...The Whooping Cough: A Rising Epidemic Zion Apple July 16th, 2015 Course #498 Capstone The Whooping Cough: A Rising Epidemic Zion Apple July 16th, 2015 Course #498 Capstone Abstract This research paper informs you about the disease pertussis or whooping cough as others may call it. This disease has been around for a very long time and even though there has been a vaccine for over 50 years, this disease seems to still be a problem. Experts are always working around the clock to find new and improved vaccines to rid the world of the pertussis bacteria. In the first section of the text the author will describe the history of the bacteria that cause the whooping cough and exactly what it is comprised of and the toxins that it carries which make the bacteria so deadly and hard to figure out and treat. The signs and symptoms of this disease are very similar to those of the common cold so many people often mistake it as such and do not seek medical advice until it is too late. The second portion of the text is going to tell you about the recent and past trends of the disease in the United States. The numbers are unpredictable and no one can seem to put a finger on the actual reason why this is, there are a few opinions however. There are a few new vaccines that have been introduced to the world and the hopes are that they will be as helpful as the old vaccine that was given over 50 years ago. “Whooping cough affects approximately 48.5 million people every year, of...
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...WHOOPING COUGH Pertussis/Whooping Cough Mary Beth Gibson Ashford University August 27, 2012 Instructor Kristin Akerele What is pertussis? What describe the epidemiology of pertussis? Who provides services to patients with pertussis? The Government mandates we have policies and procedures in place? Identify barriers that might make it difficult for treatment or patients to access services needed? Communication sometimes causes challenges for the public. In order to maintain our safety we should have strategies for communication to follow. The federal government makes sure the states and local levels are following protocol. What is pertussis, commonly known as “whooping cough”? Whooping cough is an infection of the respiratory system causes by bacterium bordetella pertussis. Pertussis is characterized by severe coughing spell, which makes a “whooping” sound when you breathe. Pertussis usually affects infants younger than 6 months old that are not adequately protected by immunizations. It also affects youth 11 to 18 years old, because their immunity is starting to fade. Some of the first symptoms of whooping cough are similar to common cold, such as runny nose, mild cough, and low grade fever and sneezing. “After about 1 to 2 weeks, the dry, irritating cough evolves into coughing spells. During a coughing spell, which can last for more than a minute, the child may turn red or purple. At the end of a spell, the child may make a characteristic whooping sound when breathing...
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...Hello everyone, today I'm here to tell you the importance of vaccination. But before I get straight into point, I want to talk about what I have seen when I was searching for the information on the Internet. I found a website so-called “Australia vaccination network” (which are actually anti-vaccine). They’ve got Facebook page, they’ve got Twitter, and they throw myths and untruths about immunisation. Their targeted group are parents who naturally concerned for their children’s wellbeing. I understand that parents feel more pain when they hold their baby and watching them get jab, but I think parents who are refusing to get their children immunised should reconsider before making the choice for their baby. After all, they are challenging the expert medical consensus of the World Health Organisation, governments at all levels and the Australian Medical Association. Vaccines are one of the most significant advances in modern-day medicine. It’s not just about to prevent the pesky flu from us, but to save countless lives of people. A kid born in Australia today can expect to live as long as the richest man in the world who did 100 years ago. Why is that? This in large part is due to the availability of clean water, sanitation and immunisation. Before the first vaccine was invented, smallpox was definitely a nightmare in this planet. It was responsible for billion of people’s deaths, it even reshaped demography of the globe in a way that no war ever has. It’s gone, it’s vanished...
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...Vaccinations and immunizations are very important to the general population; including infants, children, adults, and elders. A vaccine is a substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies to provide immunity to one or more than one disease. Receiving vaccines at a pharmacy should be offered at a pharmacy because they can cave your child’s life, they are safe and effective, and they protect the people you love and care about, and can save your family time and money. Lots of pharmacists offer vaccinations at the pharmacy and the different kinds of vaccinations offered are steadily increasing. Some of the vaccinations at local pharmacies include but are not limited to: Influenza, Tetanus, Whooping Cough, Pneumonia, Varicella, HPV, Hepatitis...
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...DNP,FNP, Beckstrand, RN, PhD, CCRN, CNE, Callister, RN, PhD, FAAN, & Cahoon, SN, 2012). While many people fear that immunizations can have harmful side effects such as developmental delays in children or that the government and pharmaceutical companies are profiting from the sale of immunizations, parents who choose to not immunize their children are putting the general public at risk. We must act now to encourage parents to vaccinate in order to prevent widespread outbreaks of once deadly diseases. Personal Beliefs There are currently 20 states that allow vaccine exemption based on parents’ personal beliefs, and this is becoming increasingly prevalent. Parents’ personal decisions to exempt their children from receiving vaccinations often stems from a false sense of security that if everyone else is vaccinated, they should not risk the side effects when their children are healthy. These parents are often unknowingly contributing to potentially serious health and economic consequences. If enough parents in a community refuse to vaccinate their children, an infectious disease can spread quickly among us and threaten all unvaccinated children, vaccinated adults with weakened immune...
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...surrounding the morality, effectiveness, and safety of childhood immunizations. The major argument is whether or not laws should be established to declare vaccination mandatory for all children. “The US food and Drug administration (FDA) regulates all vaccines to ensure safety and effectiveness,” (ProCon.org, 2012) therefor there should not be any reason to risk the health of any child. Vaccinating our children not only ensures their safety but also that of their future to come. The first major concern parents have when it comes to childhood vaccinations is that of the health and safety of their children. Some parents believe that vaccines were developed to help the spread against dangerous transmittable diseases. Other parents are under the impression that vaccines themselves present high risk factors for their children. Both have strong arguing points in this controversy and have good reason to believe in what they do. Proponents argue and the facts clearly show that since the emergence of vaccines in the twentieth century for common life threatening diseases, such as measles and diphtheria, the related number of deaths has decreased by more than 500%. On the other side, opponents argue that childhood vaccines are responsible for the dramatic increase of autoimmune diseases. Many proponents argue that childhood vaccination is vital and should be a state requirement not a parental option. They feel that vaccines are a necessity that should be required for the safety and...
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...Pertussis, also known as whooping cough is an extremely contagious respiratory tract infection. It is commonly noted by a severe hacking cough directly followed by a high-pitched intake of air that sounds like a “whoop”. Many years before a vaccine was made, pertussis was considered a deadly childhood disease. Today, pertussis generally affects children who are too young to have fully completed a full course of vaccinations; however, in recent years, (2012) the United States reported nearly 50,000 cases of pertussis which accounted for the most cases since 1955. Symptoms Once infection sets in, it can take seven to ten days for signs and symptom to appear. It can even take a little longer. At first one can expect: •Runny Nose •Nasal...
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...Whooping cough, also known as pertussis, is a serious infection that spreads easily from person to person. The infection causes coughing spells so severe that it can be hard to breathe, eat, or sleep. Pertussis can lead to pneumonia or hospitalization. Although whooping cough can make adults very sick, another big concern is that adults are the most common source of infection in babies, who are at the highest risk of dying from it. A. Mentally and emotionally: • Pertussis can cause considerable amount of distress to both child and adult. • Adults fear they are the sole cause of their child being sick with pertussis. • Pertussis can cause regression and loss of developmental milestones, leading to negative changes in mental and emotional health. • Parents have a fear for the life and health of their child with sever pertussis due to its ability to cause death. Speaker Notes--Untreated, adults can act as a reservoir for pertussis disease and infect younger children—where the disease can be fatal, especially in infants younger than 1 year old. Adults 65 and older who anticipate having close contact with an infant (e.g., grandparents, child-care providers, and health-care practitioners) should receive a single dose of T-dap to protect against pertussis and reduce the likelihood of transmission (CDC, 2011). B. Physically • One of the major symptoms of Pertussis is Uncontrollable cough. • Pertussis can cause thick mucus to develop in the lungs and clog air passages...
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...pamphlet, the mother had a newborn infant exactly two months old. She gave birth to her second baby girl on September 5, 2015. The mother was very receptive to the information. She had stated this was something new to her with this pregnancy and found it very scary. She was not certain if she should receive the Dtap vaccination for pertussis prevention, but had a very supportive and trusting relationship with her doctor. The mother did receive her vaccination, as recommended, and stated she is aware of some other parents who chose not to have the vaccination due to warnings of risks associated vaccinations. The mother stated she was aware that whooping cough was an issue in the Ventura County area, and wanted to make sure her daughter was protected. With her medical support background, and many friends in the medical field, she stated she understood the benefits of breastfeeding in providing her daughter with antibody protection. In reviewing the pamphlet with her, she appreciated seeing the statistics associated with the risk of not having the vaccination. The mother was definitely glad of her decision. She is aware of some known recent whooping cough cases and feels her daughter is safe from this disease because of her choices. My impression of the mother is she was very proactive and...
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...Unvaccinated Children: Should they be allowed in public schools? Assignment 5: Persuasive Paper Part 3: Possible Disadvantages, Answers, with VisualsYour Name Lisa Teitler Eng 215 March 13, 2016 Unvaccinated Children: Should they be allowed in public schools? Today’s vaccinations are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in order to ensure their effectiveness and safety to the general public. Currently there are no federal laws which mandates vaccination, but there is a vaccination requirement per state for children entering school. The chart below details which vaccines are mandated for public school by several states: Children who are not vaccinated have a greater chance of death than children who received the required vaccinations. The safety of vaccinations is in questioned by many, asking if they are safe for children to receive. They are safe and should be required for children since those vaccinations help prevent illnesses, lower the risk for some diseases and it might even cause financial growth. There are several advantages of receiving the recommended vaccines. One advantage is that they are designed to put foreign antigens into the body so the body will produce antibodies to fight it off. The body will produce two types of immune responses when an antigen is introduced in order to ensure total immunity from the disease. Vaccines ensure that children get immunity from diseases instead of contracting them. Having immunity is a major advantage...
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...a child. But some vaccines require a booster if you want to remain protected. Protection may not be life-long for diseases like pertussis (whooping cough) or tetanus, which is usually given with the diphtheria toxoid. The CDC recommends a booster for the latter every 10 years after an initial childhood series. 2. Getting vaccines helps protect kids -- especially babies too young for vaccines. Whooping cough vaccines are recommended for pregnant women (preferably between 27 and 36 weeks' gestation) and people who have contact with young babies. The same is true for the flu vaccine. There’s no flu vaccine licensed for infants younger than 6 months old. “We call that creating a cocoon of protection around the baby.”. 3. Some vaccines are just for adults. The shingles vaccine is a good example. Shingles (also known as herpes zoster or zoster) is caused by a reactivation of the chickenpox virus. It can cause a severe and painful skin rash. The risk for shingles increases as a person ages. The vaccine is recommended for adults 60 and older. 4. You may need them when you travel. Headed to the developing world? You may run into illnesses you’d never find at home. The yellow fever vaccination is required for travel to parts of sub-Saharan Africa and tropical South America. The Saudi Arabian government also requires the meningococcal vaccination -- but only for travel during the hajj, or annual pilgrimage to Mecca. You can check the CDC's web site for details about what you may need...
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...Most people know that thanks to immunization through vaccination some diseases like smallpox or polio have been eradicated in the world or like whooping cough, measles and mumps have been eradicated in the United States since in most cases a vaccine provides protection for the rest of their lives, but nowadays these diseases that were eradicated in the US are coming back because some parents are skipping their children’s shots. This video shows how parents are afraid of what vaccines can do to their kids. In the video a mom says, “You are injecting a substance into your child, so I think it's very natural to wonder whether that substance might actually be doing harm.” And I agree with her, parents should know what substance is being injected...
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...HOOKANA MSN, PMHCS FEDERAL, LOCAL, AND NON-GOVERNMENT WEBSITE REVIEW Vaccinations are a vital component for public health. Vaccinations prevent the effects of infectious disease such as pertussis. Pertussis or whooping cough is a highly contagious bacteria spread by coughs and sneezes. Small droplets containing the bacteria are transmitted through airborne methods, which cause the disease to be spread from person to person. In this website, review will inform and provide information over different aspects of government and non-government functions. The federal, local, and non-governmental agencies websites provide similar and different information. These different agencies have different structures. The review will discuss these structures. The different agencies provide different and similar structures concerning pertussis. The government and non-government agencies work together in different capacities. These agencies have public and community health purposes and work together in different capacities to provide public health. Information derived from each of the various websites overlap including the definition of pertussis. A fact sheet provides the number of cases reported in a pertussis summary report and questions and answers. Pertussis vaccination information is a major overlap between the various websites. However, the immunity from vaccines wears off over time, but pertussis vaccination rates in adolescence and adults continue to be low reason for the continued...
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...of their vaccinations? Immunizations can save your child’s life. Because of advances in medical science, your child can be protected against more diseases than ever before. Some diseases that once injured or killed thousands of children, have been eliminated completely and others are close to extinction– primarily due to safe and effective vaccines. One example of the great impact that vaccines can have is the elimination of polio in the United States. Polio was once America’s most-feared disease, causing death and paralysis across the country, but today, thanks to vaccination, there are no reports of polio in the United States. Vaccination is very safe and effective. Vaccines are only given to children after a long and careful review by scientists, doctors, and healthcare professionals. Vaccines will involve some discomfort and may cause pain, redness, or tenderness at the site of injection but this is minimal compared to the pain, discomfort, and trauma of the diseases these vaccines prevent. Serious side effects following vaccination, such as severe allergic reaction, are very rare. The disease-prevention benefits of getting vaccines are much greater than the possible side effects for almost all children. Immunization protects others you care about. Children in the U.S. still get vaccine-preventable diseases. In fact, we have seen resurgences of measles and whooping cough (pertussis) over the past few years. In 2010 the U.S. had over 21,000 cases of whooping cough reported...
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...pertussis uses to invade epithelial cells in the lungs? The bacteria, Bordetella pertussis causes cough which becomes serious cough as the bacteria stays in the upper respiratory track and releases toxins which lead to the inflammation. The lungs consist of the Epithelial cell lining which is invaded by this bacteria. There are two stages for this disease the first stage is the colonization of the bacteria in the upper respiratory track. And the second stage is known as toxemic stage. During the first stage fever, cough is observed and during the toxemic stage there will be prolonged cough. We need to identify in the first stage itself as the medication will be working but the medication will not be working in the second stage. Why does this Gram-negative bacteria cause the characteristic cough that it does? Dry cough and sore throat are the common symptoms which are seen with Gram- negative bacteria. Cough lasts for almost 7-10 days. The Gram negative bacteria enters in to the respiratory track and involves in production of mucous and this results in the excess mucous production due to which cough effects the patient. Respiratory track is blocked by this mucous which leads to the breathing hard and whopping sound is also observed while coughing. Why is infant mortality high? All age groups might be affected with the disease; infants are at the high risk. As vaccination is not done infant mortality rate is high. Booster vaccines must be taken as immunity is decreased...
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