...Crime Statistic Sources The United States measures crime through two major statistical sources, the Federal Bureau of Investigations Uniform Crime Report/National Incident-Based Reporting System and the National Victimization Survey. Data from the two sources, although collected differently, show an array of crime data in the United States and is a method to monitor criminal activity. They both have positive and negative attributes that have influenced different aspects of society. It is important to remember that statistical aggregates of reporting crime, whatever the source, does not reveal the lost lives, human suffering, lessened productivity, and reduces quality of life that crime causes (Schmallager, 2011). The Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program is the crime statistics of more than 16,000 law enforcement agencies (Schmallager, 2011). Congress created this program in 1930 and designated the FBI to implement the program (Schmallager, 2011). The programs primary objective is to generate a reliable set of criminal statistics for use in law enforcement administration, operation, and management; however, its data have over the years become on of the country’s leading social indicators (national atlas, 2003). Citizens use these reports to see fluctuations in crime levels and law enforcement uses it for planning and crime prevention programs. Eight Part I offenses are included in the UCR Reports, also known as the Crime Index. The violent crimes are murder, forcible rape...
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...Sample PERS 2001 Exam Questions Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Modules 1-Introduction, 2-Overview of Legal Systems and 3-Death Penalty 1. The Uniform Crime Report “Crime Rate” allows a. police to set a value on crimes c. comparison of crime over time and in different locations b. police to report crimes d. comparison of crime between countries 2. In the United States, all states except one use a similar source for their law. Which state is different? a. Louisiana c. Alaska b. Hawaii d. California 3. The United Nations has three major components: a. General Secretary, Chief Justice and c. justification, excuse, alibi and Council procedural b. justification, excuse, alibi and d. General Assembly, Security Council, procedural and Secretariat 4. The state with the largest death row population is a. Texas c. Georgia b. Virginia d. California Modules 4- Drug Laws & Policy and 5-Marriage & Homophobia 5. In the United States, what percentage of federal prisoners are incarcerated for drug and drug related offenses? a. 5% c. 50% b. 10% d. 100% 6. One major problem of physical dependence on drugs is a. as time goes on, the user develops a c. as time goes on, the user gets bored tolerance to the drug, requiring smaller with the drug and/or less frequent dosage b. as time goes on, the user develops a d. there are no problems associated with tolerance to the drug, requiring larger physical dependence on drugs and/or...
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...Is How Crime Measured in the United States Accurate? LT B February 14, 2014 Is How Crime Measured in the United States Accurate? America's system of reporting crime has undergone a number of changes over the years since its inception in the early 1900s. Some would argue that the system data is invalid and does not accurately reflect the crimes committed, reported, or prosecuted, and neither is it indicative of the cause for criminal behavior. Nonetheless, this system is the only source available with any form of useful data relating to crime. Is there a more reliable alternative to measuring crime and collecting pertinent data? In America, law enforcement agencies use criminal statistic reports to measure crime; however, these statistics do not account for crimes that go unreported, reported crimes that did not lead to arrests, and charges reduced through plea-bargaining. When it comes to analyzing crime statistics a person must use his or her own critical thinking skills. Not all crime statistics will be accurate as it is an attempt to provide the American public with general information gathered that may not be in detail. The subject of Information is key, at the basic level a person should have knowledge in the description of the crime. There are a numerous amount of questions a person must take into consideration when it comes to reading and reviewing these reports. For example, 1.) Examine the source and whether or not it is reliable and trustworthy 2.) Acknowledge...
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...and Crime Prevention 7 SWOT Analysis 7 Future of Predictive Policing 8 REFERENCES 9 Introduction In previous and the most recent years, police officers have increased their use of new technologies to become more effective when it comes to reducing crime. The oldest technology that has been used is COMPSTAT formerly known as Computer Statistics. COMPSTAT has been around to implement strategies in law enforcement on stopping crime before it starts. COMPSTAT builds onto the UCR (Uniform Crime Report) to analyze which crime is being mostly committed, the county (or city), which age group and ethnicity is committing those crimes. COMPSTAT relies on human recognition patterns based on past crimes (Goode, 2011). In 1994, COMPSTAT was developed within the New York Police Departments. The New York Police Department used COMPSTAT to manage crime. COMPSTAT has been proven to be extremely effective within the New York Police Department. It has become a great success in controlling crimes and its disorder within the police jurisdiction. COMPSTAT is used for strategic decision-making when targeting crime in areas of the city. COMPSTAT is a database that includes daily crime counts by each precinct (Henry, ). In the beginning, police officers of the New York Police Department hand wrote crime complaint reports and the clerical personnel of the precinct typed every single data that was found. The data was viewed by the department supervisors. COMPSTAT has also been used for crime-mapping...
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...In the event of an invasion by external forces, much of the police force would come under the control of the Ministry of Defense to serve with, but not be incorporated into, the military forces. Originally modeled on the pre-World War II national police force of Japan, the TNPD was reorganized several times to meet changing public order and internal security needs. American advice, training, and equipment, which were provided from 1951 through the early 1970s, did much to introduce new law enforcement concepts and practices and to aid in the modernization of the TNPD. During this era the strength and effectiveness of the police grew steadily. All components of the police system were administered by the TNPD headquarters in Bangkok, which also provided technical support for law enforcement activities throughout the kingdom. The major operational units of the force were the Provincial Police, the Border Patrol Police (BPP), the Metropolitan Police, and smaller specialized units supervised by the Central Investigation Bureau. In mid-1987 the total strength of the TNPD, including administrative and support personnel, was estimated at roughly 110,000. Of this number, over one-half were assigned to the Provincial Police and some 40,000 to...
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...Thomas Matthews CJS/200 American policing in today’s society looks quite different from past policing; in fact, the law enforcement structure of the United States been called the most complex system in the world (Schmalleger 2011). There are three major components that exist within the legislative and judicial jurisdictions in the United States; they are federal, state, and local agencies. Each of these jurisdictions has created and designated different police agencies to enforce their laws. Although, they all work to enforce laws to keep citizens safe, the uniformity between the agencies is not so bonded. The function, authority and or even the naming of the agencies are all separately decided. In an already complicated system, it is becoming complex with the growth of private security firms; they operate on a for-profit basis and provide services that have traditionally been regarded as law enforcement activities (Schmalleger 2011). The Federal Bureau of Investigation known in short as the FBI is a federal agency and just might be the most known and recognized law enforcement agency in the world. The FBI has been around for about 100 years. It started off as the Bureau of Investigation in 1908. The FBI main objective today is as follows “The Mission of the FBI is to protect and defend the United States against terrorist and foreign intelligence threats; to uphold and enforce the criminal laws of the United States; and to provide leadership and criminal justice...
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...not been convicted of driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs, or pled guilty to a lesser charge within two years prior to the initial test date; not been convicted of, or used hard drugs within five years prior to the initial test date; not been convicted of, or used other drugs not classified as hard drugs within two years prior to the initial test date; not been convicted of, or involved in the sale, manufacturing or cultivation of illegal drugs within five years prior to the initial test date; not been convicted of a felony as an adult, may not have been convicted of a misdemeanor crime of domestic violence; not been convicted of, or involved in crimes of dishonesty within four years prior to the initial test date; not been convicted of, or involved in crimes of unlawful sexual conduct within four years prior to the initial test date; not been convicted of, or involved in crimes of physical violence within four years prior to the initial test date; not been convicted of, or involved...
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...protecting society. This paper will highlight the differences and similarities between the two roles, how the leadership differs between the two roles, and what the relationship of each role is with the criminal justice system. The paper will also draw attention to what the essential policies for each role are and identify and discuss the significance of a comprehensive security plan, and what its main components are. Differences Both private security and public security are similar in many ways, but major differences between the two entities do exist. A distortion often exists between the dissimilarities of private and public policing. The individuals who work as private security officers have a mirror image in appearance and behavior as that of public police officers (Larrabee, 2007). Some similarities between private and public officers are both entities employ members from both sexes, they both wear uniforms to signify their status within the community, and have the responsibility of serving and protecting individuals and their properties within the community. One major difference...
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...This report is based on the selected company that is Cotton On Pte Ltd and Singapore is the selected country. The purpose of this report is to conduct environmental analyze followed by the PESTEL analysis and Poster’s 5 forces on both company and country. In this report includes the strategic and recommendation. Cotton On Pte Ltd is an Australia retail chain and the largest value of fashion brand in Asia as it has started twenty years ago. Cotton on have been maintaining and improving the service and the standards of the merchandise. (Cotton On company profile, Rebecca, 6th June 2005). Cotton On Pte Ltd first retail store was opened in 1991 at Geelong and Nigel Austin, who grew up in Geelong, founded it and at the age of 18, he decided to design a denim acid jacket and sell it at Beckley Market. (Cotton On Pte Ltd, (N.D).) Cotton On have other few retail stores with other brand names such as “Typo, Cotton On Kids, Rubi”. As for this report the country that has been chosen is Singapore. Although Singapore is a small country/island, it is an economic giant. (About Singapore (N.d).) For a long time ago, Singapore are known as "Pu-luo-chung" . Afterwards, it was named “ Temasek “ when the first settlement established in the 1298 – 1299. Singapore gained its independence on 1965. Singapore is a multi racial country and it consists of different races that is Chinese, Malay and Indian. In terms of education, Asian country took the top five rankings. (Singapore tops biggest global...
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...United States Army – Recruitment, Training and Compensation The United States Army serves as the land-based branch of the U.S. military. It is the largest and oldest established branch of seven U.S. uniformed services. The Army reports to the Department of Defense and is made up of three components: the active component, the Regular Army; and two reserve components, the Army National Guard and the Army Reserve (U.S. Army, 2012). Both reserve components are made up of part-time soldiers who train once a month. Battle assemblies conduct two to three weeks of annual training each year. Regardless of component, the Army conducts both operational and institutional missions. The operational Army consists of numbered armies, corps, divisions, brigades, and battalions that conduct full spectrum operations around the world. According to the U.S. Army website, its primary mission is "to fight and win our Nation’s wars by providing prompt, sustained land dominance across the full range of military operations and conflict in support of combatant commanders” (2012). This includes preserving the peace, security and defense of the United States and its Commonwealths, possessions and occupied areas; supporting national policies; implementing national objectives; overcoming any nations carrying out aggressive acts against the United States; and accomplishing missions assigned by the President, Secretary of Defense and combatant commanders. Institutional Army organizations provide the infrastructure...
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...Crime Prevention CRJ 305 Michelle McMichael Professor Levit September 10, 2013 Crime Prevention “The ultimate goal of crime prevention is to reduce the risk of being a victim.” (SIU, par. 1) “Successful crime prevention efforts will promote a safer community by enhancing the perception of safety and the attitudes and behaviors that help people feel safe.” (SIU, par. 3) Reducing crime must be a community effort. It requires the work of not only law enforcement but also the community itself. Crime prevention programs can be instituted, but until everyone decides to work together on the effort, they can be futile. In this paper I will be discussing the jurisdiction of Oklahoma City, the portion of the criminal justice system my proposal addresses, an analysis of crime statistics in Tallahassee, Florida, San Francisco, California, and Cleveland, Ohio, and how they compare to the national average, what the SARA model and the Problem Analysis Triangle are, the crime prevention strategy I have chosen, my recommendations, and my anticipated outcomes. According to the Lectric Law Library it states that, “the Fourteenth Amendment prohibits the deprivation of liberty or property without due process of law and the Sixth Amendment, which is applicable to the states through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, guarantees a criminal defendant a fundamental right to be clearly informed of the nature and cause of the charges against him” (Lectric, n.d) par. 1)...
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...each one. Public policing and private security can be used to describe the methods that we use in the world to keep people and their goods safe. First, we will examine Private Security; in its simplest form, the term “private security” refers to the protection of people, property, and information (Encyclopedia of Crime and Punishment, 2002, pp. 1253). Society recognizes that the broader role of private security is for individuals and businesses to pay a fee to protect their persons, private property, or their interests from hazards (Encyclopedia of Crime and Punishment, 2002, pp. 1253). Private Security has developed throughout history along with Public Policing. Private Security has its roots in the middle ages under the system of Feudalism (Encyclopedia of Crime and Punishment, 2002, pp. 1253). Land barons and kings hired retainers (infantrymen) and knights (Special Forces) for personal protection. The knights and retainers would protect the peasants and land that was under the control of the king or land baron; in exchange for this protection peasants were to swear allegiance to the higher lords (Encyclopedia of Crime and Punishment, 2002, pp. 1253). Private Security stood as the primary law of the land. It was controlled by...
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...Disparity and Discrimination Kary L. Wilson CJA/344 Cultural Diversity in Criminal Justice December 5, 2011 Benjamin Harm Disparity and Discrimination This assignment will compare and contrast the terms disparity and discrimination. Sufficient background and examples of disparity and discrimination from the criminal justice system will be used to support persuasively the development of each term. First, the term disparity will be defined, developed, and supported with examples from the criminal justice system. Second, the term discrimination will be brought into focus, defined, and supported accordingly. Third, the similarities, and differences between the terms will be brought into discussion. The assignment will conclude by defining the applicability of the problem as it relates to these terms and will attempt to suggest a solution in curbing or even eliminating discrimination and disparity within the system. It is often said that the American Criminal Justice System directly discriminates against minorities based on race, gender, ethnicity, religion, and economic status. To clarify the credibility of such statement, one must be able to understand that deeply weaved within such claim stands the issue of disparity. Disparity and discrimination are two important social factors affecting the American socio-cultural aspects, especially those aspects related to the criminal justice system. Often, these similar terms are used interchangeably...
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...conduct criminal investigations for the purpose of clearing crimes by arrest and/or complaint; to prosecute lawbreakers; and to recover stolen property. Whenever members of this department conduct an investigation, which requires the interrogation of a suspect, or an interview, connected therewith, all constitutional and statutory rights guaranteed under the law shall be afforded to the individual. The Truro Police Department will ensure that there is a screening of all reported offenses to assure adequate follow-up investigation whenever appropriate. Whenever possible, the District Attorney’s Guidelines on Identification Procedures with attached forms and checklists will be used when dealing with photo line ups, arrays, show ups and taped interrogations and identifications. (Revised October 20, 2004) PROCEDURES: 1. UNIFORM PATROLMEN CONDUCT PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONS: Most preliminary investigations will be conducted by members of the patrol force since they are usually the first to arrive at the scene and can start the investigation without delay. Patrolmen should pursue the initial investigation at the scene until such time that it seems unlikely to produce additional benefits. It may frequently be possible and desirable for patrolmen to conduct limited follow-up investigations of some crimes. Many times the name of a perpetrator may be known and an interrogation, while the incident is still fresh and before evidence of a crime can be...
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...Lavida Wilson Intercultural Communications July 4, 2014 The Legalization of Marijuana in Colorado The three main topics that I plan to cover are the economic benefits, decrease in crime, and medical benefits of legalizing marijuana in Colorado. The legalization of the drug marijuana has been a very hot topic within the past decade. Marijuana was first made illegal in 1937. The United States government gave marijuana a bad name many years ago by putting it in the same category as heroin and cocaine. For many years the government has provided inaccurate information about the effects of marijuana and as a result, the drug was labeled as a schedule one drug. Over the last few decades especially in the 70’s, marijuana became more common and socially accepted by society. This past year Colorado voted on legalizing marijuana for recreational use. “Focusing on Colorado, Amendment 64 passed on November 6th, 2012 which would legalize the possession of up to an ounce of the plant. Amendment 64 was passed in Colorado with the winning vote of about 55% of the Colorado population. They chose to make marijuana legal for those 21 and over in Colorado such as alcohol is legal everywhere else.” (Ferner 2014) Of course this whole legalization in Colorado comes with a whole list of stipulations such as users can only grow up to six plants at a time and only three of them can have flowers. The most a user can have in their possession one ounce. The marijuana laws are very similar to the...
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