...Case 5-11 Case 5-1 America’s Cuban Conundrum: The Assignment Tonisha Pearson Strayer University – MKT 505: International Marketing July 29, 2012 Dr. David Holness, Instructor 1. Analyze the key issue that prompted the EU to take the Helms-Burton dispute to the WTO. The key issue that prompted the EU to take the Helms-Burton dispute to the WTO is the theory that law argues against the governments’ authority and the principle of International Law. The EU believed that there are measures in the Act that are divergent to the obligations of the United States of America in the WTO Agreements, particularly the GATS, Article 14 applying to trade and services, and GATT , Article 21 applying to trade in goods (Toledo, 2011). According to John H. Jackson, Andreas F. Lowenfeld, both Professors of Law, it is argued that the GAT and GATT contracts would provide a defense for the United States to many if not all of the United States Helms-Burton measures, even if some of these measures would otherwise be considered to be inconsistent with United States treaty obligations. These exceptions, however if given a broad interpretation could undermine the whole WTO treaty and impair the security and stability of the world trading system for which the WTO has been created. On the other hand, it is extremely important to all nations that national security to a requirement, and for an international...
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...1. Why do you think the Cuban government requires non-Cuban businesses to hire and pay workers only through the government? Do you think it is ethical for non-Cuban businesses to enter into partnerships with the Cuban government? Why or why not? Cuba was bartering with its communist allies in return for goods. The sale of sugar was grossing over $5 billion. After the Soviet Union collapsed, the gross income from sugar dropped to $20 million. The Cuban government searched for methods to raise income and cut costs. They began by closing inefficient sugar mills and eventually shut down half of the island’s mills. Cuba could not begin exporting to the United States due to the embargo. They turned to Canada, Mexico, and Europe for the sale of sugar. Cuba began to search for a new export and found they held a large reserve of nickel. International mining companies saw the nickel reserve as a source of income and tried to establish relations with Cuba. Cuba saw that they had something other companies wanted and decided to exploit their desire to conduct business with them. Many restrictions and laws were established to milk international companies for extra money. The established laws that required non-Cuban investors to use the government to hire, fire, and pay its workers. This allowed to the government to choose exploitable workers for positions in the mills and mines. The government controlled the worker’s wages in order to keep a cut for themselves. One...
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...involved together in plots to kill Fidel Castro. Did they turn their guns on Kennedy? The world will never know, but one thing that we know is… The world has changed since the early days of 1962, but one thing has remained constant from the cold war: The United States’ economic embargo on Cuba, a near-total trade ban that turned 50 years old in January 2012. Most supporters say it is a justified measure against a repressive Communist government that has never stopped being a thorn in Washington’s side. Critics call it a failed policy that has hurt ordinary Cubans instead of the government. All acknowledge that it has not accomplished its core mission of toppling Fidel Castro or his brother and successor, Raúl. Although his predecessor, President Dwight D. Eisenhower, had imposed trade restrictions Mr. Kennedy announced the total embargo on Feb. 3, 1962, citing “the subversive offensive of Sino-Soviet Communism with which the government of Cuba is publicly aligned Although his predecessor, President Dwight D. Eisenhower, had imposed trade restrictions Mr. Kennedy announced the total embargo on Feb. 3, 1962, citing “the subversive offensive of Sino-Soviet Communism with which the government of Cuba is publicly aligned.” It went into effect four days later at the...
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...For over 50 years the United States of America and Cuba have had a negative relationship. In 1959, Fidel Castro and a group of revolutionists overthrew the Cuban government, changing it to a Communist country, which then created a strong relationship between Cuba and Soviet Union. During this time, the United States was at a stalemate war with the Soviet Union, now known as the Cold War. As Cuba’s relationship grew with the Soviet Union, their relationship with the United States quickly faded. As communism grew it began to ruin the United States’ idea of containment, which caused havoc within the economy. Cuba then became an enemy of the United States. Since that pivotal moment in history, the relationship between the United States and Cuba have experienced turmoil, which the current U.S. president Barack Obama, and the Cuban leader Raul Castro, have been trying to end the disorder between the two countries. In 1953 Fidel Castro and a group of 130 revolutionaries attempted to overthrow the dictatorship of Cuba but ended in a failure and later led to Castro’s imprisonment. The current dictator of Cuba, Fulgencio Batista, pardoned Castro, which was a major mistake. In 1956 Castro lead another revolt and promised the people of Cuba that he would replace Batista’s dictatorship with free elections and also promised that he would end the corruption in the Cuban government. (Dowling) Castro wanted to overthrow Batista because of his corruption and violence. Batista was known as a cruel...
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...United States imposed sanctions (Van den Berg, 228). Currently the U.S. has sanctions imposed on countries such as Burma, North Korea and Cuba. The Cuban sanctions date back to the 1960’s. Sanctions can be imposed by one or several countries and come in a variety of shapes and sizes. This paper will examine trade and economic sanctions, the effectiveness of sanctions, as well as evaluate the sanctions the United States has imposed upon Iraq, Cuba, and North Korea. Trade sanctions, according to International Economics A Heterodox Approach, are trade restrictions imposed by a country in order to punish or persuade another country to change objectionable policies or behavior. Sanctions can be imposed either unilaterally or by a group of countries, or an organization such as the League of Nations, or the World Trade Organization. Trade sanctions can range from mild, selectively concentrating on a certain aspect of the economy, to extreme, targeting a countries entire economy (Barber 368). Trade sanctions can be used when military action is considered too extreme, but diplomatic protest is too meager. Trade sanctions are not without cost, but they are much less costly than other alternatives. A “sender” country imposes a sanction on another country to restrict its imports and exports, or to impede the country’s finances. The discomfort from a trade sanction is usually felt by the target county’s population, and could benefit the country’s elites through the control of the countries...
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...annexation, so that the Queer's polices and the tariff from the U.S. Would be changed. The actions taken were by a small minority of white sugar planters revolted in 1893 with American troops assistants. The first attempt for annexation was passed, Cleveland took office and then refused to sign the bill. Hawaii is the 50th state of the U.S. Documents were signed 1960, and a flag ordered. There is some questions regarding the truth behind Hawaii becoming a nation under the United States of America. Sugar is still the largest products the trade. Alaska The main interested of America “Manifest Destiny” they were expanding it's control across the continent. Alaska was a good souse of natural resources. America first there was a treaty for the territory with Russia. Later America bought Alaska due to Russia did not wish to lose the land in war, America wanted the land north of Canada to ensure no of country join Canada against the U.S. The issues today is the state of Alaska would like the federal government to allow the state control over the oil and mineral prospects. Philippines The...
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...ACADEMY OF ECONOMIC STUDIES FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION SUBJECT: INTERNATIONAL MARKETING STUDENTS: ICHIMOAEI VICTOR-DRAGOS MIHAI MINODORA-ELENA GROUP 133, SERIES A PROJECT THEME: CUBA TABLE OF CONTENT: 1. HISTORY 2. GOVERNMENT 3. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT 3.1. LOCATION 3.2. CLIMATE 3.3. RESOURCES 4. RELIGION AND LAW 5. PERSONAL COMMUNICATION 6. CULTURE 6.1. MUSIC 6.2. SPORTS 7. ECONOMY AND MARKETING ENVIRONMENT 8. CURRENCY 9. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. HISTORY Cuba was discovered in the 15th century by Christopher Columbus and his conquistadors on the journey to discover a new route to East Asia through the west. He coasted in Santiago de Cuba and the city became the capital of the colony and remained such till the capital was relocated to Havana. On 2 December 1956 a party of 82 people on the yacht Granma landed in Cuba. They landed a week later, off course and under attack from Batista's forces, who had been anticipating their arrival. Fewer than 20 of the men on the ship survived. Batista's men claimed to have killed Castro yet could not produce a body. Months later New York Times reporter Herbert Matthews would publish the first in a series of articles that proved Castro was very much alive and made him a legend: "Fidel Castro, the rebel leader of Cuba's youth, is alive and fighting hard and successfully in the rugged, almost impenetrable fastness of the Sierra...
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...with opinions on both ends of the spectrum. While he is not worldly popular at this point in his life, he was immensely beneficial to his country. Fidel Castro, leader of Cuba for the past 50 years may not be viewed in the best light, but he did phenomenal things for his people which makes him one of the most undervalued and overlooked political figures. Fidel Castro Ruz was born in Biran, Cuba on August 13, 1926 (Britannica, 2014). Born into a middle class sugar farm owning family, Castro grew up relatively affluent but his origins pointed to anything but a revolutionary career. “I was born into a family of landowners in comfortable circumstances. We were considered rich and treated as such. Everyone lavished attention on me and treated me differently from other children. These other children went barefoot while we wore shoes; they were often hungry, at our house there was always a squabble at the table to get us to eat.” – Fidel Castro (Castro, 2009) Fidel Castro’s family was not Rockefeller rich, but had far more than many other people did in Cuba at the time. Due to this he attended an elite Catholic private school. Castro was very much into politics, while attending the University of Havana he joined a student group that opposed political corruption. He was a member of the Orthodox Part, also known as the Cuban People’s Party (Geyer, 1991). With Fidel Castro’s exceptional public speaking skills he was able to help the party express their wants and needs. In 1947 Castro became...
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...Chapter 13 Regulation of Exports: Lenin’s prophesy: “The capitalists will sell us the rope we need to hang them” I. National Security and Foreign Policy Issues A. Nations restrict exports of goods and technology for three basic reasons: 1. To protect national security – restricting the exports that could make a significant contribution to the military capabilities of any other country that could be detrimental to the U.S. 2. To implement foreign policy – nations may grant or deny trade privileges to further foreign policy objectives See p. 411 for a list of reasons - As of 2010, the US had strict foreign policy trade controls, as well as restrictions on investment and travel, relating to 4 countries deemed to be “state sponsors of terrorism” = Cuba, Iran, Sudan, Syria - Pres. Bush took North Korea off of the list - Libya was also taken off the list after renouncing its attempts to possess weapons of mass destruction 3. To limit the sale of strategic goods and raw materials in short supply - Could apply to food, medicine, basic metals, or natural resources B. Effectiveness of Trade Sanctions - Opponents and Proponents w/no clear consensus - However, to be effective, sanctions need universal cooperation II. History of U.S. Export Laws A. The Rationale - U.S. concerns about technology and weaponry falling into enemy hands Therefore, it regulates the export of arms, technology, commodities with military applications, and...
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...On Friday October 16, 1981, President Ronald Reagan wrote in his personal diary, “Central America is really the world’s next hotspot. Nicaragua is an armed camp supplied by Cuba and threatening a communist takeover of all of Central America.” (The Reagan Diaries, 2007) For the next eight years as Commander-in-Chief, this mindset would shape his perspective on the small Third World country about the size of North Carolina. The Administration’s policies, actions, and attitudes toward Nicaragua and other perceived hostile nations became known as “Reagan Doctrine.” The defeat of the Nicaraguan Revolution became the “cornerstone of the Reagan Central American policy and the test case of Reagan Doctrine.” (U.S. Intervention in the Nicaraguan Elections and American Foreign Policy in the Post-Cold War Era, 1992) Reagan Doctrine was not a label coined by President Reagan or his administration. It was a term used later by his critics to define his foreign policy strategy for countries around the world. The Reagan Doctrine was a strategy to aid anti-communist, or more specifically, anti-Soviet insurgencies in the Third World during Reagan’s two terms as president from 1981-1989. The primary goal was to overthrow Marxist regimes and/or prevent Marxist regimes from becoming established. Reagan wasted no time getting started in the implementation of his foreign policy. The Administration’s first comprehensive “U.S. National Security Strategy,” which was a document approved by the President...
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...Political Science Quarterly, Spring 2001 v116 i1 p81 The Cuban Missile Crisis and the Limits of Crisis Management. RICHARD M. PIOUS. Full Text: COPYRIGHT 2001 Academy of Political Science Nowhere do the constitutional prerogatives of the president seem greater than in the midst of national security crises; nowhere do we invest in the president greater resources of command. Although in the past half century presidents have surrounded themselves with a vast national security apparatus, consisting of intelligence agencies and the National Security Council, it is not at all clear that presidents have been effective as crisis managers. They often lack crucial information, use incomplete or misleading analogies to understand crisis situations, find it difficult to micromanage events, and are unable to project force effectively. Even when they are successful, it is often in spite of, rather than because of, the resources of the institutionalized presidency at their disposal. The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 provides a case study of how John F. Kennedy and Nikita Khrushchev almost blundered into a nuclear war through the crisis management approaches of their advisory systems, but then managed to extricate themselves using personal diplomacy and old-fashioned political horsetrading. They did so without revealing to the world how they had defused the crisis, a decision to maintain confidentiality with far reaching consequences for subsequent presidential crisis decision making...
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...countries and non-state actors. Foreign policies are designed by the government through high-level decision making processes. The US has been involved in foreign affairs with Latin America for some time now. How are the US and Latin America with Foreign Affairs? Are Latin Americans’ Intellectual Properties being robbed? Are Latin American countries being restored and growing? There are many other questions to ask regarding the foreign policy issues concerning Latin America. One huge problem with Foreign Affairs/Policies is the Drug Trafficking from Latin America into the United States. Cuba is not necessarily a drug producing country but it is a transit one. In 1998 nearly 7.2 metric tons of cocaine were seized in Colombia on its way to Cuba. Also, there was a 50% increase in drug over flight, which includes people carrying drugs as mules on planes and the dropping of drugs into American water from Cuban planes heading to the States (House Government Reform Committee) Castro had once said that he did not want the United States interfering with Cuban drug relations. Most American government officials believed him to be the main cause of drug transportation in and out of Cuba. Especially since the ship that was seized with the 7.2 metric tons of cocaine was a Cuban Government vessel (House Government Reform Committee). The United States has always held Cuba closely in check about drug trafficking. The FBI, Federal Bureau of Investigations, the DEA, Drug Enforcement Administration...
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...AP* World History Study Guide and Graphic Organizers – Unit 5: The Modern World, 1914 CE – present 1. World War I Students are required to know the causes, major events, and consequences of WWI 1) Causes a) Imperialism i) No new lands to expand into – some nations didn’t have many colonies (Germany, Italy) ii) Rivalries as nations competed for colonies iii) Sometimes armed conflict in colonial lands for control over resources b) Nationalism i) Pride in one’s nation, want one’s nation to be the best and most powerful ii) Fostered conflict as nations competed to be the best iii) Justified imperialism, militarism iv) Caused disruptions in multi-ethnic nations (Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire); rebellions, revolts against foreign rule c) Militarism i) Build up of a country’s military; keeping a large standing army ii) Nations expanded their militaries as a show of power iii) Arms race: each nation needed to have a standing army because their neighbors had standing armies d) Alliances i) Bismarck: German chancellor behind alliance system in Europe ii) Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy allied; France, Great Britain, Russia allied 2) Events a) Assassination of Archduke Frantz Ferdinand: Serbian terrorists kill the Austrian duke and his wife as they honeymooned in Sarajevo i) Austria demands Serbian submission ii) Russia offers to back Serbians in defying Austrians iii) Austria and Germany declare war on Serbia and Russia (along with Russia’s allies) b) Schlieffen...
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...Australia, principally) became the wealthy countries of the world and are referred as the first world countries. At the beginning of the twentieth century, Russia adopted the socialist economic model and began to industrialize. However, it was a century and a half behind Western civilization, and socialism did not turn out to be effective in a world that was geared toward capitalism. The countries that followed this model (U.S.S.R,China, Cuba, etc.) became the Second World Countries. Countries that were unaffected by the two great revolutions (Industrial Revolution in the West and Communist Revolution in the East) are today's Third World Countries, the poorest countries in the world. World System Theory postulates that the vast majority of Third World Countries will never become equal to the more economically advanced countries because of world policies put into effect first by GATT (General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs), The World Bank, and the International Monetary Foundation. Gradually, the G7 took charge of world monetary and trade issues. The G7 refers to the money managers of the seven wealthiest nations (U.S.,...
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...pharmaceuticals and merchandise are manufactured in china. Any Trade embargos or military involvement would make those resources unavailable and cause a severe merchandise shortage. This will impact sales and profits. China has been aggressive posturing and advancing its military interests. if this trend continues this could lead to trade embargos and/or military involvement. Medium - China has slowly building up to the current level of posturing. At this time it is unknown how far they will go. High - The companies main source of income is the sale of goods. If Bills Drugs is unable to resupply, financial loss will follow. low - We cannot effect the outcome of this potential event. We can only attempt to mitigate it's effects. HIPAA Data exfiltration by attack of the company network. The company network has been compromised and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act data has been exposed. A hacker successfully attacked the company network. Using A combination of social engineering, and the exploitation of un-patched servers was able to penetrate the corporate network. Medium - Our information security measures have discouraged or stopped many attacks. Given the sheer volume of potential attackers and attacks, no network is 100% secure. High -There will be fines and we will need to prove that we have been diligent in the protection of this data. Also there will be the damage to our public image that will need to be addressed. Medium - Through proper application of...
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