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Unit 40: Tour Operations Management

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UNIT 40: TOUR OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT
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LO1 Understand the tour operators industry within the travel and tourism sector
Tour operators: as defined by EU Package Travel Directive; different types of tour operators including outbound operators, domestic operators, incoming operators, specialist operators, direct sell operators Industry: identification of major tour operators including their origins, ownership, market segments, competition, identification of specific operators within each category; scale eg number of passengers carried, market share, turnover; products and services to meet different markets; vertical and horizontal integration in leading operators; impact of integration; European and global links; trends to include changing trends in holidays (eg mass market tourism to customisation, product range, all-inclusive holidays), expansion of the cruise market; environmental awareness of tour operators, responsible tourism; effect of economy and other external factors eg discounting, emergence of e-commerce, budget airlines; role of trade bodies including The Travel Association (ABTA), Association of Independent Tour Operators (AITO), Federation of Tour Operators (FTO), UKinbound, the UK Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5649485182751853952#editor/target=post;postID=7439706631930474064 LO2 Understand stages involved in creating holidays Stages: steps eg market research; planning and scheduling; forecasting; contracting eg allocation, commitment, ad hoc, time series charters, split charters, ad hoc chartering, scheduled services, using air brokers; costing the holiday (fixed and variable costs, direct and indirect costs, load factors, mark-up, profit margins, seasonal flexing, competitive pricing, skimming, special offers, discounting strategies, currency

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