...REVIEW QUESTIONS CHAP 1. 2. What is the most important difference between a computer and a calculator? Calculators can perform operations one at a time, while computers can process a sequence of operations using provided instructions. 3. How are computers today similar to the first computers? How are they different? They can both takes large amounts of data and simplify it so someone can understand. The first computers were bulky, slow, and expensive due to the parts that were available at the time, today they are more compact, faster, and cheaper with the discovery of items like the circuit card and silicon chips. 4. The way people use the internet has changed since the early days. How? As late as the 1980’s, the internet was still the domain of researchers, academics, and government officials, who used it to transfer files and exchange electronic mail (email) messages, In the 1990’s millions of people now connected to the internet each day through browsers. The internet’s transformation from a text-only environment into a multimedia landscape incorporating pictures, animation, sounds and video. 7. Is a smartphone a computer? Explain your answer. A smartphone is a computer. A smartphone typically combines the function of a phone, camera, P.D.A, a game machine, video/music player with internet connectivity and the ability to run apps. The iPhone and other smartphones are powerful, pocket-sized computers that use Apps to perform all kinds of functions that...
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...Eleonor Lopez Cos 101 Prof. K. Lee Assignment #1 Chapter 1 What is the most important difference between a computer and a calculator? [RQ, no. 2] The most important difference between a computer and a calculator is that in the computer you can write, navigate in the web, investigate about anything, play games, and other things meanwhile in the calculator you only can do math work. How are computers today similar to those from World War II? How are they different? [RQ, no. 3] The similarities between today’s computer and World War II are that they have the same technology and they use the same chips. There was only one electronic computer in World War Two, which was called ENIAC, and was a building full of vacuum tubes. It was built to calculate artillery projectile paths, and had to have the program wired in. It had no memory, and displayed the output with glowing lights. World War 2 computers were huge that have to take of a whole room, lag a lot, and much more complicated to use. Today’s computers are a lot faster, smarter, better technologies and more compact, and easy to use. The way people use the Internet has changed since the early days. How? [RQ, no. 4] Yes, because we use internet to find information, to communicate with others around the world and it’s a lot faster to obtain information then reading a book. Is a smart phone a computer? Explain your answer. [RQ, no. 7] Yes, because you have the ability to do everything such...
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...Term Paper: History of Intel and its microprocessors The microprocessor is a chip made of silicon that holds a central processing unit. Both the term’s central processing unit or CPU and microprocessor can be used and mean the same thing. The human brain has been compared to a microprocessor. Microprocessors are ultra fast calculators and what makes a microprocessor appear intelligent is the speed at which it can process data. The electronics industry names, microprocessors first by makers name and then model family name or number. A recent example, are the Intel Core i7 and AMD FX 8 Core Black Edition. Microprocessors provides scientist, engineers, architects, graphic designers, researchers, and other professionals with the processing power users to perform all the many functions needed to do their jobs and make new discoveries and explore what before could not have been even imagined. The history of microprocessors will be covered; this includes the history of Intel Corporation, important highlights in the development of the microprocessor. All digital computers use electronic switches. These switches represent binary digits or bits. The first computers used vacuum tubes as switches to represent on-or-off binary data, but vacuum tubes had many problems. Without the invention of the transistor, microprocessors and the modern computer would not be possible. Bell Laboratory engineers John Bardeen and Walter Brattain invented the transistor in 1947 (transistor). Transistors...
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...|1 |MC9231 |Computer Networks |3 |0 |0 |3 | |2 |MC9232 |Microprocessors and its |3 |0 |0 |3 | | | |Applications | | | | | |3 |MC9233 |Software Engineering |3 |0 |0 |3 | |4 |MC9234 |Computer Graphics |3 |0 |0 |3 | |5 |MC9235 |Web Programming |3 |0 |0 |3 | |PRACTICAL | |6 |MC9237 |Graphics Lab |0 |0 |3 |2 | |7 |MC9238 |Microprocessor Lab |0 |0 |3 |2 | |8 |MC9239 |Web Programming Lab |0 |0 |3 |2 | | TOTAL |15 |0 |9 |21 | MC9231 COMPUTER NETWORKS L T P C 3 0 0 3 UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9 Communication model – Data communications...
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...February 1955, in San Francisco, California, was an American entrepreneur, marketer. Stephen Wozniak was born on 11 August 1950, was an American electrical engineer (wikipedia). Bill Fernandez who was a common friend of these two partners introduced the both at Homestead High School in 1971 (Biography). Jobs dropped out from Reed College after only one semester in 1972. Then he joined the creative classes at the school and spent 18 months. In 1974, Jobs worked for Atari as a video game designer (Biography). Apple Inc. was founded on April 1, 1976, in Job’s Garage by two extremely innovative and intelligent minds Steve Jobs and Stephen Wozniak. Their entrepreneurial venture was funded by selling Volkswagen Bus belongs to Jobs and a scientific calculator belongs to Wozniak (Biography). For spiritual enlightenment, Jobs visited India and then came back to California in the fall. A job was interested in starting his new venture and he convinced Wozniak to become his partner by seeing the hobby as well as innovativeness of Wozniak of manufacturing microcomputers that were cheaper. Apple I was the first computer manufactured in Jobs’ Garage in May 1976. They used the competition pricing strategy of that product having additional features as compared to other computers of that time. Their first sales revenue came from dealing with a local dealer who ordered 25...
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...· What is the most important difference between a computer and a calculator? [RQ, no. 2] · How are computers today similar to those from World War II? How are they different? [RQ, no. 3] · The way people use the Internet has changed since the early days. How? [RQ, no. 4] · Is a smart phone a computer? Explain your answer. [RQ, no. 7] · What types of applications are particularly well suited for handheld devices? What common applications are particularly well suited for PCs? [RQ, no. 8] · Describe some benefits and drawbacks of the information age? [RQ, no. 10] · Draw a block diagram showing the major components of a computer and their relationships. Briefly describe the function of each component. · Why is the international computer industry shifting from ASCII to Unicode for representing text? [RQ, no. 4] · Why do many PC manufacturers include graphics-processing units (GPUs) in their machines? [RQ, no. 5] · Describe several ways you can minimize your negative impact on the environment when you purchase and use a computer. [RQ, · List five input devices and three output devices that might be attached to a PC. Describe a typical use for each. [RQ, no. 2] · Name and describe three special-purpose input devices people commonly use in public places, such as stores, banks, and libraries. [R · What are the advantages and disadvantages of flash memory devices over hard disks as storage media? [RQ, no. 6] · Describe how multi-touch technology can make common input...
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...Chapter 1 1. What is the most important difference between a computer and a calculator? [RQ, no. 2] 2. How are computers today similar to those from World War II? How are they different? [RQ, no. 3] 3. The way people use the Internet has changed since the early days. How? [RQ, no. 4] 4. Is a smart phone a computer? Explain your answer. [RQ, no. 7] Chapter 2 5. Draw a block diagram showing the major components of a computer and their relationships. Briefly describe the function of each component. [RQ, no. 3] 6. Why is the international computer industry shifting from ASCII to Unicode for representing text? [RQ, no. 4] 7. Why do many PC manufacturers include graphics-processing units (GPUs) in their machines? [RQ, no. 5] Chapter 3 8. List five input devices and three output devices that might be attached to a PC. Describe a typical use for each. [RQ, no. 2] 9. Name and describe three special-purpose input devices people commonly use in public places, such as stores, banks, and libraries. [RQ, no. 4] 10. What are the advantages and disadvantages of flash memory devices over hard disks as storage media? [RQ, no. 6] Chapter 4 11. What is the relationship between higher level languages and machine language? [RQ, no. 1] 12. Most computer software falls into one of three categories: compilers and other translator programs, software applications, and system software. Describe and give examples of each. [RQ, no. 2] 13. ...
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...Computers What are the advantages of using computers? * Speed * Reliability * Consistency * Storage * Communications What are the disadvantages of using computers? * Violation of Privacy * Impact on Labor Force * Health Risks * Impact on Environment What Is a Computer? What is the information processing cycle? * Input * Process * Output * Storage * Communication The Components of a Computer What is an input device? * Hardware used to enter data and instructions What is an output device? * Hardware that conveys information to one or more people What is the system unit? * Box-like case containing electronic components used to process data What are two main components on the motherboard? * Central Processing Unit (CPU) Also called a processor The electronic component that interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer * Memory Consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by those instructions What is storage? * Holds data, instructions, and information for future use * Storage media Physical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored * Hard Disks, Floppy Disks, Memory Cards, CDs, DVDs, USB Flash...
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...technology" redirects here. For the company, see Computer Technology Limited. A computer is a programmable machine designed to sequentially and automatically carry out a sequence of arithmetic or logical operations. The particular sequence of operations can be changed readily, allowing the computer to solve more than one kind of problem. Conventionally a computer consists of some form of memory for data storage, at least one element that carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control element that can change the order of operations based on the information that is stored. Peripheral devices allow information to be entered from external source, and allow the results of operations to be sent out. A computer's processing unit executes series of instructions that make it read, manipulate and then store data. Conditional instructions change the sequence of instructions as a function of the current state of the machine or its environment. The first electronic computers were developed in the mid-20th century (1940–1945). Originally, they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs).[1] Modern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space.[2] Simple computers are small enough to fit into mobile devices, and can be powered by a small battery. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the Information...
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...Is a Computer? What is computer literacy? How is a computer defined? Electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory Knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses The computer Computers are everywhere first, Accepts data such as raw facts, figures, and symbol then, Processes data into information (Data that is organized, meaningful, and useful ) finally, Produces and stores results 3 4 The Components of a Computer What is the information processing cycle? What is an _____ device? input Hardware used to enter data and instructions Input Process Output Storage Communication 5 6 1 The Components of a Computer The Components of a Computer What is an ______ device? output What is the system unit? Hardware that conveys information to a user Box-like case containing electronic components used to process data 7 The Components of a Computer What is the magical inside the black box? Memory card 8 What are two main components on the motherboard? Video Card Central Processing Unit (CPU) Power Also called a processor Carries out instructions that tell computer what to do Supply Memory Temporary holding place for data and instructions Sound Card 9 10 The Components of a Computer Storage device What is storage?...
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...Organization 1. Introduction STUDY MATERIALS ON COMPUTER ORGANIZATION (As per the curriculum of Third semester B.Sc. Electronics of Mahatma Gandh Uniiversity) Compiled by Sam Kollannore U.. Lecturer in Electronics M.E.S. College, Marampally 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 GENERATION OF COMPUTERS The first electronic computer was designed and built at the University of Pennsylvania based on vacuum tube technology. Vacuum tubes were used to perform logic operations and to store data. Generations of computers has been divided into five according to the development of technologies used to fabricate the processors, memories and I/O units. I Generation II Generation III Generation IV Generation V Generation : 1945 – 55 : 1955 – 65 : 1965 – 75 : 1975 – 89 : 1989 to present First Generation (ENIAC - Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator EDSAC – Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator EDVAC – Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer UNIVAC – Universal Automatic Computer IBM 701) Vacuum tubes were used – basic arithmetic operations took few milliseconds Bulky Consume more power with limited performance High cost Uses assembly language – to prepare programs. These were translated into machine level language for execution. Mercury delay line memories and Electrostatic memories were used Fixed point arithmetic was used 100 to 1000 fold increase in speed relative to the earlier mechanical and relay based electromechanical technology Punched cards and paper tape were invented to feed programs...
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...takes input (data) through input devices process it into CPU, stores it and also displays the result through output devices. A computer is a programmable machine. The two principal characteristics of a computer are; it responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner and it can execute a prerecorded list of instructions (a program). Modern computers are electronic and digital. CPU The actual machinery; wires, transistors, and circuits are called hardware while the instructions and Data are called software. All the general-purpose computers require the following hardware components: Central processing unit (CPU) The “heart” or “Brain” of the computer, the component that actually executes instructions is known as CPU or Central Processing Unit. Memory It is also known as main memory, primary memory or simply RAM (random access memory). It is volatile type of memory. It enables a computer to store data and programs temporarily. Input devices Devices used to input the data and instructions into the computer system. Usually a keyboard and mouse are used as input devices. Output devices Devices used to display the are known as output devices. A display screen, printer, or speakers and other such type of devices that lets you see what the computer has accomplished. Mass storage devices Such types of devices allow a computer to permanently retain large amounts of data...
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...ICS FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE I. Week 8 (Video Games) a. Genres of Games i. Action ii. Adventure iii. Role Playing (RPG) iv. Simulation v. Strategy vi. Serious b. Elements of a Game i. Rendering engine (graphics) ii. Physics engine (collision detection) iii. Sound iv. Artificial Intelligence v. Animation vi. Scripting vii. Networking c. Game Development i. Studio teams of 20 to >100 ii. Designers iii. Artists iv. Programmers v. Level designers vi. Sound engineers vii. Testers d. Early Games i. 1951: Nimrod ii. 1958: Tennis for Two 1. Like Pong, but with real physics simulation iii. 1975: Adventure, Colossal Cave 1. First modern adventure game iv. 1980: Rogue 1. ASCII terminal e. What makes a game fun? i. Hard Fun 1. Meaningful challenges, strategies, puzzles ii. Easy Fun 1. Exploring new worlds. 2. Focus on player attention (immersion) 3. Ambiguity, incompleteness and detail iii. Serious Fun 1. Self-Improvement 2. Relaxation and excitement 3. Creating 4. Becoming better iv. People Fun 1. Just to spend time with friends 2. Build teamwork and comraderie 3. Enjoy rivalries f. WTF [for Games]: “Where‘s the Fun.” II. Week 9 (Data Visualization) a. Data Science i. The science and technology of turning data into wisdom b. Wisdom, Knowledge, Information Relationship i. Information is Data that has been processed with context to give it meaning. ii. Knowledge is information you...
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...They are provided with the computer. · They're very simple to operate. · They help blind people who would otherwise have difficulty using a computer. · They can be useful for alerting computer users, even when they're busy, such as in pop-ups. Disadvantages · They can take up a fair amount of desk-space, compared to headphones. · They can distract people around you therefore disrupting a communal work area. ------------------------------------------------- History of Sony company From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other uses, see Sony (disambiguation). Sony Corporation (ソニー株式会社 Sonī Kabushiki Gaisha?), commonly referred to as Sony, is a Japanesemultinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Kōnan Minato, Tokyo, Japan.[3] Its diversified business is...
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...totally five computer generations known till date. Each generation has been discussed in detail along with their time period, characteristics. We've used approximate dates against each generations which are normally accepted. Following are the main five generations of computers: S.N. | Generation & Description | 1 | First Generation The period of first generation: 1946-1959. Vacuum tube based. | 2 | Second Generation The period of second generation: 1959-1965. Transistor based. | 3 | Third Generation The period of third generation: 1965-1971. Integrated Circuit based. | 4 | Fourth Generation The period of fourth generation: 1971-1980. VLSI microprocessor based. | 5 | Fifth Generation The period of fifth generation: 1980-onwards. ULSI microprocessor based | First Generation The period of first generation was 1946-1959. First generation of computers started with using vacuum tubes as the basic components for memory and circuitry for CPU (Central Processing Unit). These tubes like electric bulbs produced a lot of heat and were prone to frequent fusing of the installations, therefore, were very expensive and could be afforded only by very large organisations. In this generation, mainly batch processing operating systems were used. In this generation, Punched cards, Paper tape, Magnetic tape Input & Output device were used. There were machine codes and electric wired board languages used. The main features of First Generation are: * Vacuum tube...
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