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Urbanisation

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Urbanisation is a demographic process whereby an increasing proportion of population of a region or a country lives in urban areas. It has three linked con­cepts.

Urbanization

1. Demographic phenomena

2. Structural change in society

3. Urbanisation as a behavioural process

As a demographic phenomenon, it is interpreted as a process involving the absolute and relative growth of towns and cities within a defined area. The struc­tural change in society is linked with the demographic process, which is consequent upon the development of Industrial Capitalisation.

Urbanisation is a behavioural process as it is identified as centres of social change, attitudes, values and behavioural pat­terns that modify in a particular milieu to urban places. The demographic component is the depen­dent variable as it provides the driving force for the economic processes.

Origin and Growth:

The process of urbanisation has a long history. It originated during the pre-historic period from the development of settled agriculture. This not only al­lows a large surplus production of storable food, but higher densities of rural population and greater in­tensity of agricultural production. This made it easier to assemble the surplus necessary to support urban population.

The earliest examples of urban development origi­nated on the banks of Tigris and Euphrates between 5000 to 3000 B.C. The beginning of urban life was an economic phenomenon, though urbanisation itself has been pre-eminently a social process.

Urbanisation and Urban Growth:

When the rate of increase in an urban population is equal to or less than the rate of increase of the popu­lation of the region in which urban population is a part, and then the condition of urban growth exists. In cases, where the rate of increase in urban population exceeds the regional rate of increase, by a consider­able

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