...Problem 1) Look at the scatterplot below. Does it demonstrate a positive or negative correlation? Why? Are there any outliers? What are they? [pic] The scatterplot is an example of a positive correlation, the outlier in the scatterplot is 6.00. A ; “Outliners are a set of data, a value so far removed from other values in the distribution that its presence cannot be attributed to the random combination of chance causes” (http://www.statcan.gc.ca/,2013)scatterplot is considered positive when the point runs from the lower left to the upper right such as the circles shown on the example. Problem 2) Look at the scatterplot below. Does it demonstrate a positive or negative correlation? Why? Are there any outliers? What are they? [pic] The scatter plot is the opposite of example one, it is actually a negative correlation because the points run from the upper left to the lower right. As with example one there is an outer liner which is 6.00 as well, it does not fall within line with the other points. Problem 3) The following data come from your book, problem 26 on page 298. Here is the data: Mean daily calories Infant Mortality Rate (per 1,000 births) 1523 154 3495 6 1941 114 2678 24 1610 107 3443 6 1640 153 3362 7 3429 44 2671 7 For the above data construct a scatterplot using SPSS or Excel (Follow instructions on page 324 of your textbook). What does the scatterplot...
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...Using Correlation Analysis What is the purpose of using correlation analysis? How might correlation analysis be used in business decisions or in strategy formulation and implementation? Provide an example Correlation is a synonym that describes how someone or something is similar. It can also be used to illustrate instances of similarity among situations, people, or things that are otherwise different in nature to the other situations, people, or things. Businesses can effectively use correlation analysis to determine what common factors impact undesirable outcomes so that the managers are able to make changes, and the process also helps in determining the factors that impact desirable outcomes so that managers can take note of what to continue doing. Correlation analysis basically allows those evaluating various aspects of the business to make connections by analyzing cause and effect of various outcomes. It can be used in business decisions or in strategy formulation and implementation if a business were to use it effectively.Take an example of a small business. that determined that, over the course of the last six years, the business' revenue shot up over 40% each year when the business invested in professional, targeted marketing services versus the other three years in which the business lost money or broke even when the business owner whose skill set is in construction took on the task of building the company's marketing campaign by experimenting and using new...
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...Chapter Seven Problem 1) Look at the scatter plot below. Does it demonstrate a positive or negative correlation? Why? Are there any outliers? What are they? Answer: This scatter plot demonstrates a positive correlation because the values of Y increase with the increasing values of X with the correlation becoming stronger forming a positive slope. Yes there is an outlier. The second to the last data element is an outlier because it stands out from the rest of the data elements. Problem 2) Look at the scatter plot below. Does it demonstrate a positive or negative correlation? Why? Are there any outliers? What are they? Answer: This scatter plot demonstrates a negative correlation because the values of Y decrease with the decreasing values of X with the correlation becoming weaker forming a negative slope. Yes there is an outlier. The second to the last data element is an outlier because it stands out from the rest of the data elements. Problem 3) The following data come from your book, problem 26 on page 247. Here is the data: Mean daily calories Infant Mortality Rate (per 1,000 births) 1523 154 3495 6 1941 114 2678 24 1610 107 3443 6 1640 153 3362 7 3429 44 2671 7 a) For the above data construct a scatter plot using SPSS or Excel (Follow instructions on page 244 of your textbook). What does the scatter plot show? ...
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...never”. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the scale in the present study is 0.93. A subscale of Ryff’s Scale of Psychological Well-Being entitled Positive Relations with Others was employed (Ryff, 1989), using a six-point Likert scale (0 = totally disagree, 5 = totally agree). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the scale in the present study is 0.83. A demographic data sheet was used to obtain information about gender, age, education,...
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...* . Definition of correlation• Correlational research determines to what degree a relationship exists between 2 variables (or more variables). * 3. The nature of correlational research • Associational research: When the relationships among two or more variables are studied without any attempt to influence them. (The same as correlation and causal comparative research). • Experimental research: Differs from correlational research in that there’s manipulation of variables. * 4. The nature of correlational research • Correlational research is also sometimes referred to as a form of descriptive research because it describes an existing relationship between variables. * 5. The nature of correlational research • Positive correlation means that high scores on one variable (X) tend to be associated with high scores on the other variable (Y). • Negative Correlation means that high scores on one variable (X) are associated with low scores on the other variable (Y). * 6. Three Sets of Data ShowingDifferent Directions and Degrees of Correlation (A) (B) (C) r = +1.00 r = -1.00 r=0 X Y X Y X Y 5 5 5 1 2 1 4 4 4 2 5 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 4 1 5 1 1 1 5 4 2 * 7. A positive correlation y x * 8. A negative correlation y x * 9. No correlationy x * 10. No correlationy x * 11. Purposes of Correlational Research• Correlational studies are carried out to explain important human behavior or to predict likely outcomes. (identify relationships among variables).1. Explanatory...
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...Business Statistics Topic: Correlation and Regression Recommended Readings: Lind D.A., Marchal W.G., and Wathen S.A. (2012), Statistical Techniques in Business and Economics, 15th International Ed., McGraw Hill [Chapter 13] Earlier edts are also suitable. Waters, D., (2008) Quantitative Methods for Business,4th Ed., Financial Times, Prentice Hall [Chapter 9] When we look at interval or ratio scale variables there is often a relationship, eg: price and quantity demanded; time spent studying and exam results obtained; gardai (police) on duty and number of crimes as well as alcohol consumed and sensibility! Regression and correlation analysis is useful because it allows us predict the value of one variable from the knowledge of another. The said relationship can be positive or negative. One first step in establishing if any of these relationships exist is to draw a scatter graph. A Scatter plot or diagram is a chart that portrays the relationship between the two variables. It is the usual first step in correlation analysis * The Dependent variable is the variable being predicted or estimated. * The Independent variable provides the basis for estimation. It is the predictor variable. Correlation Analysis From a scatter plot we have a first picture of the data. The next step is to calculate a measure which can assess the strength of that relationship. The correlation coefficient r which represents correlation in a sample is calculated as: r =...
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...Linear Regression and Correlation Chapter 13 McGraw-Hill/Irwin ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2008 GOALS Understand and interpret the terms dependent and independent variable. Calculate and interpret the coefficient of correlation, the coefficient of determination, and the standard error of estimate. Conduct a test of hypothesis to determine whether the coefficient of correlation in the population is zero. Calculate the least squares regression line. Construct and interpret confidence and prediction intervals for the dependent variable. 2 Regression Analysis - Introduction Recall in Chapter 4 the idea of showing the relationship between two variables with a scatter diagram was introduced. In that case we showed that, as the age of the buyer increased, the amount spent for the vehicle also increased. In this chapter we carry this idea further. Numerical measures to express the strength of relationship between two variables are developed. In addition, an equation is used to express the relationship. between variables, allowing us to estimate one variable on the basis of another. 3 Regression Analysis - Uses Some examples. Is there a relationship between the amount Healthtex spends per month on advertising and its sales in the month? Can we base an estimate of the cost to heat a home in January on the number of square feet in the home? Is there a relationship between the miles per gallon achieved by large...
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...The conclusions reached in this data analysis will be for the entire population of full time professors at this one unnamed college. The data set contains 255 observations and five variables. The variables are discipline of the professor as theoretical or applied, years of service, years of service since obtaining a PHD, gender, and salary. There is a mix of categorical and quantitative variables to allow for in-depth statistical analysis. The objective of performing data analysis on a population of professor salaries at one college will be to learn any salary discrepancies between the males and females. The following statistical analyses will be performed: * Compare the proportion of males to females in the population * Compare the mean and median salaries for males and females * Compare the distribution of salaries for males and females * Determine if equitable salaries between males and females, and * Determine if there is an association between years of service and salary level for the population, males, and females. We will use basic statistical methods to perform the above analyses, which include frequency tables, histograms, boxplots, and scatterplots. We first calculated the proportion of males to females in the population and created a frequency table to display the results. For this calculation we are only using one categorical variable: gender. The proportion of males in the population can be found using the...
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...a positive or negative correlation? Why? Is there any outliers? What are they? Problem 2) Look at the scatterplot below. Does it demonstrate a positive or negative correlation? Why? Is there any outliers? What are they? Problem 3) The following data come from your book, problem 26 on page 247. Here is the data: Mean daily calories Infant Mortality Rate (per 1,000 births) 1523 154 3495 6 1941 114 2678 24 1610 107 3443 6 1640 153 3362 7 3429 44 2671 7 a) For the above data construct a scatterplot using SPSS or Excel (Follow instructions on page 244 of your textbook). What does the scatterplot show? Can you determine a type of relationship? Are there any outliers that you can see? b) Using the same data conduct a correlation analysis using SPSS or Excel. What is the correlation coefficient? Is it a strong, moderate or weak correlation? Is the correlation significant or not? If it is what does that mean? Problem 4) Bill is doing a project for you in the marketing department. In conducting his analysis regarding consumer behavior and a new product that has come out, he tells you the correlation between these two variables is 1.09. What is your response to this analysis? Problem 5) Judy has conducted an analysis for her supervisor. The results she obtained was a correlation coefficient that was negative...
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...This question also is good due to being concise, clear, and accurately encompassing the construct of neuroticism, based on the definition provided. It is situational, but not vague or left up to interpretation. 2. The following table shows correlations of each of the 15 items with the total score of USF Neuroticism scale. Based on item-total correlations, please identify which item(s) you think should be deleted and explain why. (Please review your Item Analysis slides to complete this section correctly) Regarding item-total correlation, item 1 and 5 should be deleted. A positive correlation indicates that the item discriminates well between high and low scoring groups, which is the ideal. A negatively correlated item indicates that it does not discriminate well between high and low scoring groups. Items with a correlation of above 0.30 are considered acceptable. Both item 1 and 5 are below 0.30. They do not do a good job at measuring the construct which is why these correlations are so low. USF Neuroticism...
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...* . Definition of correlation• Correlational research determines to what degree a relationship exists between 2 variables (or more variables). * 3. The nature of correlational research • Associational research: When the relationships among two or more variables are studied without any attempt to influence them. (The same as correlation and causal comparative research). • Experimental research: Differs from correlational research in that there’s manipulation of variables. * 4. The nature of correlational research • Correlational research is also sometimes referred to as a form of descriptive research because it describes an existing relationship between variables. * 5. The nature of correlational research • Positive correlation means that high scores on one variable (X) tend to be associated with high scores on the other variable (Y). • Negative Correlation means that high scores on one variable (X) are associated with low scores on the other variable (Y). * 6. Three Sets of Data ShowingDifferent Directions and Degrees of Correlation (A) (B) (C) r = +1.00 r = -1.00 r=0 X Y X Y X Y 5 5 5 1 2 1 4 4 4 2 5 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 4 1 5 1 1 1 5 4 2 * 7. A positive correlation y x * 8. A negative correlation y x * 9. No correlationy x * 10. No correlationy x * 11. Purposes of Correlational Research• Correlational studies are carried out to explain important human behavior or to predict likely outcomes. (identify relationships among variables).1. Explanatory...
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...Factor Analysis - SPSS( [pic] • First Read Principal Components Analysis. The methods we have employed so far attempt to repackage all of the variance in the p variables into principal components. We may wish to restrict our analysis to variance that is common among variables. That is, when repackaging the variables’ variance we may wish not to redistribute variance that is unique to any one variable. This is Common Factor Analysis. A common factor is an abstraction, a hypothetical dimension that affects at least two of the variables. We assume that there is also one unique factor for each variable, a factor that affects that variable but does not affect any other variables. We assume that the p unique factors are uncorrelated with one another and with the common factors. It is the variance due to these unique factors that we shall exclude from our FA. Iterated Principal Factors Analysis The most common sort of FA is principal axis FA, also known as principal factor analysis. This analysis proceeds very much like that for a PCA. We eliminate the variance due to unique factors by replacing the 1’s on the main diagonal of the correlation matrix with estimates of the variables’ communalities. Recall that a variable’s communality, its SSL across components or factors, is the amount of the variable’s variance that is accounted for by the components or factors. Since our factors will be common factors, a variable’s communality will be the amount of its variance...
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...STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Statistical is an explanation type in social science trough credible causal mechanisms such as quantitative reasoning, statistical analysis and comparative, and statistic explanation et cetera. Basic of statistical explanation, there are two points which are understanding of concept and second is questions. In terms of statistical analysis, researcher needs the collection, summarization, manipulation, and interpretation of quantitative data to discover its underlying causes, patterns relationships and trends. In the quantitative reasoning in social science, the data set is involved into the structure. Data which involve might be a time-series data set for study to a time sequence or complex data which researcher has to extract from it. Beside, the null hypothesis is used as a tool for a condition which is different from the absolute probability of the event by using for considering to economic growth and political stability. Strength Weakness Enables the research and description of social structures and processes that are not directly observable. -Simplifies and ”compresses” the complex reality: abstract and constrained perspective Well-suited for quantitative description, comparisons between groups, areas etc. - Only applicable for measurable (quantifiable) phenomena Analysis and explanation of (causal) dependencies between social phenomena. -Only applicable for measurable (quantifiable) phenomena. -Presumes relatively extensive knowledge on the subject...
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...Cluster Analysis & Factor Analysis 325-711 Research Methods 2007 Lecturer: Jeromy Anglim “Of particular concern is the fairly routine use of a variation of exploratory factor analysis wherein the researcher uses principal components analysis (PCA), retains components with eigenvalues greater than 1 and uses varimax rotation, a bundle of procedures affectionately termed “Little Jiffy” …” Preacher, K. J., MacCallum, R. C. (2003). Repairing Tom Swift's Electric Factor Analysis Machine. Understanding Statistics, 2(1), 13-43. DECRIPTION: This session will first introduce students to factor analysis techniques including common factor analysis and principal components analysis. A factor analysis is a data reduction technique to summarize a number of original variables into a smaller set of composite dimensions, or factors. It is an important step in scale development and can be used to demonstrate construct validity of scale items. We will then move onto cluster analysis techniques. Cluster analysis groups individuals or objects into clusters so that objects in the same cluster are homogeneous and there is heterogeneity across clusters. This technique is often used to segment the data into similar, natural, groupings. For both analytical techniques, a focus will be on when to use the analytical technique, making reasoned decisions about options within each technique, and how to interpret the SPSS output. Slide 2 Overview • Factor Analysis & Principal Components Analysis • Cluster...
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...Independent University, Bangladesh A Research Proposal on Factors Influencing the Adoption of Internet Banking Prepared By Shawkat Zaman ID: 1130260 An Internship Report Presented In Partial Fulfillment Of The Requirements of the Degree Bachelor of Business Administration INDEPENDENT UNIVERSITY, BANGLADESH JANUARY 2015 A Research Proposal on Factors Influencing the Adoption of Internet Banking Prepared By Shawkat Zaman ID: 1130260 Has been approved January 2015 _______________ Mr. Parvez Ahmed Sharif Lecturer School of Business Independent University, Bangladesh Letter of Transmittal Mr. Parvez Ahmed Sharif Department of MIS Faculty of Business Studies Independent University, Bangladesh. Subject: Letter regarding submission of Internship Report on Factors Influencing the Adoption of Internet Banking. Dear Sir, Here is the report on “Factors Influencing the Adoption of Internet Banking” you asked me to conduct on the beginning of the Internship. In this assignment, I have tried to focus some key aspects of Internet Banking Services. While preparing this report, I tried my level best to follow your instructions and the instructions that have given to me by my organization supervisor. I appreciate having this assignment. I prepared this assignment with sincerity and serious effort. Thank you for providing me the opportunity to prepare this. I am really grateful to you for giving me the scope to prepare this report...
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