...to the beginning of the 20th century (Carolan, 2012; Holt & Reed, 2006). however its broader application and global popularity merely emerged within the past 30 years, which was mainly caused by the gaining awareness about that with increasingly intensified agriculture – which was induced by the ‘Green Revolution’ and necessary due to the continuously growing demand for food – remarkable damage to the environment was caused and despite its intensification still struggles to supply the growing world population adequately with food (Conford, 2001; Holt & Reed, 2006). This is an up-to-date issue which has to be taken care of and there is obviously need for improvement in regard to environmental and...
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...51% subsidiary, as a joint venture with a local investment partner. Since then M&M appointed dealers in all the nine provinces of South Africa and also created a network of customer service outlets and a distribution network for spare parts. Despite the global economic downturn between 2007 and 2009, from their first step in South Africa market till now, M&M now expects to capture much larger market share with the new economic momentum both in South Africa and in other countries in the region. (Johannesburg, 2012) M&M USA Mahindra USA Inc. (Mahindra), a wholly owned subsidiary of Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd. (M&M), entered the U.S. market in 1994 and establishing its corporate headquarters in Tomball, Texas. Mahindra’s most popular product, however, is the tractor, and these tough, dependable vehicles are sold and serviced by hundreds of leading dealers throughout North America. Mahindra USA now has three U.S. assembly plants, with a fourth assembly plant opening in August 2012, that deliver tractors to nearly 400 dealers in the U.S....
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...Kudler Fine Foods Legal Analysis Obtaining timely and accurate legal advice is a critical necessity in the modern corporate world and like all industries legal professionals are area specialists. Today’s lawyers may work exclusively with labor issues, negotiations, taxes, contracts, litigation or general corporate law, to mention a few. Retaining one skilled attorney able to navigate the entire scope of Kudler’s needs is unlikely and therefore Kudler will need to retain a corporate law firm to represent all of its interests. According to Kudler Fine Foods (2011) website, Kudler currently uses Anne Shousha, Kathy Kudler’s sister-in-law, as its legal counsel. Anne is reportedly a successful tax attorney employed by an accounting firm in San Diego, California (Legal Overview). Additionally, Kudler’s contact with Anne is screened by Kathy and conducted either by phone, at family events or on the rare occasion in a face-to-face meeting. Historically, Anne has not billed Kudler for the telephonic or casual consultations but does bill at $100.00 per hour for formal meetings. At this time, Kudler’s policy regarding internal legal issues is one in which customer or employee injury’s are reported by the Store Manager to Kathy and she then notifies Anne. Store Managers are free to identify potential legal concerns and suggest them to Kathy but the ultimate decision to elevate to Anne rests with Kathy. According to Kudler Fine Foods (2011) website, Kudler “has had only a few customer...
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...Economic Growth: Comparison of Australia, USA and India Subject: HI5003 Economics for Business Submitted by: Anju Kattel Panta OLI2392 Binu Pokhrel Neupane EMV2704 Harpreet Kaur PCC2409 Rachel Chomapoy BRI2029 Khadijah Iftaqar BSI2129 Shama Shrestha EMV2816 Wangyang Wei ANY2083 Date: 6 June, 2014 Introduction to Economic Growth In this report, the economic growth of Australia, USA and India is discussed. Economic growth is key factor to economic development. People of the nation are benefited when national income grows. The is no any scientific method of formula to measure the economic growth whereas the data, charts and other information can be helpful for strategy-makers to understand the countries’ economic positions and design a framework to guide for an effort toward development. Data are the artefacts covering measures of economic growth, such as gross domestic product (GDP) and gross national income (GNI). They also have pointers representing elements known to be appropriate to economic growth, such as capital stock, employment, investment, savings, consumption, government spending, imports, and exports (The World Bank, 2014). GDP is considered to be one of the basic indicators that assess a country’s economy growth. According to The statistics Portal (2014) GDP is defined as market value goods and services produced by using the resources and capital of the country in provided span of time irrespective of nationality. Normally, it is calculated...
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...Contents 1. Introduction to Ethiopia’s Economy 3 Agriculture effect on economy 4 2. Ethiopian Economy Facts 9 3. GDP Projection 14 Analysis of various factors 17 Inflation 17 Interest Rates 17 Exports and Imports 18 Trend Analysis 18 4. Conclusion 19 5. References 20 1. Introduction to Ethiopia’s Economy Ethiopian economy is mainly based on agriculture sector, which accounts for 46% of the GDP and 85% of the total employment. Coffee has been a major crop which also mainly contributes to Ethiopia’s exports to the other countries. Ineffective cultivation practices and inadequate rainfall are the major deterrents to the agricultural sector. But recent joint efforts by the Ethiopia Government and aid agencies are helping to upgrade the traditional agricultural practices. This has significantly contribution to the reduction in number of Ethiopians suffering from starvation. The sectors of banking which comprises Insurance and Micro-credit industries are not open to foreign investors, though Ethiopia had huge inflows of investment in other commercial agricultural sectors like leather and textile. The graph shows Ethiopian economy’s sector-wise performance from the year 2004 to 2010. The agricultural sector has seen constant decline from 65% to 30% chiefly due to minimal rainfall. Soil is not fertile for the harvesting, so the crops were not growing properly. In industry sector emerging as it can be seen from growth up to 60% in 2010 as compare to...
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...Agriculture in Brazil Agriculture represents a big share of Brazilian economy ever since it was still a colony of Portugal. The first product consolidated was sugarcane, then coffee and later dairy. Brazil is now the third biggest agriculture exporter behind the USA and European Union only. The factors responsible for Brazil’s growth in global scenario are the available natural resources (soil, water and light), the diversity of products offered, the growth in agriculture area and productivity, growth in demand from Asian countries, among others. It is now the biggest exporter in sugar, cattle meat, poultry meat, coffee, orange juice, tobacco and ethanol (Landim, 2010). Food production in Brazil takes over 282 million hectares, approximately. In 2005, agribusiness was responsible for 27,9% of the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP), 36,9% of exportations e 37% of employments. Almost 40% of the agribusiness gross production is originated in family based farms (Spadotto, 2005). Thanks to the government’s investment in research through companies like Embrapa it was possible to grow 4.7% per year in productivity between 1990 and 2009 with only 1.7% growth in area. According to França et al (2009) between the last two Agribusiness Census made by the Brazilian government to measure the expansion of the national agriculture it was noticeable that the mid-west region was consolidated as a major production area, soybean production expanded into new areas like the north and northeast...
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...C L I M A T E In Business Communication A critical analysis of Closed Climate Communication in XX Company/E The web-based Merriam-Webster dictionary (2012) defines communication as: “A verbal or written message. A process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, or behaviour”. Communication is an insightful human nature. It is an important tool to express one’s self and understand others. The typical elements composing communication are; message(s), sender(s), receiver(s), channel(s) and noise is usually impeded (Buchanan & Huczynski, 2010), as illustrated in Figure 1. Noise is a collective terminology for any misalignment between the message sent, or encoded, and the message received, or decoded, causing misunderstanding, misperception, misinterpretation…etc. Figure 1 Communication Elements (Source: Buchanan, D. A. and Huczynski, A. H. ( 2010) ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR, 7th edn, UK, Pearson Education Ltd) Thinking of all our differences in culture, environment, language, perception, age, experience, role, skills, as individuals as well as societies, it might seem impossible to establish noise-free communication (Thomson & McHugh, 2002). In organizations, healthy, contented and productive working environment urges for effective strategies to guide employees on how to eliminate noise and achieve work environment where signal transmitted (equals) signal received. Why is it so important...
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...| | |PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE |Credit Program Officer, Millennium Challenge Account-Armenia Program, Foreign Financing Projects Management Center State | | |Institution, Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia, February 2012 – current | | |Overall management, oversight and evaluation of implementation of the MCA-Armenia | | |Credit Program (total portfolio 8.5 mln USD), preparation of the reports, memos and other papers on the progress of the Project | | |Review reports, other deliverables and implementation documents developed and submitted by the MCA-Armenia Credit Program | | |implementer | | |Monitoring and analysis of rural financial market development trends, study of the policies for the Rural Financial Market | | |development | | |Consultations and coordination with stakeholders and donors working in the area of rural...
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...round seeks to build on the Uruguay Round’s progress by lowering trade barriers found at national borders and domestic practices, to promote free trade between countries of different prosperity. Agriculture is the centre of focus in this current round.1 With average agricultural tariffs allowed at 62 percent, trade in this sector has been vastly distorted.2 Therefore, the agricultural goals of Doha seek to tackle trade barriers afflicting the agricultural trade through lowering export subsidies, opening market and eliminating trade distorting domestic policies.3 The Doha Round also emphasized on encouraging countries to expand trade, so that they can promote economic growth and reduce poverty through the benefits of trade. As such, market access and trade liberalization remained key objectives of this round where developed nations bargain for access into developing nations’ markets in exchange for a reduction in their own subsidization in agricultural products.4 Currently, talks in the Doha Round are stalled over disagreements on major issues regarding agriculture, non-agriculture market access (NAMA), industrial tariffs, non-trade barriers (NTB) and services. The most significant being the persistent difference in interests between developed and developing nations, led by the EU, USA and Japan in the formal and Brazil, China, India, South Korea and South Africa in the latter. One instance would be developing countries insisting on measures that recognize their developmental...
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...Resource Management and Organizational Behavior I 29th of March 2012 Offshoring: The next industrial Revolution? Summary The article consists of the idea that the third industrial revolutions is coming within the next couple of decades. Economists believe that this in merely an international business as usual, and that it will improve each nation comparative advantages. This revolution will not include shifts from the agriculture to the manufacturing, nor the manufacturing to the service sector, but will consist of offshoring of service jobs from the richer countries to the poorer ones, since the labor is cheaper there. The article takes Blinders thesis, and tells us about the positive aspects of it, and the negative. Economic theorists accordingly divide the world’s goods and services into two bins, tradable and nontradable, and it moves only in one direction, that is, more and more items become tradable. People say that the third industrial revolution will require vast and unsettling adjustments, and that we have done that before with the other two revolutions. We should not fear, since according to the other two, the revolution will not mean the end of service jobs, nor cause widespread unemployment. Also not all service jobs can be offshored. The world gained a lot from the first two revolutions, and is likely to do so from the third one as well. The article also focuses on improving the safety net in the USA to support works that lose their jobs, and the “Cost disease”...
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...in every aspect of our everyday life. We depend on it to inform us on the state of our local and world status. The media resource should not be overlooked by any business, large or small. It is vital that businesses today learn how to use this resource to improve our economic value. California’s agriculture has taken a financial beating over the past five years. The 3 years experience acquired as a production manager at a local alfalfa company has brought to light the impact Central Valley agriculture has on the world. Alfalfa is the primary means of feeding cattle. The large and small cattle farms relied on our high quality feed for their organic and non-organic product. The cost to produce organic alfalfa is higher that non-organic alfalfa. If this wasn’t enough, the drought experienced in Central Valley a few years ago raised the prices even higher. This forced some small organic cattle farms (locally and nationally) to close their doors a few years ago. The organic industry is a multibillion dollar industry that is expected to compound 14 percent in the next three years (Daniels, 2014). This industry only compounded by nine percent in 2011(Smith, 2012). This prompts one to wonder what caused this to rise in consumption of organic products. In comes the media. The media is a powerful tool that has helped dictate the choices most people make since America’s first social media president, John F Kennedy. There is a good reason that most people that...
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...Chapter -1 INTRODUCTION 1211536, 1211543 | A study on Indian Economy – Past , Present, Future 1 Introduction to area of study India has come a long way in terms of economic growth. There is broad consensus that the global centre of economic growth is moving to Asia, and as a large emerging nation with a growing middle class, India has captured the attention of developed economies looking for new investment and trade opportunities. The Softer indicators of economy – aspirations, health, and literacy – are all registering discernible improvements. Over two decades, India has implemented wide-ranging reforms that opened up the economy, dismantled the old licensing system and introduced competition into a number of sectors that had previously been dominated by public monopolies. Now, we live in a generation of relative abundance. While for the Western world it is going to be a demographic winter, we in India with some effort should be reaping a demo- graphic dividend. It is an India full of goodies –better consumption and lifestyle are in attendance all around. From the past two decades, we saw the twists in its growth and also twist in political atmosphere. With 27 per cent of the economy stagnant, it is no surprise that overall growth in India has slipped below 6 per cent. We are referring to the industrial sector, which has recorded an insipid 0.4 per cent growth in the first five months of this fiscal year beginning April 2013. It needs no emphasis that without a turnaround...
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...Have English and French as their two main languages make Cameroon unique in Africa. Although the government support Cameroon to known both languages, French speaking is approximately eighty percent of the population. Cameroon's English-speaking people are in the west, near the Nigerian border (Cameroon Country Review, 2012). Cameroon has a population of 22 million people. The city population is 44 percent of the total population with the remaining population lives in the rural areas. In Cameroon, there are about 250 different ethnic groups. The largest of the ethnic group is the Beamlike in the west part of Cameroon. The next largest is the Fulani/Kiri in the north part of the country. (Cameroon Country Review, 2012)The male is higher than the female literacy by eighteen percent. The life expectancy at birth is fifty-three years old. The infant death rate is 64.57 deaths per one thousand live births (Cameroon Country Review, 2012) Decision to...
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...Antibiotics: Not Always the Answer It was flu season. Almost everyone was getting sick. For a few days, my throat felt constricted, making it hard for me to swallow down food. Thinking that it was a cold, I ignored it and went on with my daily schedule. Two weeks passed, there was no change. I never really thought about looking at my throat to see what was going on, but once I looked, my tonsils were the size of golf balls. I went straight to my doctor, hoping it wasn't tonsillitis. The first thing we had to figure out was to see if this was a bacterial or viral infection. My tests results for strep throat, mononucleosis, tonsillitis, and blood samples to test for bacterial infection were all negative. My doctor reported that my results indicated that I had some sort of virus, and did not prescribe me antibiotics, raising questions for why I shouldn't be taking antibiotics for my infection. Since Alexander Fleming's discovery of them in 1927, antibiotics have played a profound role in ridding the population of bacterial infections. Antibiotics are chemicals that work to kill disease-causing, single-cell living organisms called bacteria ("The Danger of Antibiotic Overuse"). Bacteria can surpass our immune system, reproduce, and cause diseases or infection by producing chemicals that damage our bodies ("What Are Antibiotics? How Do Antibiotics Work?"). For instance, bacteria can invade our inner ear and cause a bacterial ear infection. Our immune system works to fight the...
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...ANALYSIS OF BIOLOGICAL ASSETS VALUATION WITH FAIR VALUE ACCOUNTING AND HISTORICAL COST ACCOUNTING METHOD IN PLANTATION SUBSECTOR OF INDONESIAN AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY IN THE PERIOD OF 2007-2012 Karina Putri Ramadhani1 and Indra Pratama2 1 Thesis Writer, Swiss German University 2 Thesis Advisor, Swiss German University Abstract The analysis of biological assets valuation with fair value accounting and historical cost accounting method in plantation subsector of Indonesian agricultural industry, in the period of 2007-2012, tries to evaluate the relevance of historical cost towards the fair value of biological assets. It also tries to look for empirical evidence on the differences in calculations on biological assets between FVA and HCA toward company’s EBIT, net income, and potential tax liabilities. The research tests 5 companies within the plantation subsector in agricultural industry listed in Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). This study shows that there is a strong correlation between all variables tested. Among all statistical tests conducted, all hypotheses are rejected. This study concludes that the historical value of biological assets does not represent its real fair market value, or irrelevant. Also, the change in biological assets valuation from historical cost to fair value accounting would significantly affect the company’s EBIT, tax expense, and net income. Keywords: Fair Value, Historical Cost, Agricultural Industry, Plantation, Fair Market, EBIT, Tax Expenses, Net Income...
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