and its products were certified by Underwriter Laboratories ltd , the apex body for certification in its class. Whereas, majority of the Chinese companies (including Sun International) just had an ISO rating. Although, ISO is a renowned agency, Chinese companies should invest in getting a UL certification to be able to be able to access the whole of American market. By opening a sales office in America, Sun international would be accessible to more American companies looking for business, who were hitherto reluctant due to Sun not having a proper office in the country. Also, having a sales office is classic example of expansion and encouraging...
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...but also undergraduate degree. Contents: 1. Introduction 1 2.1 Background to the IPOs……….………...............................................................1 2.2 Problem Discussion………….……...…………………….………………….....4 2.3 Contribution of the study……………………………………….……...………..5 2. Literature Review 6 2.1 Lockup Agreements…………………………………………………………….6 2.2 The Stabilization process-price support………………………………………...7 2.3 A theoretical background to underpricing………………………...……………8 2.4 The adverse selection……………………………………………………...…....8 2.5 How can underwriters affect underpricing………………….……………..……9 2.6 The role of institutional investors……………………………………….……..11 2.7 Issuers’ holdings……………………………………………….………………11 2.8 Underwriters’ purchases…………………………………………………….…12 3. Development of Hypotheses 13 3.1 Information asymmetry & Underwriters’ holdings impact on IPO price………13 3.2 The issue of realizing profits……………………………………………………15 4. Methodology 16 4.1 Dataset and Measurement of Variables…………………………………………16 4.2 Empirical Models……………………………………………………………….17 5. Empirical Results 19 5.1 Trading in the Short Term………………………………………………………19 5.2 The information advantage issue………………………………………………..19 6. Conclusion 20 Reference 21-22 Appendix 23-38 Introduction: 1.1 IPOs background...
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...Christian University, and the Universities of Colorado, Houston, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Notre Dame, and Pennsylvania for useful comments. Chris Barry, Laura Field, Paul Gompers, Josh Lerner, Scott Smart, Li-Anne Woo, and Chad Zutter generously provided IPO data. Bruce Foerster assisted us in ranking underwriters. Underwriter ranks are available online at http://bear.cba.ufl.edu/ritter/rank.htm. Donghang Zhang supplied useful research assistance. Why Has IPO Underpricing Increased Over Time? Abstract In the 1980s, the average first-day return on initial public offerings (IPOs) was 7%. The average first-day return doubled to almost 15% during 1990-1998, before jumping to 65% during the internet bubble years of 1999-2000. Part of the increase can be attributed to changes in the composition of the companies going public. We attribute much of the increase in underpricing, however, to previously latent agency problems between underwriters and issuing firms. We argue that the increase in valuations over time has caused issuers to be more complacent about leaving money on the table. Keywords: Initial public offerings; agency problems; internet bubble; underwriter reputation 1 1. Introduction What explains the severe underpricing of initial public offerings in 1999-2000, where the...
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...[pic] IPO Valuation By: Ryan DeCoudres & Jose Alessandro de Vasconcelos March 24, 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 2 COMPANY AND INDUSTRY BACKGROUND 3 GOING PUBLIC 4 THE IPO PROCESS 5 JETBLUE VALUATION 10 RECOMMENDATION 12 WHAT HAPPENED 12 REFERENCES 15 INTRODUCTION Following the terrorist attacks of 9/11, the airline industry was in the doldrums. Many of the largest carriers in the nation had filed for bankruptcy protection and were asking the federal government for help so they could survive. Certainly few people at this time considered the airline industry to be an extremely profitable venture, but where others saw despair, David Neeleman, CEO and founder of JetBlue Airways, saw opportunity. In 2002, after 2 years of profitable operations and less than a year after the attacks that shook the industry to its core, JetBlue Airways had its Initial Public Offering (IPO) and went public. This case study outlines the IPO underwriting process and uses JetBlue as an example to describe the steps throughout the way. It also asks the analyst to come up with a valuation for this IPO, based on the financial and non-financial data presented. In the following pages, we will discuss the pros and cons of going public, the IPO process itself, and walk through the calculations that led us to our...
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...Individual assignment The social networking company Facebook, Inc. held its initial public offering (IPO) on May 18, 2012. The IPO was one of the biggest in technology, and the biggest in Internet history, with a peak market capitalization of over $104 billion. Facebook's founder and chief executive Mark Zuckerberg had for years been unwilling to take the company public and he resisted a number of buyout offers after Facebook's founding. The company did, however, accept private investments from companies--often technology firms. Question 1: What made Facebook go to public on May 18, 2012? Many reasons, what made Facebook going to public on May 18, 2012, but there are only 3 main reasons which are: * SEC Rule: The key reason Facebook is going public is because of an antiquated Securities and Exchange Commission rule from 1964 that says that any private company with more than 500 "shareholders of record" must adhere to the same financial disclosure requirements that public companies do. That means filing detailed quarterly and yearly financial reports, and dealing with all the scrutiny that comes with a powerful company opening its books. * Employees will breathe a sigh of relief: One big upside is that many employees can start cashing out, and the newfound wealth of a successful Facebook IPO would be widespread enough that it should be easy to spot. Given that, going public is important to help Facebook keep good people, although some newly rich always bolt (as happened...
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...Royal University of Law and Economics Case Study 26 “JetBlue Airways IPO Valuation” Lecturer: Kou Lim Hong Prepared By: 1. Ms. Khoun Davy 2. Ms. Khoun Dalin 3. Ms. Chiem Sothana 4. Mr. Soksithika 5. Mr. Oag Sothearith 6. Mr. Mov Vandara MFM, Group 2 team 6 2011-2012 Outline of The Presentation I. II. Introduction of Case Study Main Problem III. Literature Review IV. Case analysis V. Conclusion Outline of The Presentation I. II. Introduction of Case Study Main Problem III. Literature Review IV. Case analysis V. Conclusion Introduction of Case Study JetBlue Airway Background JetBlue airways are a low cost airline established in July 1999 by David Neeleman. David Neeleman was experienced in the operations of airline and start up airlines. The airline was to provide new levels of service in the airline travel industry, concentrating on customer service and low fares. Introduction of Case Study JetBlue Airway Background David Neeleman plan was to commit to innovation in people, policies and technology to keep the companies planes full and thus the company profitable. To ensure this goal and the company’s future David Neeleman assembled and impressive management team and group of investors. JetBlue’s COO was to be David Barger ex-vice president of Continental Airlines. John Owen who was executive vice-president and treasurer of Southwest Airlines agreed to become JetBlue’s CFO. Introduction of Case Study JetBlue Airway Background David...
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...Gregory Riley, CPCU Introduction unning an insurance company is like managing a supermarket, where the price of the product is determined by the checkout clerk.” This decades old quote was meant to accurately describe a process in which subjectivity and perceptions of individual underwriters determined prices. This highlights the historical concern for fairness, accuracy, and consistency in underwriting. When we look at the underwriter’s role today we find two startling realities: (1) the underwriting function, however described and accomplished, is pivotal for any insurer and (2) the industry does not appear to be investing adequately in the development of professional underwriters for the skills being demanded. This is most notable with the impending loss of senior talent to retirement and the increasing availability of electronic tools to support the function. The research in this article examines the changes in the underwriting process. The professional underwriter still brings accuracy, fairness, and a consistent approach to profit to the table for the future oriented insurance company. The success of the professional underwriter is critical for any insurer. However, that success depends on underwriters who can use technology to improve efficiency and drive down costs, and also to guide management risk based decisions across the enterprise. The industry is not investing adequately in attracting, training, and developing the skills required for sustaining...
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...takes to raise capital and what roles help the company begin an IPO. An investment banker is a person who is employed by a financial institution and is in the business mainly for boosting capital for companies, government, individuals or other entities. An investment banker sometimes works in a department within the bank and is involved with the above mentioned activities. Investment bankers can also arrange assistance to their clients such as financial advice on acquisitions, mergers, particular transactions, or even reorganization financial advice (Investopedia, 2014). An underwriter is an entity that carry-outs the civil issuance and delivery of securities against a company or other issuing body. An underwriter closely assists the issuing body to decide the offering price of securities. The underwriter then buys the securities from the issuer and sells them to investors by way of the underwriters network (Investopedia, 2014). An originating house is the development of creating a home mortgage or home loan. The originating operation has a borrower submit different types of financial information: paycheck stubs, tax returns, and personal bank information to the lender. The lender then takes the information and decides what type of loan the borrower qualify for. The lender relies heavily on the borrower's credit...
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...According to Mayo, 2012, “If this sale is the first sale of common stock, it is referred to as an initial public offering (IPO).” In this essay, we will attempt to describe the initial public offering for the global firm, Facebook, Inc. We will describe the role of the investment banker and underwriter, the role of an originating house and a syndicate, explain the pricing of the issue, discuss some of the risks involved in the public offering and how the securities laws deal with them, and discuss any foreign exchange risks the company can face with ideas about how to mitigate them. The first thing Facebook needed to do to launch their IPO was to hire an investment banker and an underwriter. Facebook hired thirty-three investments banks who acted as brokers to bring together individuals with funds to invest in Facebook. The underwriters in those investment banks together with Facebook agreed on a certain amount to raise on the IPO. Their underwriters provided several services, but the main role is basically to take responsibility of selling those shares to investors. If they fail to sell the shares, they still owe the agreed amount to Facebook. The investment bankers and their underwriters agree to assist Facebook in the sale of their shares of stock for a percentage of the gross sale. We will now discuss the role of the originating house and the syndicate. According to The Spaulding (2014) website an originating house...
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...Tunheim, United States District Judge for the District of Minnesota, sitting by designation. McMILLIAN, Circuit Judge. The Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, Realm of Missouri ("Missouri KKK"), and Michael Cuffley, the state coordinator for the Missouri KKK (together "appellants"), appeal from a final order entered in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri granting summary judgment in favor of the individual Curators of the University of Missouri and Patricia Bennett, general manager of the radio station KWMU (together "appellees"). For reversal, appellants argue that the district court erred in holding that, in light of certain facts not genuinely disputed, appellees' rejection of the Missouri KKK as an underwriter violated neither the First Amendment nor the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. For the reasons discussed below, we affirm the order of the district court. Background KWMU is a not-for-profit public broadcast radio station located on the campus of the University of Missouri at St. Louis ("UMSL"). KWMU is owned and operated by The Curators of the University of Missouri, a public corporation established under state law, see Mo. Rev. Stat. § 172.020 (1999), and licensed by the Federal Communications Commission ("FCC") to run the station. To help fund the station, KWMU operates an "enhanced underwriting" program within its sales division. Pursuant to federal law, the station acknowledges on air any individual or...
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