...------------------------------------------------- Graded Assignments Unit 1 Exercise 1: Statistics and Graphing Course Objectives and Learning Outcomes In this assignment, you will interpret and graph descriptive statistics. Assignment Requirements Work in small groups to complete Problems 1-4 given in the worksheet provided by your instructor (Problems Worksheets). This is also available at the link below. Fill out one activity sheet (found at the end of the document) for each of the 4 questions. Required Resources * Statistics and Graphing (SC2730.U1.HO1) Worksheets also available at: http://esa21.kennesaw.edu/activities/stats/stats.pdf * Problems Worksheets (SC2730.U1.HO2) also available at: http://esa21.kennesaw.edu/activities/stats/problems.pdf Submission Requirements 4 completed activity sheets (1 each for Problems 1-4) Unit 1 Problem Set 1: Scientific Method Applied Problem Sets Course Objectives and Learning Outcomes In this assignment, you will outline the steps of the scientific method. Assignment Requirements Refer to the Applied Problem Sets located on pp. 153-162 of the Wagner lab manual. Use the scientific method to complete the problem sets. Answer Questions 1-6 for Problem Set 1 and questions 1-8 for Problem Set 2. Submission Requirements Use Microsoft Word for Problem Sets 1 and 2, 12-pt Times New Roman font, double-spaced. Use Microsoft Excel for graphing and charting problems in Problem Set 2. Print and submit....
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...Introduction Scientific Management tries to increase productivity by increasing efficiency and wages of the workers. It finds out the best method for performing each job. It selects employees by using Scientific Selection Procedures. It provides Scientific Training and Development to the employees. It believes in having a close co-operation between management and employees. It uses Division of Labour. It tries to produce maximum output by fixing Performance Standards for each job and by having a Differential Piece-Rate System for payment of wages. Frederick W. Taylor was one of the most influential management theorists and is widely acclaimed as the ‘father of scientific management’. According to Northcraft and Neale (1990, p.41), “Scientific management took its name from the careful and systematic observational techniques it used to design jobs and arrange work for the rank-and-file factory worker”. Principles of Scientific Management The techniques, contributions and general principles of Scientific Management Theory are as follows:- 1. Performance Standards F.W. Taylor found out that there were no scientific performance standards. No one knew exactly how much work a worker should do in one hour or in one day. The work was fixed assuming rule of thumb or the amount of work done by an average worker. Taylor introduced Time and Motion Studies to fix performance standards. He fixed performance standards for time, cost, and quality of work, which lead to uniformity of work...
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... 1. Applied Sociology- Is a field in sociology which referred to as the practical part of sociology? It involves extensive research and application of the different sociological theories to formulate solution for the problems facing the society. 2. Functional analysis- in behavioral psychology is the application of the laws of operant conditioning to establish the relationship between stimuli and responses. 3. Class conflict- referred to as class warfare or class struggle, is the tension or antagonism which exists in society due to competing socioeconomic interests and desires between people of different classes. 4. Positivism- is a philosophy or science based on the view that information derived from logical ad mathematical treatments and report of sensory experience is the exclusive source of all authoritative knowledge and that there is valid knowledge truth only in scientific knowledge. 5. Hypothesis- is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon for a hypothesis to be a scientific hypothesis the scientific method requires that one can test it. 6. Popular culture- is often viewed as being trivial and dumbed down in order to find consensual acceptance throughout the mainstream. 7. Macro-level analysis- is a social science term that point to the location size or scale of a research target. Level of analysis is distinct from the term unit of observation in that the former refers to a more or less integrated set of relationship while...
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...theoretical framework and hypothesis development 1. ”Because literature survey is a time-consuming exercise, a good, in depth interview should suffice to develop a theoretical framework”. Discus this statement. at this juncture, its becomes easy to follow the progression of research from the first stage of managers sensing the broad problem area. to preliminary data gathering (including literature survey), to development of theoretical framework based on the literature review and guided by experience and intuition, to formulation of hypotheses for testing. 2.”Good models are complex. What’s more, a good model should include both moderating and meditating variables”. Discuss this statement. There is no relationship between the quality of a model and the complexity of a model. Recall that parsimony is one of the hallmarks of scientific research: Simplicity in explaining the phenomena or problems that occur, and in generating solutions for the problems, is always preferred to complex research frameworks that consider an unmanageable number of factors. A good theoretical framework identifies and defines the important variables in the situation that are relevant to the problem. Moderating and mediating variables may or may not be important to the problem. A good model does and mediating variables not necessarily include moderating. 3. “Academic researchers usually develop more complex and elaborate models than applied researchers.” Discuss this statement. Academic...
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...Medrano, MKC, RN Pwu Administrative Process of Nursing :UNIT 1 1. Discuss the major nursing management process. Different types of Theories and Management: * THEORIES: Following theories are basic to many nursing concepts. * General System Theory It describes how to break whole things into parts & then to learn how the parts work together in “systems”. These concepts may be applied to different kinds of systems, e.g. Molecules in chemistry, cultures in sociology, and organs in Anatomy & Health in Nursing. * Adaptation Theory It defines adaptation as the adjustment of living matter to other living things & to environmental conditions. It is a continuously occurring process that effects change & involves interaction & response. * Human adaptation occurs on three levels : 1. The internal (self) 2. The social (others) 3. the physical (biochemical reactions) * Developmental Theory It outlines the process of growth & development of humans as orderly & predictable, beginning with conception & ending with death. The progress & behaviors of an individual within each stage are unique. The growth & development of an individual are influenced by heredity, temperament, emotional, & physical environment, life experiences & health status. * MANAGEMENT: a) Classical theory (Scientific management theory) * It analyzes and synthesizes workflows with...
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...of a specified set of values. These set of values can be classified as qualitative (categorical) and quantitative (numerical) variables. * It may also refer to any observable characteristics or attributes of group of objects, individual or events. Those variables having cause – and – effect relationships are called independents / endogenous and dependent / exogenous variables. * QUALITATIVE – are non – measurable characteristics that cannot assume a numerical value but can be classified into two or more categories. Data obtained from this type of variable come from qualitative data. * DICHOTOMOUS – consists of one or two values; example of which is gender (male or female) * TRICHOTOMOUS – three values; example is in an opinion poll (for, against or undecided) * MULTINOMOUS – four and more; example of which are the responses coming from the a survey like “Smoking Habits”(always, very often, often, seldom, very seldom) * QUANTITATIVE – are those quantities that can be counted with your bare hands, can be measured with the use of some measuring devices, or can be calculated with the use of mathematical formula. Data involving quantitative variables are called quantitative data. * DISCRETE – consists of variates (actual values) usually obtained by counting. They are represented by counting numbers or whole numbers. (no. of students in a Research Class) * CONTINUOUS – are obtained by measurements, usually with units such as height...
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...UNIT-1 MANAGEMENT The word Management can be styled as- Management (i.e manage-men-tactfully ). It is an art of getting things through people. But in modern approach of management it involves all kind of activities which determine the objectives of the organization. * Management is an important element in every organization. It is the element that coordinates currents organizational activities and plans for the future. * The management adapts the organization to its environment and shapes the organization to make it more suitable to the organization. * Management is the brain of an organization because it takes decision at every movement. Definition * “ Management is the art of “knowing what you want to do” and then seeing that it is done in the best and cheapest way. ……F. W. Taylor * Management as a process “consisting of planning, organizing, actuating and controlling, performed to determine and accomplish the objective by the use of people and resources.” …… George R. Terry * Management is the art of getting things done through & with people in formally organized group ……. Koontz * Management is a multi-purpose organ that manage workers & work...
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...QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES IN MANAGERIAL DECISIONS *P.Murugesan Abstract The term ‘Quantitative techniques’ refers to the methods used to quantify the variables in any discipline. It means the application of subjects like mathematics and statistics, econometrics and operations research to understand and solve problems.. It is a study of the application of differential calculus, integral calculus and matrix algebra, measures of central tendencies, measures of averages, correlation and regression etc. It also includes the application of the techniques of management science such as Linear programming, Game theory, CPM and PERT analyses to business problems. The relevance and usefulness of Quantitative Techniques in seven functional areas of Management are discussed in this paper. Introduction: Truly, the importance of Quantitative proficiency cannot be over emphasized to Management Professionals! This body of knowledge involving quantitative approaches has been given various names likeBusiness Mathematics, Business Statistics, Operations Research, Decision Science and Management Science. All are concerned with rational approaches to decision making based on the scientific method. For example, consider the following simple mathematical problem: A) “A Mayor of a town wants to improve the bus services between 2 destinations falling within his district. The destinations are 1 hour journey apart and he wants the bus services in such a way that a traveler need not wait for more than 20 minutes...
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...ID | Batch | Md. Al-Mamun Riyadh | 61427-20-079 | 20th | Abdullah-Al-Kashem | 61427-20-006 | 20th | Submission date: 31st August, 2014 Management Science Management Science is concerned with developing and applying models and concepts that help to clarify management issues and solve managerial problems. The models used can often be represented mathematically, but sometimes computer-based, visual or verbal representations are used. The range of problems and issues to which management science has contributed insights and solutions is vast. It includes scheduling airlines, both planes and crew, deciding the appropriate place to site new facilities such as a warehouse or factory, managing the flow of water from reservoirs, identifying possible future development paths for parts of the telecommunications industry, establishing the information needs and appropriate systems to supply them within the health service, and identifying and understanding the strategies adopted by companies for their information systems. Scientific Planning Successful management relies on careful coordination, often using scientific methods in project planning. For example, critical path analysis allows us to identify which tasks in a project will take the longest or adversely affect the length of other tasks, permitting us to focus on those tasks. Computer models can also help we determine utilization and recommend more effective usage. In addition, this type analysis...
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...Definition, Characteristics and phase of Scientific Method, Types of models. General methods for solving operations research models. Allocation: Introduction to linear programming formulation, graphical solution, Simplex ethod, artificial variable technique, Duality principle. Sensitivity analysis. Transportation Problem Formulation optimal solution. Unbalanced transportation problems, Degeneracy. Assignment problem, Formulation optimal solution, Variation i.e., Non-square (m x n) matrix restrictions. Sequencing Introduction, Terminology, notations and assumptions, problems with n-jobs and two machines, optimal sequence algorithm, problems with n-jobs and three machines, problems with n-jobs and m-machines, graphic solutions. Travelling salesman problem. Replacement Introduction, Replacement of items that deteriorate with time – value of money unchanging and changing, Replacement of items that fail completely. Queuing Models M.M.1 & M.M.S. system cost considerations. Theory of games introduction, Two-person zero-sum games, The Maximum –Minimax principle, Games without saddle points – Mixed Strategies, 2 x n and m x 2 Games – Graphical solutions, Dominance property, Use of L.P. to games, Algebraic solutions to rectangular games. Inventory Introduction, inventory costs, Independent demand systems: Deterministic models – Fixed order size systems – Economic order quantity (EOQ) – Single items, back ordering, Quantity discounts (all units quantity discounts), Batch – type...
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...CHAPTER 1 1. Define research and explain the different between applied and basic research. Answer : business research as an organized,systematic,database,critical,objective,scientific inquiry or investigation into a specific problem, undertaken with the purpose of finding answers or solution to it.and the different between applied and basic research is, applied research done with the intention of applying the results of the findings to solve specivic problems currently being experience in the organizations,and basic research done chiefly to enhance the understanding of certain problems that commonly occur in organization settings,and seek methods of solving them. 2. Why is it important for managers to know about research ? Answer : the important for managers to know about research because they will become more discriminating when sifting through information in business journals,take calculate risk in the decision making, knowing full well the probabilities attached to the different possible outcomes. 3. Exlain why handling the manager – researcher relationship effectively is important . Answer : it is very important because managers should know about research for good decision making. 4. Describe a situation where it would be more beneficial to engage an external research team rather than an internal one ! Answer : if a problems is a complex one, or if there are likely to be vested interest, or if the very existence of the organization is at stake because of one or more serious...
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...Content 1. Relevance & Scope of Research in Management. 2. Steps Involved in the Research Process 3. Identification of Research Problem. 4. Defining MR problems 5. Research Design 6. Data – Collection Methodology, Primary Data – Collection Methods / Measurement Techniques – Characteristics of Measurement Techniques – Reliability, Validity etc. – Secondary Data Collection Methods – Library Research, References – Bibliography, Abstracts, etc. 7. Primary and Secondary data sources and data collection instruments including in-depth interviews, projective techniques and focus groups 8. Data management plan – Sampling & measurement 9. Data analysis – Tabulation, SPSS applications data base, testing for association 10. Analysis Techniques – Qualitative & Quantitative Analysis Techniques – Techniques of Testing Hypothesis – Chi-square, T-test, Correlation & Regression Analysis, Analysis of Variance, etc. – Making Choice of an Appropriate Analysis Technique. 11. Research Report Writing. 12. .Computer Aided Research Methodology – use of SPSS packages Reference Text 1. Business Research Methods – Cooper Schindler 2. Research Methodology Methods & Techniques – C.R.Kothari 3. D. K. Bhattacharya: Research Methodology (Excel) 4. P. C. Tripathy: A text book of Research Methodology in Social Science(Sultan Chand) 5. Saunder: Research Methods for business...
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...Scholar Commons Textbooks Collection USF Tampa Library Open Access Collections 2012 Social Science Research: Principles, Methods, and Practices Anol Bhattacherjee University of South Florida, abhatt@usf.edu Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/oa_textbooks Part of the American Studies Commons, Education Commons, Public Health Commons, and the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Bhattacherjee, Anol, "Social Science Research: Principles, Methods, and Practices" (2012). Textbooks Collection. Book 3. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/oa_textbooks/3 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the USF Tampa Library Open Access Collections at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Textbooks Collection by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact scholarcommons@usf.edu. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH: PRINCIPLES, METHODS, AND PRACTICES ANOL BHATTACHERJEE SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH: PRINCIPLES, METHODS, AND PRACTICES Anol Bhattacherjee, Ph.D. University of South Florida Tampa, Florida, USA abhatt@usf.edu Second Edition Copyright © 2012 by Anol Bhattacherjee Published under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License Social Science Research: Principles, Methods, and Practices, 2nd edition By Anol Bhattacherjee First published 2012 ISBN-13: 978-1475146127 ISBN-10: 1475146124 Creative...
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...I UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI MASTERS OF ARTS IN PROECT PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT LDP 603: RESEARCH METHODS LECTURER: PROFESSOR GAKUU GROUP 2 ASSIGNMENT PRESENTED BY: NAMES REGISTRATION NUMBER MUSYOKA BENEDETTA NTHENYA : L50/79819/2015 ANN WAMBUI GICHORA : L50/79827/2015 GITOBU MWIRIGI JAMES : L50/79831/2015 MICHENI MERIBA MWENDE : L50/79816/2015 DONALD SAMUEL OLUOCH : L50/79910/2015 NDUNGU ARTHUR GACHERU : L50/79979/2015 CYNTHIA ONYANGO : L50/79888/2015 IDRIS MOHAMUD : L50/79826/2015 NGARIRA WINNIE : L50/79926/2015 MANIU DANSON : L50/80167/2015 QUESTION: Group 2: Differentiate between the various types of research and research classifications. DUE DATE: 3 August 2015 NTRODUCTION Research is a systematic inquiry to describe, explain, predict and control the observed phenomenon. Research involves inductive and deductive methods. Inductive methods analyze the observed phenomenon and identify the general principles, structures, or processes underlying the phenomenon observed; deductive methods verify the hypothesized principles through observations. The purposes are different: one is to develop explanations, and the other is to test the validity of the explanations. (Gall, 1996) Research is the systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions (oxford dictionary) One thing that we have to pay attention to research is that the heart of the research is not on...
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