...A critique of “Into the unknown” published by the economist (November 13, 2004.) Fear of losing jobs to offshoring (rise in unemployment), but computers and technology may take these jobs anyway. “Has the machines in its last furious manifestation begun to eliminate workers faster than new task can be found for them?” Article says not to worry. The United States has experienced an increase in the offshore outsourcing (offshoring) of jobs in the service industry. Although offshoring is common in the manufacturing industry, it only recently began in the service industry. The recent increase in the service industry has occurred because of new technology and the ability to access information from anywhere. Those who oppose offshoring believe it takes away American jobs, lower wages, and causes declines in America’s standard of living and any benefits from offshoring are unevenly distributed. Offshoring in the industry has not negatively affected the United States. Currently, offshore outsourcing in the service industry has a net benefit to society and there is no reason for concern. Critics charge that the information revolution (especially the Internet) has accelerated the decimation of U.S. manufacturing and facilitated the outsourcing of service sector jobs once considered safe, from backroom call centers to high level software programming. (This concern feeds into the suspicion that U.S. corporations are exploiting globalization to fatten profits at the expense of workers.)...
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...Process and Techniques of Finding Unknown J Abstract: As part of a focal study within Microbiology, many scientists have endeavored to identify the many species and types of microbes found in different environments. In an effort to categorize, understand and distinguish one microbe from another, scientists developed tests to show unique characteristics of microbes. This experiment enlists these tests, such as PCR, Simple and Gram staining, anaerobic growth tests, IMViC, Catalase, Oxidase, selective and differential media to identify an unknown microorganism. The Unknown organism studied was labeled “J” and found to be a gram negative, rod shaped bacteria that does not produce endospores. The selective and differential agars produced no growth on the MSA agar plate showing that the bacteria did not favor a salty environment of the Mannitol salts and showed an acidic by product in the selective and differential media of MacConkey’s Agar. The bacteria showed to metabolize sugars but did not produce any gaseous byproducts. After 16s rRNA was processed and run through a PCR, electricphoresis was used to run the RNA out on a gel in order to sequence the RNA which was then compared in a database. Furthermore, the Unknown J did not produce or metabolize starch. The bacteria did not react with the Citrate, KEY oxidase. When compared to other known bacteria tested, unknown J proved to be Escherichia coli. Introduction: Identifying bacterial causes for certain diseases that have...
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...Essay: Diagnosis of an Infected Patient In this essay, you are asked to demonstrate your understanding of the different types of culturing and staining procedures discussed in Chapters 3 and 7. You will have TWO WEEKS to research and compose your essay. Consider the following scenario: You are given a sputum sample from a patient that may be infected with bacteria from one of the following genera: 1. Bacillus 2. Escherichia 3. Mycobacteria For this essay, 1. Describe the handing of the specimen and how the infectious agent, in this case a bacterial pathogen, is isolated from the sputum sample. 2. Explain techniques used to isolate bacteria from a clinical specimen using the LearnSmart laboratory exercise, “Isolation Methods” as well as Chapter 7 to support your account. 3. Discuss how staining techniques may be applied in the identification of an unknown sample. 4. Discuss each staining protocol. Mention the steps involved and how each step and each protocol would identify or eliminate each of these genera as a suspect. You may refer to other scientific resources, but they should be in addition to and not in place of the module resources. 5. Describe the important anatomical differences among these three genera and the staining protocols you would use to identify which genus is causing the patient’s infection. Your essay should be approximately 2 pages in length, double-spaced in 10-12 point font. Please be sure to cite all sources of information...
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...In this essay, you are asked to demonstrate your understanding of the different types of culturing and staining procedures discussed in Chapters 3 and 7. You will have TWO WEEKS to research and compose your essay. Consider the following scenario: You are given a sputum sample from a patient that may be infected with bacteria from one of the following genera: 1 Bacillus 2 Escherichia 3 Mycobacteria For this essay, • Describe the handing of the specimen and how the infectious agent, in this case a bacterial pathogen, is isolated from the sputum sample. • Explain techniques used to isolate bacteria from a clinical specimen using the LearnSmart laboratory exercise, “Isolation Methods” as well as Chapter 7 to support your account. • Discuss how staining techniques may be applied in the identification of an unknown sample. • Discuss each staining protocol. Mention the steps involved and how each step and each protocol would identify or eliminate each of these genera as a suspect. You may refer to other scientific resources, but they should be in addition to and not in place of the module resources. • Describe the important anatomical differences among these three genera and the staining protocols you would use to identify which genus is causing the patient’s infection. Your essay should be approximately 2 pages in length, double-spaced in 10-12 point font. Please be sure to cite all sources of information, including the text book, in the essay text and on a reference page...
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...Consumer Persuasive Essay Consumers are the people that are eating the food whether it is GMO or not. GMO is really bad for the consumers in many ways and can be dangerous. GMOs are bad for many reasons, but three reasons, unforeseen long term effects, allergies, and side effects. There are many unknown things about GMO just like the unforeseen long term effects of it. Unforeseen long term effects are dangerous because they’re unknown. We don’t what they do or when they’re coming. They have done tests, but have only told us that it doesn’t affect us right when we eat it. Since food is able to leave behind material in us, GMO can leave behind bacteria that will affect us later in life. Also could cause stomach inflammation. They have also found many toxins inside GMO food. An example is when they found GM corn in a pregnant woman’s blood and her newborn. These unforeseen long term effects are really dangerous and should be made aware of....
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...The Black Death was known as the most gruesome and deadliest plagues noted in history. The Black started October 1348 and killed 25 million people until 1350. This plague cleared out roughly 30 to 60 percent of the people in Europe. Like many researchers, historians, and scholars, Herlihy had his own person opinion on this questionable plague. Herlihy is the author of a very controversial book, The Black Death and Transformation of the West. This particular book was based on three essays Herlihy wrote about the Black Death, but they were never published. Herlihy discussed his viewpoint of the cause primary causes, medical issues, and his personal feelings of the Black Death. The first essay mainly focused on the epidemiology and medical issues during that time period that could’ve caused the Black plague. Herlihy started off by questioning if the Black Death should really be known as a plague. Many researches stated that the Black Death expanded due to rodents which caused these people to become ill and die. Due to the rodents causing...
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...Despite evidence of vaccine research in ancient manuscripts, it has not been until the past few centuries that vaccines have truly flourished, undoubtedly revolutionizing health on a global scale. This glory, however was not an easy feat. Initially vaccines faced much criticism as people were clouded with fear of the unknown. Cartoonist James Gilray sketched a powerful cartoon in 1802 which portrayed this sentiment. His cartoon depicted a room full of mutilated people with snouts for noses, hooves instead of hands and their long and flaccid ears. In short, these people were turning into cows. Also illustrated in the center of Gilray’s cartoon was a doctor holding a syringe and gazing into the distance: Edward Jenner. People felt that vaccines were so absurd and dangerous that they were capable of transmute a human being. Jenner’s cowpox vaccine eventually permitted the elimination of smallpox off the face of the earth. In modern day, this ignorant fear seems rather amusing hence in most parts of the world, we have become accustomed to the method and reason of science. Although we do not possess the fear that a vaccine can turn people into cows, we do possess another fear: the fear of...
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...Pacific Rise and Mid Atlantic Ridge Bythograea thermydron, a eurythermal extremophile first described in 1980, lives in such high abundance that they are used as an indicator for active vent sites. Their approximate 4 year life span is spent at 2.7km below sea level at high pressure, a range of temperatures, low pH, low light intensity and sulphide levels toxic to most organisms. This essay covers the adaptations of B.thermydron, its use of chemosynthetic bacterial products and the mystery of colonisation of new vents. Surviving at pressures as high as 260 atmospheres demonstrates one of many ways B.thermydron must adapt to live in an extreme habitat. When pressure...
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...Earth 1200 One of the biggest problems facing the world today is global warming, as many scientists believe that our production of carbon dioxide along with other greenhouse gases are having a heating effect on the atmosphere. This essay will examine the problems of global warming and the dangerous affects that it has for human life along with explaining or possible future. In the documentary Earth 2100, you follow along with Lucy an animated character who describes her life during the global warming timeline that scientists believe will be the sixth extinction. She explains key problems that could happen and will affect our future if we don’t change. The first is a raise in temperature; due to the emitted gases by power plants, automobiles, deforestation and other sources that are warming the planet up. Living on the assumption that oil will be plentiful forever and increase in gas prices leaves people moving out of suburbs and into cities to save money. With a shock to the economy with rising food prices as a result people will be forcing the government to take the easy way out by making no change. Creating more coal based plants we affect the planet by warming it up faster than looking for better environmental options. Another Lucy states will be change in landscape because rising temperatures and pattern changes of weather, as some wildlife will be forced to move where it’s colder leaving others without any viable habitat putting our wildlife at risk. However, this...
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...This essay is based on the 2007 book The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable by Nassim Nicholas Taleb (1960 - ). It is hardly an obscure tome, having been on the New York Times bestseller list for several weeks. Before I get to the essence of this essay I believe explaining what the term “Black Swan” means and saying a few words about the author would be in order. It was once thought in the Old World that only white swans existed. Then from Australia came the realization that there were black swans. And no, they were not white swans made black by bootblack or any other artificial coloring medium. After millennia of observations in the West of millions of white swans, the sighting of one black swan was enough to invalidate this long and firmly held belief. In a broader sense then A Black Swan is a sudden, monumental, and completely unexpected event. WWI, WWII, and 9/11 were Black Swans. If one were to win a multi-million dollars lottery that would be a personal Black Swan (Black Swans are not all negative, although given the troubles experienced by some of these huge lottery winners, this might also be negative). But a Black Swan is more than this – it goes to the heart of and challenges the putative acceptance of Gaussian probabilities. Least you think Gaussian or bell shaped probability functions are theoretical only and not important in real life, then consider that not only mathematics, but engineering, medicine, social sciences, economomics, the insurance...
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...1. Write an essay on protein structure and synthesis Protein synthesis is a cellular process leading to the production of proteins. This term is also synonymous to protein translation. It begins with a sequential process of transcription of DNA into mRNA, which is then used as input for translation after exon-intron splicing. The addition of successive tRNA molecules based on the code of mRNA matched up by base-pairing through their anti-codons in the ribosomes creates the nascent protein. After the protein chain has been synthesized, post-translation modification occurs, e.g. phosphorylation, motifs added to the protein. This may happen at various levels: secondary (alpha-helix, beta-sheets, turn, random coiling), tertiary and quarternary. Protein synthesis is also the process wherein peptide bonds between two amino acids whose formation is controlled. The synthesis begun when the mRNA combines in a little subunit of ribosomes close to an AUG sequence in mRNA. Start codon which is the AUG codon is being such because it does the coding of the first amino acid to be made of protein. “The AUG codon base-pairs with the anticodon of tRNA carrying methionine. A large ribosomal subunit binds to the complex, and the reactions of protein synthesis itself can begin. The aminoacyl-tRNA to be called for next is determined by the next codon (the next three bases) on the mRNA. Each amino acid is coded for by one or more (up to six) codons” (Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis...
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...and erysipelas are often used interchangeably and current usage tends to regard erysipelas as a form of cellulitis rather than a separate entity, making clear distinction difficult (Hay 2004, Kilburn et al 2010). Erysipelas affects the upper dermis and superficial lymphatics, with distinctly raised lesions and clear lines of demarcation between involved and uninvolved tissue. Cellulitis extends more deeply, involving the deeper dermis and subcutaneous fat and lacks the distinctive anatomical features of erysipelas. For the purpose of this essay I will be using the term ‘cellulitis’ to refer to both conditions. This essay will endeavor to discuss the incidence, its clinical presentation, risk factors, differential diagnosis, pathophysiology and classification according to severity of cellulitis with reference to current and relevant literature. The management of cellulitis will not be discussed as it goes beyond the capacity of this essay to accommodate this highly researched area (See appendix IV for empirical antibiotics used to treat common SSTIs). Incidence Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) are relatively common, however there seems to be a...
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...animal breeding for the past 8,000 years • With the discovery of methods to reconstruct evolutionary relationships there is been a vast increase in the relevance of evolutionary biology to human society. Reconstructing Phylogenies • 1859-1950- No coherent empirical methods • 1950-1966- Emergence of Phylogenetic Systematics • Phylogeny by discovery of the order of evolutionary innovation Ribotyping • Fingerprinting or sequencing RNA • Many diseases have unknown causes • However, diseased tissues can be ribotyped. (Wiley Death Fish) • This process involves extracting DNA from diseased tissues and then sequencing the DNA that codes for rRNA. • If a disease agent such as a bacteria is present, then we will get ribosomal DNA sequences from the host (you) and the bacteria (the infection agent). Ribotyping: Phylogeny matching • Once we have the rDNA sequences, we can plug them into a sequence matrix of all life and see where our unknowns appear on the tree of life. Our Food Chain • Some products are easy to identify, but others are not. • A slab of fish fillet from a sea bass looks like a slab of sih fillet from a farmed Asian catfish. • But the sea bass costs $10/pound while the Asian catfish costs $4/pound. • Yet, a simple phylogenetic analysis can sort out the sea bass from the catfish, giving regulatory agencies a new weapon to protect consumers from fraud. Directed Synthetic Evolution ...
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...in America. Since their introduction in the 1990’s, genetically modified (GM) products have conquered agriculture in the United States and hold a large share of the food on American’s plates. (Dupont) Everyone has been exposed to it whether they know it or not. According to the US Department of agriculture by 2012, 88 percent of corn and 94 percent of soy grown in the United States were genetically modified. The purpose of this essay is to explain what genetically modified crop plants are, to discuss the social and ethical implications and to provide my personal view point. Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are defined as organisms whose genome has been modified as genetic engineering. Transferring a gene from one species to another to provide an organism that is transgenic or a gene that may be altered and reinserted into an individual of the same species are the results of a genetically modified organism. Genes can be introduced into plant cells by way of electric or chemical shocks, by blasting them. The most common GMOs are bacteria and yeast, which have been modified to produce medically important proteins which has benefitted people with diabetes. (Starr, Evers, & Starr, 2013) GMOs or GM is used to refer to crop plants that are created for animal or human consumption using the latest molecular biology techniques. According to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), GM technology enables plant breeders to bring together in one plant useful genes from a wide...
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...NINTH EDITION Burton’s MICROBIOLOGY FOR THE HEALTH SCIENCES Paul G. Engelkirk, PhD, MT(ASCP), SM(AAM) Biomedical Educational Services (Biomed Ed) Belton, Texas Adjunct Faculty, Biology Department Temple College, Temple, TX Janet Duben-Engelkirk, EdD, MT(ASCP) Biomedical Educational Services (Biomed Ed) Belton, Texas Adjunct Faculty, Biotechnology Department Temple College, Temple, TX Acquisitions Editor: David B. Troy Product Manager: John Larkin Managing Editor: Laura S. Horowitz, Hearthside Publishing Services Marketing Manager: Allison Powell Designer: Steve Druding Compositor: Maryland Composition/Absolute Service Inc. Ninth Edition Copyright © 2011 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer business © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, © 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, © 1996 Lippincott-Raven, © 1992, 1988, 1983, 1979 JB Lippincott Co. 351 West Camden Street Baltimore, MD 21201 Printed in the People’s Republic of China All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including as photocopies or scanned-in or other electronic copies, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S. government employees...
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