...inequalities among and within our public schools, and the major disadvantage this places on minority and low-income groups. In order to accurately suggest a policy to repair the cracks in our system, it is important to first understand the issues more in-depth. As Storer et al. poignantly state in “Moving Beyond Dichotomies…”, “…class, race and place are intricately bound to one another and a singular focus on any of these factors is an insufficient explanation for educational outcomes” (18-19). In other words, race, class, and location affect each other, and combined, they all play a crucial part in education. As an initial example, Storer et al. point to the...
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...undervalues education. Our school districts depend on and enforce property taxes to pay for schools. b. Educational assessments prove that we are far behind other countries. c. America needs to increase state aid rather than property taxation. Practical Implications a. Implications for school funding b. Implications for curriculum c. Implications for foreign countries Evidence a. PISA Survey Assessed 15 year-old students’ ability to read. Proves Canadians, on average, one school year ahead of American children. b. School funding and Property Taxes Conclusions: All my evidence supports my hypothesis. There is room for improvement in American schools, as well as more opportunities to more appropriately fund schools. When compared the Unites States is below average compared to the majority of other countries. References: The Editorial Board. (2013, December 17) Three Reasons Students Do Better Overseas. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/18/opinion/why-students-do-better-overseas.html?pagewanted=all&_r=1& OECD. (2011) Lessons from PISA for the United States, Strong Performers and Successful Reformers in Education, OECD Publishing. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264096660-en Ryan, Julia. (2013, December 3) American Schools vs. the World: Expensive, Unequal, Bad at Math. Retrieved from http://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2013/12/american-schools-vs-the-world-expensive-unequal-bad-at-math/281983/...
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...completely closed by schools because there are too many outside factors limiting student success. In the contrary, others believe that the achievement gap can be closed through curriculum based changes made by schools themselves. There are factors that both sides can argue but, through investigation, I found that it is not possible to close the gap between white students and African American and Hispanic students by the help of schools alone. The issues preventing schools from closing the achievement gap stem from factors outside of school. The issues start with racial bias rooted in the government and results in unequal funding being...
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...1. After watching the video “Unequal Education”, reading “Savage Inequalities” by Kozol and all other assigned documents, it is clear that there is in fact a relationship between poverty, race, and school spending per pupil. The relationship is the impoverished are generally non-white (black or Hispanic) and their school districts spend less on students than those that are located in more affluent, white areas. As a result, the more affluent areas provide children with many facilities for different activities, equipment to keep students engaged, and after school activities to keep students away from community dangers while poorer neighborhoods teach classes in storage rooms, provide an inadequate amount of equipment for each individual, and practically have non-existent after-school programs. Additionally, poorer school districts cannot afford enough teachers to comfortably accommodate all students. The difference that Kozol points out between the Montclair and East Orange high-school students is shocking. East Orange High School with 2,000 students has only four physical education teachers while Montclair High School, with only 100 students less, has 13 physical education teachers. In many case, teachers from poorer schools will teach multiple subjects that they are not familiar with or certified in. Even more shocking is how in Jersey City, the art budget is $2.62 per student (for one year), which Kozol states as being “less than the price of a pad of drawing paper at a K mart...
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...| Suburban School Policy | Sociology 4560 | | | | Deosia Miller | 10/21/2014 | | Abstract A recent paper I wrote for this class led me to choose suburban school policy as my midterm paper. As I read about rising poverty, it made me think of the students in these suburbs and how they are affected by the economic shifts taking place. I found that suburban school policy has undergone changes as the demographic of the communities schools change. I was also found that other policy was indirectly responsible for some of the problems America’s suburbs are currently facing. Two top news stories in August – the tragedy in suburban Ferguson, Missouri, and the end of the white-student majority in U.S. public school enrollments nationwide – speak to the changing identity of our nation, our suburbs and our public schools. Most of us had never heard of Ferguson, Missouri until it experienced recent civil unrest this past August. As I became curious about the town, I found it was one of many that are experiencing a change from an all-white enclave to home for many Blacks and Hispanics. Indeed, American suburbs are in the midst of an identity crisis. In many metro areas, the affluent and the poor, people of color and whites, the well-educated and poorly educated are “trading places” across urban-suburban boundaries. In fact, the number of Americans living below the federal poverty line is now greater in the suburbs than the cities, and fewer than 20 percent of...
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...University library are bullying and no child left behind act in regards to American schools. The paper will state the purpose of the research and determine the research questions and hypotheses for each article. Hypothesis occurs when a proposition is formulated for empirical testing, and a research question is the hypothesis that best states the objective of the research (Cooper & Schindler, 2014). “A declarative statement about the relationship between two or more variables, a hypothesis is of a tentative and conjectural nature” (Cooper & Schindler, 2014, pg58). In addition, the paper will identify the independent and dependent variables being manipulated or measured for each article. “The general research process contains three major stages, exploration of the situation, the collection of data, and analysis and interpretation of results” (Cooper & Schindler, 2014, pg139). The critical first stage is to clarify the research question. A better way to approach the research process is to state the basic dilemma, which will prompt the research to develop other questions by progressively breaking down the original question into more specific ones (Cooper & Schindler, 2014). The process begins with identifying the symptoms of the actual problems at the management dilemma level (Cooper & Schindler, 2014). The purpose of conducting business research for bullying in school is to prompt awareness of the danger it poses on students of all ages. Children are...
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...appropriate education. From August to September, depending on what state you live in, public schools open its doors to receive students who represent all demographic areas. While parents and students attempt to handle the financial concerns of purchasing clothes and supplies for the school year, a little stress is attached to how much the education they expect to receive will cost. Since 1965, through the legislative process, the federal, state, and local government assumed the responsibility for funding public schools (U.S. Department of Education, 2014). In an article completed by the Public Broadcasting System (Public Broadcasting System [PBS], 2008), the federal government allocates approximately ten cents to every dollar to education toward public education. The state and local governments supply the remaining money needed for public education to the 14,000 school districts throughout the United States who allocated the funds to the primary and secondary schools (PBS, 2008). Public education is the largest area of expense for the state in local governments around the United States accounting for approximately one-fifth of its budget (Moore, 2011). For example, in 2014, the state of Florida spent a total of 77 billion dollars out of which 29.9 percent was allocated to school districts around the state (Office of Policy and Budget, 2014). To determine how the funds are divided among school districts requires complicated formulas based on some money states can collect from local...
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...just leading meetings over the Texas education system, giving ideas of how to improve the education system, or make sure that school districts are regulated according to standards. Your job goes beyond that, the future of Texas students is in your hands. I believe that there has been an issue in the Texas education system since the beginning of it, and the problem originates by the bad funding of public school districts. I strongly believe in the United States constitution, and according to the fourteenth amendment everyone should be equal on the eyes of the law....
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...Society taking youths out of the classroom and into the system. So they are not being taught at the ages that are most precious in a child’s development. This comes to the other challenges in which race and ethnicity play a factor in a child’s life that is education. While in the system children of race, and ethnicity to be able to learn while they are in the system. Even when they come back to school it is hard for them to catch up with the rest of their class causing them to fall behind. NASW also said “Detained or committed youths are displaced from normal school environment and face difficulties reentering school after exiting the system” (190). The children when trying to come back face unequal treatment from the school, and its staff on a daily bases. In which cause then leave school, and possibly kick starting the cycle of being in the juvenile delinquent system. “28 percent of African American male students were suspended at least once during a school year in a national sample of over 9,000 middle schools. In which 10 percent was recorded for white male students” (NASW...
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...research problem. This stage can be considered the most difficult to understand. “A useful way to approach the research process is to state the basic dilemma that prompts the research and then try to develop other questions by progressively breaking down the original questions into more specific ones” (Cooper, D. & Schindler, P., 2011). We are going to take a look at bullying in our school systems, and no child left behind act. Children are the future, and we as leaders, mentors, and parents need to take better action to ensure the safety and well-being of our children. I would like to know if there is enough being done to ensure a future for our children. Are parent’s doing enough, and do they have the knowledge about this epidemic? What laws are in place, and what is being done to enforce those laws? Are we educating our children on bullying, and how serious this is? Most importantly, what can we individually do to stop this from happening? “ A stunning (and probably stunned) 71% of teachers stay out of or ignore teasing and bullying of students, according to a recent study of elementary-school bullying and teasing by Educational Equity Concepts (EEC), a national nonprofit organization that promotes bias-free learning” (Schroeder, 1999). I personally am appalled by this. Parents are expected to entrust teachers with their children’s welfare. Teachers must become more proactive, and get involved immediately. I believe there should be mandatory training that teachers must go...
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...Racism and Schools Author: D. E. Campbell Source: Pearson Allyn Bacon Prentice Hall Students of different ethnic groups (Latinos, Asians, Native Americans, African Americans, and European Americans) learn to read at dramatically different rates in our schools. The ethnic group you belong to makes a substantial difference in school achievement. Mexican Americans leave school at a higher rate than other Hispanics, and Hispanics drop out at a higher rate than do non-Hispanic Whites (Ramirez & de la Cruz, 2003). There has been a dramatic increase in the rate of segregation of Black and Latino students from White students in the nation’s public schools (Frey, 2006; Orfield & Lee, 2007). We are becoming a more divided nation. The reason for this is relatively straightforward: Schools for poor children and children of color are inadequately secure, staffed, and funded. Economic choices—for example, to unequally and inadequately fund schools—produce most of the differences in achievement that are used as evidence of racial superiority and inferiority. In May of 2001, a coalition of civil rights groups filed a class action lawsuit (Williams v. California) that documented the deplorable and even unsafe and unsanitary conditions in many of California’s schools that serve large numbers of students of color. What causes these unequal conditions? Among the causes is a sustained pattern of underfunding of these schools. These are deliberate decisions to maintain some schools well...
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...SOCIAL PROBLEM Educational Inequality: A Social Problem in the U.S. SOCIAL PROBLEM Educational Inequality: A Social Problem In the U.S. Introduction: The goal of education is to make sure that every student has a chance to excel, both in school and in life. Increasingly, children's success in school determines their success as adults, determining whether and where they go to college, what professions that they enter, and how much they are paid. Why is that getting a good education is dependent upon a person’s socioeconomic status? Education is a right in the U.S, but it seems to be accessible for the privilege. Why do we have inequality in education? Let’s look at different views explaining some possible causes or contributors to this issue. “Social inequality is the expression of lack of access to housing, health care, education, employment opportunities, and status. It is the exclusion of people from full and equal participation in what we, the members of society, perceive as being valuable, important, personally worthwhile, and socially desirable. Economic inequality is expressed through the unequal distribution of wealth in society. This has obvious ramifications in terms of the unequal distribution of what that wealth may purchase; housing, health care, education, career prospects, status - in our society, access to all these things is largely dependent on wealth. Because of the nature of our society - post industrial, competitive, capitalist, commercially driven...
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...Conclusion : Conclusion Globalization and technological advancements have both managed to change our country’s education system, economy and thus the entire work place. Politics, in theory and practice, affects education: its organization, policies, funding, operations, and outcomes. Testing, which was supposed to be a way of assessing reform, is now being treated as the actual reform. The Political Issues : The Political Issues There are several issues that have manifested themselves in the political arena in regards to our schools and the education being provided. These issues range from who controls and makes the decisions for our schools, to educational reform to teacher certifications, to the trend of free choice of school and funding Again, this is a matter of opinion. You can argue that our educational system favors the better-off of society and disfavors the poor. Our system pours more resources into the schools that need them less and deny them to the schools that need them more. So I would say that the economic factor involved in educational problems is inequality and poverty. Because there are poor and rich (and because they are geographically segregated) we end up having poor schools and rich schools. The poor ones end up with lower standards of education. I would say the political factor is our aversion to "redistribution." We do not like our tax dollars to go to pay for things that will help other people's kids. This is especially true when the...
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...The United States of America has really changed since the early debates on the role of public schools and the roles that the federal government plays in supporting and sustaining them. The importance of education for the common good has since shifted from primary local control to state and national control. The federal government and national organizations are basically focusing all their attention on grades k-12 public education. Major issues include the purpose and role of the federal government in education, funding, and the extent to which the federal government should play a role in public education. Federal funding currently averages about 10% of local school budgets. The federal government's 10-year budget outlook is bleak, and its longer-term outlook is even more dismal, driven by growth in health care costs. State and local government budgets will slowly recover from the effects of the recent recession, but will continue to have structural problems. Each of the three major revenue sources income, sales, and property taxes are candidates for reform. On the spending side, health care and education will dominate at the state and local level, while controlling entitlement spending is the main federal challenge. The defining characteristic of public budgeting is that it involves a continual struggle between the demands placed on government to respond to societal problems and the desires of citizens and the capacity of governments to finance those responses. (Public Budgeting...
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...Still Separate, Still Unequal “Still Separate, Still Unequal”, written by Jonathan Kozol, describes the reality of urban public schools and the isolation and segregation the students there face today. Jonathan Kozol illustrates the grim reality of the inequality that African American and Hispanic children face within todays public education system. In this essay, Kozol shows the reader, with alarming statistics and percentages, just how segregated Americas urban schools have become. He also brings light to the fact that suburban schools, with predominantly white students, are given far better funding and a much higher quality education, than the poverty stricken schools of the urban neighborhoods. Jonathan Kozol brings our attention to the obvious growing trend of racial segregation within America’s urban and inner city schools. He creates logical support by providing frightening statistics to his claims stemming from his research and observations of different school environments. He also provides emotional support by sharing the stories and experiences of the teachers and students, as well as maintaining strong credibility with his informative tone throughout the entire essay. Within this essay, there are many uses of rhetorical appeals including logos, pathos, and ethos. Jonathan Kozol uses reasoning, or logos, to prove that the education systems of today are still as separated and unequal for students based on the color of their skin or their race, as they were 50 years...
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