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Unit 7 Assignment 1

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Refraction, Reflection and Optics
ITT Technical Institute
Physical Networking – NT1310
11/10/2014

Refraction, Reflection and Optics
Refraction
The most common real life example used when discussing refraction is a straw in water. When a straw is placed in a glass of water and viewed from the side, it appears to be broken or bent. This is due to the difference in the refractive indices of air and water. Since water is denser than air, the straw appears to bend as the light it reflects is slowed by the density of the water. This phenomenon also makes submerged objects, such as fish look closer to the surface than they actually are. Another common example is a rainbow, where sunlight is refracted by raindrops. Sunlight consists of a mixture of different wavelengths, or colors, of light, with blue, for example, having a shorter wavelength than red. When this light passes through raindrops, the shorter wavelengths are bent more than the longer ones, splitting the light into its different colors.
Reflection
Pretty much everything you see could be considered reflection. The fact we can see is due to light reflecting off of objects and into our eyes. A good example, I guess, is the moon. When it glows at night that is just light from the sun reflecting onto the Moon's surface, and bouncing back, giving it that glow.
Degradation of signal strength in fiber-optic transmission
Some of the main factors that cause degradation are electromagnetic fields, heat, quality of fiber / connectors, corrosion and gap loss. Gap loss is a type of signal strength loss that occurs in fiber optic transmission when the signal is transferred from one section of fiber or cable to another. The three basic types of gap loss are angular misalignment loss, lateral offset loss, and longitudinal displacement loss. The losses tend to be proportional to the ratio of the core radius to the

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