...Unit 3 Research Assignment 1 Exploring Reverse Engineering Reverse engineering can be viewed as the process of analyzing a system to: 1. Identify the system's components and their interrelationships 2. Create representations of the system in another form or a higher level of abstraction 3. Create the physical representation of that system. Reverse engineering is very common in such diverse fields as software engineering, entertainment, automotive, consumer products, microchips, chemicals, electronics, and mechanical designs. For example, when a new machine comes to market, competing manufacturers may buy one machine and disassemble it to learn how it was built and how it works. A chemical company may use reverse engineering to defeat a patent on a competitor's manufacturing process. In civil engineering, bridge and building designs are copied from past successes so there will be less chance of catastrophic failure. In software engineering, good source code is often a variation of other good source code. Reverse engineering enables the duplication of an existing part by capturing the component's physical dimensions, features, and material properties. Before attempting reverse engineering, a well-planned life-cycle analysis and cost/benefit analysis should be conducted to justify the reverse engineering projects. Reverse engineering is typically cost effective only if the items to be reverse engineered reflect a high investment or will be reproduced in large quantities...
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...PT2520 Database Concepts Unit 6 Research Assignment 1: Explore the latest ANSI and ISO Standard True/False 23-Jul-2016 Tim Church Daigre ANSI- The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) oversees the creation, promulgation and use of thousands of norms and guidelines that directly impact businesses in nearly every sector: from acoustical devices to construction equipment, from dairy and livestock production to energy distribution, and many more. ANSI is also actively engaged in accreditation - assessing the competence of organizations determining conformance to standards. To enhance both the global competitiveness of U.S. business and the U.S. quality of life by promoting and facilitating voluntary consensus standards and conformity assessment systems, and safeguarding their integrity. ISO- International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is an independent, non-governmental international organization with a membership of 163 national standards bodies. Through its members, it brings together experts to share knowledge and develop voluntary, consensus-based, market relevant International Standards that support innovation and provide solutions to global challenges. Part II- The latest SQL standard was adopted in July 2003 and is often called SQL:2003. One part of the SQL standard, Part 14, SQL/XML (ISO/IEC 9075-14) was revised in 2006 and is often referenced as "SQL/XML:2006". ANSI/ISO/IEC 9075:2003, "Database Language SQL", Parts 1 ("SQL/Framework"), 2 ("SQL/Foundation")...
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...Unit 1 Research Assignment 1: Exploring Programming Language Structured Query Language (SQL) is a specialized language for updating, deleting, and requesting information from databases. SQL is an ANSI and ISO standard, and is the de facto database query language. A variety of established database products support SQL, including products from Oracle and Microsoft SQL Server. It is widely used in both industry and academia, often for enormous, complex datbases. (Base, 2013). SQL was developed in the 1970’s by IBM to initially manipulate and retrieve data in IBM system R. The SQL language was standardized in 1986 by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI); however, later releases were released as International Organization Standardization (ISO) standards. (Inc., 2013) Although IBM authored SQL, the first SQL implementation was provided by Oracle Corporation (then called Relational Software Inc.). Early commercial implementations were concentrated on midsized UNIX-based DBMSs, such as Oracle, Ingres, and Informix. IBM followed in 1981 with SQL/DS, the forerunner to DB2, which debuted in 1983. (Unknown, 2010) ANSI published the first SQL standard (SQL-86) in 1986. An international version of the standard issued by ISO appeared in 1987. A significant update to SQL-86 was released in 1989 (SQL-89). Virtually, all relational DBMSs that you encounter today support most of the 1986 standard. (Unknown, 2010) In 1992, the standard was revised again (SQL-92), adding...
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...John Medina PT2520T Database Concepts Mr. Collier Unit 1 Research Assignment 1: Exploring Programming Languages History of the SQL – SQL was initially developed at IBM by Donald D. Chamberlain, Donald C. Messerly, and Raymond F. Boyce in the early 1970s. This version, initially called SEQUEL (Structured English Query Language) was designed to manipulate and retrieve data stored in IBM’s original quasi-relational database management system, System R, which a group at IBM San Jose Research Laboratory had developed during the 1970s. The acronym SEQUEL was later changed to SQL because “SEQUEL” was a trademark of the UK-based Hawker Siddely aircraft company. In the late 1970s, Relational Software Inc. (now Oracle Corporation) saw the potential of the concepts described by Codd, Chamberlain, and Boyce and developed their own SQL-based RDBMS with aspirations of selling it to the U.S. Navy, Central Intelligence Agency, and other U.S. government agencies. In June 1979, Relational Software Inc. introduced the first commercially available implementation of SQL, Oracle V2(Version 2) for VAX computers. After testing SQL at customer test sites to determine the usefulness and practicality of the system. IBM began developing commercial products based on their System R prototype including System/38, SQL/DS, and DB2, which were commercially available in 1979, 1981, and 1983 respectively. According to the paragraph above, there had to have been 4 revisions to the SQL. The most recent version...
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...Unit 1 Research Assignment 1: Exploring Programming Languages NT1420 In the late 1960’s Simula was invented by Nygaard and Dahl as a superset of Algol 60, this was the first language designed to support object-oriented programming. Then between 1969 and 1973 C was developed by Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson at Bell Labs. Smalltalk was created in the mid 1970’s that provided a complete ground-up design of an object-oriented language, and about the same time Prolog was designed in 1972 by Colmerauer, Roussel, and Kowalski, this was the first logic programming language. In 1973 Robin Milner built two polymorphic type systems (ML and Lisp) which were used in pioneering statically typed functional programming languages. Now going to the 80’s, Ada was created in 1983 by a team ran by Jean Ichbiah which was designed for built-in language support for explicit concurrency, offering tasks, synchronous message passing, protected objects, and non-determinism. Erlang was developed by Joe Armstrong in 1986 that supports hot swapping, so that code can be changed without stopping a system. In 1985 Eiffel was created as an ISO-standardized, object-oriented programming language designed by Bertrand Meyer. The program emphasizes declarative statements over procedural code and attempts to eliminate the need for bookkeeping instructions. TCL is a scripting language created by John Ousterhout in 1988 which is used for rapid prototyping, scripted applications, GUIs and testing. Perl was developed...
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...Unit 1 research assignment 1 1970’s 1) Pascal, Creator, Niklaus Wirth. The specific motivation behind this language was to encourage good programming practice using structured programming and data structuring. 2) SQL (Structured Query Language) designed by, Donald D. Chamberlin, and Raymond F. Boyce. The motivation behind this language was designed for managing data held in a relational database management system. ( RDBMS) 3) C, Designed by Dennis Ritchie. the motivation behind this language is structured programming and allows lexical variable scope and recursion. 4) Applesoft BASIC, developed by Marc McDonald, and Ric Weiland. The motivation with this language was it was designed to be backwards-compatible with integer BASIC and used the core of Microsoft’s 6502 BASIC implementation. 5) GRASS, Developed by Thomas A. DeFanti. GRASS is similar to BASIC in sytax, but added numerous instructions for specifying 2D object animation, including scaling, translation, rotation and color changes over time. 1980’s 1) BASICA, Designed by Thomas E. Kurtz. Designed to offer support for the graphics and sound hardware of the IBM PC line. 2) Turbo Pascal, developed by Borland, under Philippe Kahn’s leadership. This is a software development system that includes a compiler and an integrated development environment for the Pascal programming language. 3) C++, designed by Bjarne Stroustrup. This is a general purpose programming language that is free-form...
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...Structured Query Language (SQL) is a specialized language for updating, deleting, and requesting information from databases. SQL is an American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and International Standards Institute (ISO) standard. A variety of established database products support SQL, including products from Oracle and Microsoft SQL Server. It is widely used in both industry and academia, often for enormous, complex databases. (Base, 2013). SQL was developed in the 1970’s by IBM to initially manipulate and retrieve data in IBM system R. The SQL language was standardized in 1986 by the ANSI; it later had releases that were released as ISO standards. IBM authored SQL and the first SQL implementation was provided by Oracle Corporation. Early commercial implementations were concentrated on midsized UNIX-based DBMSs, such as Oracle, Ingres, and Informix. IBM followed in 1981 with SQL/DS, the forerunner to DB2, which debuted in 1983. ANSI published the first SQL standard (SQL-86) in 1986. An international version of the standard issued by ISO appeared in 1987. A significant update to SQL-86 was released in 1989 (SQL-89). Virtually, all relational DBMSs that you encounter today support most of the 1986 standard. In 1992, the standard was revised again (SQL-92), adding more capabilities to the language. Because SQL-92 was s superset of SQL-89, older database application programs ran under the new standard with minimal modifications. Until October 1996, DBMS vendors could submit...
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...1970’s CLU is a programming language created at MIT by Barbara Liskov and her students between 1974 and 1975. It was notable for its use of constructors for abstract data types that included the code that operated on them, a key step in the direction of object-oriented programming (OOP). Euclid is an imperative programming language for writing verifiable programs. It was designed by Butler Lampson and associates at the Xerox PARC lab in the mid-1970s. The implementation was led by Ric Holt at the University of Toronto and James Cordy was the principal programmer for the first implementation of the compiler. It was originally designed for the Motorola 6809 microprocessor. Forth is an imperative stack-based computer programming language and programming environment. Language features include structured programming, reflection (the ability to modify the program structure during program execution), concatenative programming (functions are composed with juxtaposition) and extensibility (the programmer can create new commands). Although not an acronym, the language's name is sometimes spelled with all capital letters as FORTH, following the customary usage during its earlier years. Forth was designed by Charles H. Moore and appeared in the 1970’s. GRASS is the original version of GRASS was developed by Tom DeFanti for his 1974 Ohio State University Ph.D. thesis. It was developed on a PDP-11/45 driving a Vector General 3DR display, and as the name implies, this was a purely vector...
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...Assignment Title Unit 2. Assignment 1. Disk Redundancy Research Assignment Overview: Using the Internet and the ITT Tech Virtual Library, research the following questions, and provide your thoughts on each one. Submit your answers in a Word Document and ensure that you cite any resources you utilized with the proper APA format. 1. What does RAID stand for? RAID stands for Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks 2. When would we use RAID? 3. Define the following types of RAID: a.RAID 0: Striped Set -- A RAID 0 setup splits data evenly across two or more disks. It is important to note that RAID 0 was not one of the original RAID levels, and is not redundant. If one drive goes down your server will need to be restored from backup b. RAID 1 Mirrored Set -- A Raid 1 setup creates an exact copy (or mirror) of data on two or more disks. A typical setup just has two drives that are setup to mirror data. If one drive goes down your server will still be functional until a scheduled drive replacement can be installed. c. RAID 5 Striped Set with Parity -- A RAID 5 setup uses block-level striping with parity data distributed across all disks in the RAID Array. This means you can have one drive fail and your server will remain functional until a scheduled drive replacement can be installed. RAID 5 also increases read/write speeds while using the available disk space efficiently. d. RAID 6 Similar to RAID 5 but not as widely used, RAID 6 performs either two parity computations...
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...Unit 2 Assignment 1: Disk Redundancy Research December 14, 2013 1) What does RAID stand for? RAID stands for? RAID stands for Redundant Array of Independent Disks. 2) When would we use RAID? RAID can be used by either individual users or large network users to store data across multiple locations to increase fault tolerance. 3) Define the following types of RAID: a) RAID 0 b) RAID 1 c) RAID 5 d) RAID 6 RAID 0 | Strips data without redundancy. Provides faster performance, but it lacks fault tolerance. | RAID 1 | Known as disk mirroring. This method doesn’t strip data, it saves all data intact across at least two disks to provide fault tolerance. | RAID 5 | Uses rotating parity to store data. There is do data duplication, but the parity data can be used to reconstruct data. Mostly used by large organizations for data that is not performance sensitive. | RAID 6 | Same as RAID 5, but adds another parity scheme to increase fault tolerance. | 4) Why is RAID 0 of any use if it offers no redundancy? RAID 0 allows data to be broken up in order to allow faster access to data. 5) Why do you think that RAID 1 can be the most expensive? Why would people utilize it if it’s so costly? RAID 1 can be the most expensive because it requires an entire drive to make a duplicate of any data and the more copies you want, the more drives you need. People still use is because it makes complete copies of data, not partial ones. The complete copies allow users...
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...Unit 1 Research Assignment The History Of SQL SQL was created in 1970 by Dr. E. F. Codd. There have been three revisions of the standard and they are SQL99, SQL2003 and SQL2008. The Query was the most recent edition of SQL. Microsoft SQL 2010 Express Features 1. Simplify Development Efforts Leverage Existing Skills Get started today developing on SQL Server with SQL Server Data Tools. Take advantage of existing Transact-SQL skills, and incorporate technologies, including the Microsoft ADO.NET Entity Framework and LINQ. Develop applications faster through deep integration with Visual Studio, Visual Web Developer, and SQL Server Management Studio. Improve Developer Productivity Increase developer productivity and simplify deployment through integration with Visual Studio and Visual Web Developer. Take advantage of advanced capabilities, including rich table and query designers, full integration with Server Explorer, and drag-and-drop IDE support for rapidly building data-bound applications. Tune the Design Process Manage SQL Server 2012 Express databases with SQL Server Management Studio Express. Connect to local SQL Server 2012 Express databases and manage objects with full Object Explorer integration. Write, execute, and test queries by using visual query plans that provide hints to tune queries and access management and maintenance options. 2. Develop Sophisticated Applications Rapid data exploration & visualization Discover...
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...Save Incase you are unable to find the router IP address, it can be found using command prompt. For the same, follow below steps 1. Click Windows + X 2. Power User Menu opens up. 3. Then Click Command Prompt. 4. Type- “ipconfig”. This will display all the connections established on your computer 5. Look out for “ Default Gateway” 6. This gateway is under LAN tab 7. The default gateway is basically the IP address of your route Why is critical to change username and password of your router? The routers shipped from manufacturers come with default password and username. The Manufacturers use a standard combination of username and password. Easy way of identification is seeing the sticker on the router hardware device. Example- Motorola uses Username as admin and password as admin or password. Similarly other players have basic passwords which mandatorily should be changed as soon as purchase is done to avoid any hacks/leaks from your system Incase your IP 192.168.1.254 is not working, then what to do? Try following below options before contacting the service centre of the manufacturer 1. Ensure you have entered the correct address using HTTP:// 2. Some people mistake // with \\, so ensure correct...
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...ASSIGNMENT 3 1. Using only the following protocols (ARP, DNS, HTTP, ICMP, IP, NTP, RTP, UDP, TCP), describe the steps involved when the Internet host red.color.net pings another host green.paint.net. Describe this step by step, in detail- what happens in each host. Assume all caches are empty (i.e. No name or address resolution has been done, yet) You have to think through the whole chain of how address discovery works and what protocols are used at every step. Let red.color.net be Host A with IP Address 192.168.1.100 and green.paint.net be Host B with IP Address 192.168.1.200. Let’s assume that Host B have a web server running on it, and its port 80 is ready to accept http connections. Now, we open a web browser in Host A and type the URL...
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... Locate the USB ports on the Surface Dock and connect your computer peripherals. 4. Locate a Mini Display Port on the Surface Dock and connect a cable from the monitor to it. You may need to purchase another cable or an adapter if you discover that the monitor cable does not have a Mini DisplayPort connector 5. Connect any accessories for audio purposes, such as speakers or headphones. Without outer speakers, it may be impossible to hear audio when you are using your Surface Pro 4. If this so, go to Troubleshoot Surface Dock on Surface.com to find out how to switch to the built-in speakers on your Surface. With this done you can now connect to your monitors and peripherals with a sole connection to the power port on your Surface Pro: 1. Plug out the Surface power supply and remove any accessories that are attached to the device. A microSD card can be left in themicroSD card slot. 2. Using the cable provided, connect Surface Dock to the charging port of your Surface. Connect or project to a monitor, screen, or other...
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...Name: MUTAIB HAIL ALSAHLI ID: 120004631 Answer, Question number 1, Before we talk about the differences there are Some people who may easily forget the fact that the USB Type-C and USB 3.1 are different from each other, considering the fact that both cross platforms were developed by the USB Forum (USB-IF) simultaneously, USB Type-C is a physical connector and USB 3.1 is a technology standard. Compatible devices can transfer data at a very high speed of up to 10GB per second.USB 3.1 standard allows for high-speed data transfer, but other devices such as tablets and smartphones might not transfer data that fast's Type-C and USB 3.1 are often confused with each other. The main difference between the two is that USB Type-C is developed to support USB 3.1 signals. Some devices might have Type-C connectors which only support the older USB standards such as USB 2.0 and USB 3.0. With more and more devices such as the new Lumia, Nexus are getting equipped with USB Type-C connectors combined with USB...
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