...duct. It has to be taken into note that with the flow of filtrate through the tubules, the filtrate composition changes due to tubular secretion and reabsorption, finally results in the fluid called, ‘urine’. Urine is defined as a sterile, fluid by-product of metabolic reactions in the body. Since urination is the primary method for excreting toxins, chemicals and drugs from the body, studying a urine sample can provide information about the state and functioning of the body. Analysing the composition and other factors of urine is referred to as Urinalysis and it is a major diagnostic tool used in medicine. A urinalysis can reveal important facts like the state of health and functioning of parts of the body’s excretory system like detecting systemic diseases affecting the kidneys and renal calculi and presence of metabolic disorders in the body and can also detect infections that could be prevailing within the body. A urinalysis is...
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...Running head: CONTINGENCY MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN SERVICE DELIVERY Contingency Management and Human Service Delivery Table of Contents Introduction …………………………………………………… ..Page 3 What is Contingency Management? …………………………….Page 3 Traditional delivery of Treatment …………………………….....Page 4 What is the role of the Human service Worker?…………………Page 5 What Does Outcome Studies Report? …………………………..Page 7 Conclusion ………………………………………………………Page 11 References ………………………………………………………Page 13 Abstract Contingency management in medicine is a treatment plan that gives immediate rewards for desired changes in behavior. It is based on the principle that if a good behavior is rewarded, it is more likely to be repeated. This is often used in the treatment of drug and alcohol abuse, and is being studied as a smoking cessation method. Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit substance in the United States, with approximately 5.5 million regular weekly users and high prevalence among young adults. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in marijuana use as well as in rates of marijuana use disorders among adults in the 18- to 29-year old age range, most markedly among members of ethnic groups. This paper will define contingency management and how it is implemented by a competent and trained human service worker. By using contingency management the...
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...Negin Ektefaie Dr. Odom 383 L TU 8 AM Urinalysis: What’s in your urine? Introduction The urinary tract consists of two kidneys, two ureters, one bladder and one urethra. Its major function is to remove waste products from our bodies and help regulate the volume and composition of blood by the production and excretion of urine. This drainage system is carried out by nephrons, the functional unit of the kidney, in three subsequent steps: filtration, reabsorption and secretion. When blood enters the renal artery of the kidneys, the blood plasma is filtered by blood pressure forcing fluid across the glomerulus capillary membranes. Glomerular filtration creates a plasma-like filtrate of the blood. Filtrate moves through the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) Nephron loop distal convoluted tubules (DCT), where reabsorption and secretion occurs. Useful solutes, such as water, glucose, and electrolytes are removed from the filtrate by tubular cells; and nitrogenous wastes are removed from the blood and added to the filtrate. The concentrated urea is called tubular fluid. Water conservation takes place in the collecting ducts, where water is removed and returned to the blood, further concentrating the urine. Urine travels from the kidneys through two thin tubes called ureters and fills the bladder. When the bladder is full, a person urinates through the urethra to eliminate the waste. The composition of urine can fluctuate with dietary intake and metabolic activity. It contains...
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...Biology Lab report- urine analysis Method: 1. Obtain 10cm3 of one of the urine samples. 2. Examine the urine visually for odour and clarity, describe what you see and record this on results table. 3. Comment on the odour of the urine sample by wafting capours toward your nose with your hand. Testing for ph 1. Tear off 3cm of universal indicator paper 2. Briefly dip the paper in the urine. 3. Remove the paper and compare its colour against a universal indicator chart. 4. Record ph on results table. Testing for protein 1. Put 2cm3 of the urine sample into a clean test tube. 2. Put 1cm3 of Biuret A (sodium hydroxide) into test tube. 3. Put 1cm3 of Biuret B (copper II sulphate) into the test tube. 4. Observe colour change and comment and record results. Test for glucose 1. Put 2cm3 of urine sample into a clean boiling tube. 2. Add 2cm3 of Bennedict’s reagent to the urine. 3. Heat the urine sample in a boiling water bath. 4. Observe any colour change and comment on whether glucose is present. Results: Samples | colour | Smell | ph | Protein | glucose | 1 | Light straw | aromatic | 9 | absent | present | 2 | Clear | aromatic | 10 | present | absent | 3 | Clear | Clear | 6 | present | present | Diagnosis: Ph Sample 1’s color light straw, indicating concentrated urine. High ADH acting on plasma membrane of collecting duct may be due to insufficient intake of water. Body may be...
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...Procedure Number: SA 7.12.2013 Classification: Substance Abuse Subject: UA testing Effective Date: 10.15.2013 Revision Date: Purpose: To ensure proper process of a urine analysis for drug screening. This procedure will assist staff to maintain applicable compliance. 1. Client signs in: All clients must sign in. 2.1. UA Technician: will 2.2.1. Check client into and out of EPM 2.2.2. Order appropriate PMS standing order (CA-EHR 18 rev 7.30.2012) labs in the EHR through ORDERS 2. Obtaining Sample: Per protocol established with 11th District Drug Court. 3.2. UA Technician: will 3.3.3. Have client sign, initial and place date of birth on a label 3.3.4. Place signature label on the UA sheet 3.3.5. Place initial label on the specimen cup – date of birth is also written on the cup 3.3.6. Obtain specimen 3.3.7. Temperature in noted on the UA sheet. 3.3.8.1. If Client is unable to produce a sample the Technician will note the time on the UA sheet and a Non-Production Form is filled out and scanned into EHR. 3. Documentation Of Urine Analysis: All UA’s will have a PMS progress note documented in EHR. 4.3. UA Technician: will ensure that 4.4.8. Negative results are recorded on the UA sheet. 4.4.9. Positive results are recorded on the UA sheet and 4.4.10.2. The client must sign a positive UA form which...
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...D. Specific Gravity * Procedure: I borrowed a refractometer from the counter and held it in a horizontal position and placed a small amount of urine on the capsule with the support of a dropper, then I looked into the scope of the refractometer to see the measurement of the specific gravity of the urine sample. * After doing the experiment, I threw the urine in the toilet and cleaned the container that I used to put the urine Objectives: -To find the specific gravity of the urine sample Result: The specific gravity of the urine is 1.032 which tells us that the specific gravity of the urine is normal Study Guide Questions: 1. What is the specific gravity of normal urine? What factors can cause a deviation from the normal range? The normal range of specific gravity of urine should be 1.000-1.035. But, there are several cases in which if the measurement of the specific gravity of urine may exceed or may fall behind the average value, which may lead to minimal or severe cases, below are the cases of an irregular measurement of specific gravity: If the specific gravity of urine exceeds, there are possible cases of: -Dehydration, addisons disease, diarrhea, heart failure,renal arterial stenosis, shock, SIADH Meanwhile, if the specific gravity of urine falls behind the average value, there are possible cases of: -aldosteronism, excessive fluid intake, diabetes, kidney failure, renal tubular necrosis, severe kidney ...
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...rib cage. The kidneys are vital in that they keep the components of the blood stable, which gives the body a chance to continue working properly (McConnell, 1982). About one to two quarts of urine are produced each day by the kidneys (McConnell, 1982). Urine leaves the kidneys and travels to the bladder through two muscles called ureters. Once the bladder is completely filled with urine, it empties the urine through a tube called the urethra. All of the organs that make up the urinary tract are critical because wastes and other fluids are filtered from the blood and are removed from the body through urination (Starr, 1998). To see if the body is functioning properly, a urinalysis can be done, which is a test of one’s urine. The physical, chemical, and microscopic contents of urine are examined through a urinalysis test, and the results can determine if there are any abnormalities. The purpose...
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...many tests available to these employers to choose. This paper will cover the type of test available, what's the kind of programs are offered to those who abuse drugs and give a general summary of both ethical and legal issues surrounding drug testing in the workplace (Hartwell, 1996). There are five types of drug tests that employers can choose. These five tests are consist of urinalysis, blood testing, hair testing, saliva, and sweat testing. The most common form of drug testing used during pre-employment is urinalysis. Urinalysis is the most popular with companies because of how little the cost is and how easy it is to administer on of these test. Although there are low costing and easy, these test can easily be tampered with by the recipients of the test by drinking large amounts of water pretest to dilute the urine to make the sample untestable. Another problem that may arise is that of a possibility of error with the test at the lab which they are tested. When handling the urine samples, if the temperature gets too low or high, or one of the seals tamper with that test will become invalid. Urinalysis does not tell what drug has been used or when it was used; it only show that that person has the metabolites of drugs. This metabolite testing can be hit or miss. If a person does drugs in the morning before a test, the drugs may not...
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...urine pH that is too acidic or alkaline Urinary tract infection Breed disposition, such as Persian, Bermese or Himalayan Medications Radiology diagnostic agents, such as rediopaque contrast agents Improper diet Diagnosis of Crystals in the Urine in Cats The veterinarian will ask for the cat's health history, which will include any recent symptoms of urinary problems. The veterinarian will examine the cat and look for any irritation in the genital area. Because crystalluria may indicate the presence of bladder or kidney stones, the veterinarian will also gently feel the cat's abdomen, feeling for the presence of any large stones. A urinalysis is the best test in order to identify crystalluria. The four most common types of crystals, calcium oxalate, uric acid, struvite and cystine, can be isolated and identified with a urinalysis. The urinalysis will also test the urine pH, look for the presence of any white blood cells, bacteria and protein in the urine. If the veterinarian wants to take a sterile urine sample, this is done with a procedure called cystocentesis. During cystocentesis, a needle will be inserted through the cat's skin into the bladder. The veterinarian will take a sample of the urine before withdrawing the needle. A sterile urine sample allows the veterinarian to look at the urine without any contamination from the cat's urethra or genitals. An ultrasound and x-ray may also be performed. These tests will help identify any abnormalities in the bladder, kidneys...
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...a greater ability to effectively communicate in writing while also understanding a wide range of technical topics. While attending USNA, I held many leadership positions, including Plebe Summer Battalion Operations Officer, Company Adjutant Officer, and Women’s Varsity Golf team captain. With these skills, I was able to develop my personal leadership style and learn to balance personal and professional responsibilities. 2. What is the difference between a'smart' and a'smart'? From May 2022 until November 2022, I served as the Assistant Urinalysis Coordinator for the Naval Academy and NSA Annapolis. In this role, I was responsible for setting up and taking down the urinalysis events, coordinating the delivery of the urinalysis samples with the Post Office, contacting and organizing all urinalysis observers, and acting as a qualified Urinalysis Program Coordinator (UPC). During this six-month period, I coordinated and worked at weekly urinalysis events for over 1000 sailors, doing my part to ensure fleet readiness and accountability. 3. What is the difference between a'smart' and a'smart'? I attended Nuclear Power School from November 2022 to July 2023, graduating with a 3.25 GPA and ranking 38 out of 95 students. Going into Power School, I was repeatedly told I was going to struggle to succeed due to my background in English. However, I proved myself to be capable of learning complex STEM topics, achieving higher test scores than many of my peers who had more applicable degrees...
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...us, the situation is not so simple. There, too, each cell needs nutrients and produces wastes, but most of the cells are not directly in contact with the environment. So, body fluids serve as a medium for carrying nutrients and waste products from the cells as well as a means for carrying the chemical communicators that coordinate activities among cells. That’s why through the analysis of these body fluids we can easily diagnose and detect any diseases. These analyses of body fluids include the analysis of urine, blood, and saliva. Analyzing urine is still one of the simplest ways to screen a person quickly for underlying medical conditions. That’s why so many physician offices still perform routine urinalysis when you are getting a checkup. Urinalysis let us study the kidney and how the body forms urine, so that we can understand what things should and should not be present in a urine specimen, in this case the normal and abnormal constituents. Urine is a body fluid that is easily collected and usually plentiful, so that many laboratory tests can be performed which can access the function of the kidney as well as many other organs in the body. The analysis of urine is one of the oldest lab tests performed for these reasons. Since other body fluids share similarities to urine, we also study their physical, chemical, and microscopic components so that we can assess health or disease states. Blood analysis is commonly carried out on a sample of blood drawn...
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...Improving Emergency Department Throughput Time HCS/587 October 1, 2012 Improving Emergency Department Throughput Time Hospitals are experiencing patient congested emergency departments. At Baptist Memorial Hospital, the increase in patient volume and limited capacity contributes to long length of stays and patients leaving without being seen. As a result of overcrowded emergency rooms, patient length of stay becomes more important. Throughput times in the emergency department (ED) play a substantial role in patient and staff satisfaction. Length of stay in the ED is directly related to patient volume, patient acuity, lab turnaround times, and time to treatment, which is all connected to patient satisfaction. Long wait time contributes to patients leaving prior to a medical screening examination. Patients who leave without been screened is dangerous and sometimes deadly, thereby creating a liability for the hospital. Baptist Memorial Hospital has outgrown its current capacity creating overcrowding and delays. Hospital capacity is an organizational barrier faced by Baptist Memorial Hospital. Patient presentations over the past several years have increased substantially as well as an increase in hospital diversion and a decrease in overall patient satisfaction. The current ED operates out of 11 beds with one around the clock physician and a mid-level provider during peak times. Nurse to patient ratios are 4:1 with a dedicated charge nurse. The department also...
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...------------------------------------------------- Education ------------------------------------------------- Everest institute, Norcross, GA; Medical assistant diploma ------------------------------------------------- kba learning center, mangilao, guam; certificate booking and office procedure ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- skills ------------------------------------------------- injections, ekg, capillary sticks, urinalysis, venipunture, vital Signs, sterilization, spirometry, throat culture, pap smear, processing claims, cpt & icd 9 coding, therapeutic procedures, charting, cpr and first aid, microsoft office, and typing 60 wpm Professional Experience Medical Assistant Externship United Pediatrics, 9/2013 – 11/2013 * Conducting Vital signs and recording medical history * Preparing patient for examinations, assist physician with examination * Injections, urinalysis, venipuncture administered when ordered by physician * Scheduling patient’s appointments, heavy phone, Insurance Verification * Administered Fluoride, Iron/Lead Testing, Strep Testing, Immunizations, * Well Baby physicals, Sick patient appointments, School physicals Store Manager, Rent-A-Center 3/2010 – 06/2012 * Assisted in staffing and scheduling of associates, and ensured...
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...Problem Most employers require passing some kind of drug test to get hired on. They might require a drug test for an accident investigation, or a random drug test. Either way everyone knows they might get drug tested at their place of employment. What is the drug test process? How accurate is that drug test? What drugs will they be looking for? What kinds of drug tests are there? What is the better drug testing method to use? This is what The Better Business Bureau wants to know. Background The Better Business Bureau has requested information on accurate drug testing, and the types of drugs that are tested in the workplace. BBB wants information regarding if the drug tests are just as accurate with all drugs tested for. The Better Business Bureau uses the information provided to grade a business. They determine if the drug testing companies meet Better Business Bureau accreditation standards. The Better Business Bureau is a nonprofit organization that was founded in 1912. It exists to gather and review information on businesses based on the information, and consumer reports that the BBB has received, and give the business a grade. The Better Business Bureau grades businesses with letter grades from A+ (highest) to F (lowest). The BBB will usually explain the major reasons that raised or lowered a business’ grade. The consumers then utilize this information to decide if they want to do business with a certain business. Consumers are also the ones who generally...
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...Diagnosis and Treatment University of Phoenix Axia College BEH 225 February 27, 2011 Abstract Eating disorders refer to a group of conditions characterized by abnormal eating habits, which may be excessive or insufficient food intake (Wikipedia, 2011). Diagnosing Eating Disorders The disorder that I have chosen to write about is Eating Disorders. There are many disorders within this category that include anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating. According to eating disorders the symptoms for diagnosing eating disorders are obsessed with food, body image and weight loss (Healthline, 2011). They may have severely limited food choices, bizarre eating rituals, excessively drink fluids and chew gum, avoid eating with other people, loss of interest in sex, low blood pressure, depressed body temperature, unexplained vomiting, and hair growth of the body or face (Healthline, 2011). Treating Eating Disorders There are numerous treatment options that are used for treating this disorder. Through research, it was found that the best ways to treat eating disorders are through therapy and counseling. Therapy is crucial to treating anorexia and bulimia. A therapist can address any feelings of shame and isolation caused by the eating disorder. Cognitive behavioral therapy is the most common therapy for eating disorders because it educated about nutrition, healthy weight management, and relaxation techniques (Help Guide, 2011). Nutritional counseling is important to help the person...
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