...that we drive. Improvements in technology have contributed substantially to increased productivity in U.S. industry. Yet in recent years, political pressures to balance the federal budget have eroded the proportion of the budget devoted to basic research, the underpinning of scientific and technological advances. Scientists have understood the potentially debilitating consequences of this, but many citizens have not. President Clinton's budget for fiscal 1999 would begin to reverse this trend, if Congress accepts his proposals, but our information media still need to do a much better job of helping scientists communicate the substance and importance of their work. As visiting scholars at the Freedom Forum's First Amendment Center at Vanderbilt University, we conducted a survey of 2,000 journalists and editors and 2,000 scientists and engineers to determine how the two groups felt about each other. We also wanted to find ways to improve their relationship and thus increase the amount of accurate and useful scientific information in the media. The results of the survey, published in our recent report, "Worlds Apart," showed that neither scientists nor journalists think the media do a good job of explaining science to the public. We asked both groups to rate how effectively the major media communicate scientific news. Both groups gave national newspapers such as The New York Times and The Washington Post the best ranking, but neither group considered any of the media to be doing...
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...based off of three men, Rockefeller, Vanderbilt, and Carnegie, each played a very important role in making America what it is today. Rockefeller made a monopoly off of standard oil. Vanderbilt made a monopoly of the railroad system in America while Carnegie made a monopoly from steel. The men had many accomplishments throughout their lives. John D. Rockefeller was born on July 8, 1839 and was an American industrialist and philanthropist. He founded Standard Oil which dominated the oil industry and became the first great U.S. business trust. Standard Oil began as an Ohio partnership formed by John D. Rockefeller, his brother William Rockefeller, Henry Flagler, Jabez Bostwick, chemistSamuel Andrews, and a silent partner, Stephen V. Harkness. Adjusting for inflation, he is often regarded as the richest person in history. Rockefeller spent the last 40 years of his life in retirement. His fortune was mainly used to create the modern systematic approach of targeted philanthropy. He was able to do this through the creation of foundations that had a major effect on medicine, education, and scientific research. When he died on May 23, 1937 he left his son John D. Rockefeller Jr. was entrusted with the supervisions of the foundations. Cornelius Vanderbilt was born on May 27, 1794 and was also an American industrialist and philanthropist. Vanderbilt made his fortune in the shipping and railroads industry. He was also the patriarch of the Vanderbilt family and one of the richest Americans...
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...Robber Barons played a huge role in westward expansion as well as the connection between the eastern and western parts of the United States. Names such as Cornelius Vanderbilt, James Hill, and Edward Harriman were all railroad tycoons who shaped the way America transported goods, as well as themselves. After the civil war America entered a second industrial revolution, where capitalism grew, and business tycoons took advantage of poverty and dependence from the American public. These Business tycoons, also known as Robber Barons, were able to take advantage of the way the country was and make money off it. In the late 1800s, wealthy industrialists controlled much of America’s wealth. Many of these "Robber Barons" took advantage of post-Civil...
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...Cornelius Vanderbilt was a very tough and competitive man that began off of one simple ferry boat which soon became a large fleet of ships that transported goods and passengers all around the country, earning the nickname “Commodore”. Once Vanderbilt realised that railroads would be the next big thing for travel and shipping, he decided to sell every last one of his ships and invest all of his earnings into creating the largest railroad industry the world has yet to see. After losing his son during the Civil War, he gave his other son William Vanderbilt, the title of Operations Director for the Hudson railroad which led negotiations with his competitions. Vanderbilt owned the Albany bridge which was the only bridge that lead into the city of...
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...The famous robber barons of the late eighteenth century, early nineteenth century were ruthless businessmen. Our group researched some of these famous barons. We researched Vanderbilt, Morgan, Carnegie, Rockefeller, and Duke. After researching each one the team decided which having a museum created in their memory and honor should honor one. Cornelius Vanderbilt was crude and ungenerous man that always got his revenge. Although he played a large role in the industrial revolution and created many jobs, by the end of his life he had only give away $1 million dollars to Nashville’s Vanderbilt University. During the Civil War he also donated his largest and fastest steamship, named the Vanderbilt and built for around $1 million, to the Union Navy. The vessel was used to chase down Confederate raiders. Andrew Carnegie was picked over Mr. Vanderbilt because Carnegie made more contribution to society and organizations. We did not pick J.P. Morgan because all he seemed to be involved with was banking which appeared to be boring to us. We did not find much personal information about Morgan and while he did give, he did not give much. The only interesting information we could find about Rockefeller is that he owned the Standard Oil Company after J.P. Morgan. Other than that, there weren’t many ideas created that...
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...A robber baron is an American capitalist in the 19th century who acquired a fortune by ruthless and sometimes corrupt means. These wealthy businessmen were often owners or associates of monopolies. Even though robber barons were considered evil, the did contribute a lot to the American economy. Robber barons were good for our country because they rose the standard of living, helped with industrialization, and gave some of their money back to society. At that time, there were many big businesses that need a lot of people to work for them. Both Americans and European immigrants worked for the robber barons. There was a multitude of opportunities waiting for them, especially immigrants since they were constantly being sought after and hired...
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...Cornelius Vanderbilt Vanderbilt was born on May 27, 1794 on Port Richmond in Staten Island. Vanderbilt’s father struggled with farming in Staten Island and managing a boat in New York City. Cornelius did not have much of an education, just a little bit. During his childhood he helped his dad and learned to navigate more than he attended school. When Vanderbilt was 16 years old he bought a small vessel to bring people from Staten Island to NYC and vice versa. During the war of 1812 Vanderbilt owned a fleet of schooners and was in charge of the largest one. He became known for his bravery. Vanderbilt never fought in the navy, he just wanted to make some money. In 1818 the competition for steamboats was not as popular so he became a captain for a man named Thomas Gibbons. Gibbons owned a ferry that ran between New...
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...Should media be controlled by the government? I have been living in a community that always struggles to settle this matter, where there is a push and pull between the government and the public in trying to settle the issue, in a way that satisfies everyone. The government has had its share of justifications, where it is always of the idea that it should take up control of media, so has the public who fall towards the opinion of the government, where some say that the governments are right so that they would protect any wrongful acts for things said, whereas others are of the idea that we should be given our own freedom to be able to say anything we want to. In my country, Kuwait the government has assumed control over the media through many censures of magazines, movies and programs aired in television. Though the constitution guarantees for freedom, but only under the confines of the law, it seems contradictory. There are various sources that shed light in this issue of government control in my country. We are going to look at three of them; the world press freedom review, the Amman j blog and the spokesman review. Many newspapers are individually owned, and though this maybe the situation which would allow for any kind of expressions of opinions, the newspapers are restricted to speaking against the government or the Islamic religion to some degree. There is an instance where according to a report, from the world press freedom, that a certain publication was viewed as offering...
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...Ethics of journalism Main article: Journalism ethics and standards The ethics of journalism is one of the most well-defined branches of media ethics, primarily because it is frequently taught in schools of journalism. Journalistic ethics tends to dominate media ethics, sometimes almost to the exclusion of other areas.[1] Topics covered by journalism ethics include: * News manipulation. News can manipulate and be manipulated. Governments and corporations may attempt to manipulate news media; governments, for example, by censorship, and corporations by share ownership. The methods of manipulation are subtle and many. Manipulation may be voluntary or involuntary. Those being manipulated may not be aware of this. See: news propaganda. Photographers crowd around a starlet at the Cannes Film Festival. * Truth. Truth may conflict with many other values. * Public interest. Revelation of military secrets and other sensitive government information may be contrary to thepublic interest, even if it is true. However, public interest is not a term which is easy to define. * Privacy. Salacious details of the lives of public figures is a central content element in many media. Publication is not necessarily justified simply because the information is true. Privacy is also a right, and one which conflicts with free speech. See: paparazzi. * Fantasy. Fantasy is an element of entertainment, which is a legitimate goal of media content. Journalism may mix fantasy and...
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...Everybody all over will be talking about the celebrity death, but I think that the park story is especially important during the summer season. That when a lot of people plan to do things outdoors Most people who are watching the broadcasting when it is aired are already getting ready to turn in to bed and should make a difference as far as ratings go. The city council just voted to close two city parks 3 days a week to save money. A lot of the residents are high upset that the park will be closed on those days. People can’t take their kids for a scroll in the park or even take their dogs for a walk or be able to enjoy family outing like they want to . My role of media is getting my story out to the public via the internet or on television. I will make sure that the significance id immediate news delivery on culture is accurate because most news stories try hard to get stories out to the public first that some of the information is in accurate and mislead the audience and viewers. The social responibites of news media is basically informed the society about what’s happening in today’s society rater local new or world wide news. Ethical and legal considerations in the online world refer to online copy right protection and how people copy‘s other’s work and tries to take credit for it I think that it’s important for security and protection for both parties. Various information delivery methods are E-mail, television, radio internet, or mobile. Some advantageges and dis advantages...
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...Ride to the moon The Islamabad container drama, jointly staged by Dr Tahirul Qadri and the federal government, holds important lessons for all of us, that is, if we are willing to learn. The first is that if those in power are bent upon fooling the nation, they can do so with utmost success and without much challenge — especially, if the fraud is incrusted with bewitching slogans of revolution and democracy. The so-called revolution at core was an attempt to activate a particular type of religious vote bank in the heartland of Punjab that would benefit the Pakistan Muslim League-Q (PML-Q) and the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP), whose fortunes in this politically powerful province are fairly precarious. Since their opponent, the Pakistan Muslim League-N, seems to be drawing on the strength of more hardcore Deobandi and Alh-e-Hadith voters, the softer religious variant, the Barelvis, could be given a cause to rally around the PML-Q-PPP combine. This primarily explains the overflowing enthusiasm of the Q leadership to champion the cause of the Long March Declaration, whose real worth is less than the paper it is typed on. The international backing to this illusory tale of fictional revolution of the people, by the people and for the people, had to be there because a ‘softer mullah’ holds irresistible charm for the policy of promoting (or inserting) winning moderates in the world of Islam. So, it came to be — the four-day long saga, with its dazzling contradictions...
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...Freedom of Speech on the Internet In the United States, many of the values and rights cherished by its citizens are prize dover their own comfort. When there is a situation which those rights are infringed on, it causes an uproar by the citizens which can be heard or read about worldwide. This articles suggestion of possible regulation of Internet marketing advertisements and social networking sites may not be the best answer to that situation (Owen & Humphrey, 2009). This articles use of the same material, although intended to support that point of view, is the very thing that the writer is trying to speak out about. Freedom of Speech Although it is agreed that the content and methods of Internet marketing ads and social media can be damaging to a person’s reputation and in many ways unethical, it is a questionable act to try to regulate that persons or websites ability to say what people want. The truth is that these same unethical acts are seen in the TV and written news media every day. There is no dispute that people and organizations should be held accountable for what is said and done. This, however, is built into the American system. There is already a civil process for a person to hold another accountable for what those people say and do. If an individual is believed to have said or written something untrue about that person, they can be taken to court for compensation based on what people said or wrote. Organizations that use unethical marketing practices also...
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...Freedom of the Press Research Paper Kristine Najar Columbia Southern University Freedom of the press is the right to publish newspapers, magazines, and other printed matter without governmental restriction and subject only to the laws of libel, obscenity, sedition, etc. (Dictionary.com, 2013). Freedom of the press gives the right to circulate opinions in print or on broadcasted radio and television, without censorship by the government. Americans enjoy freedom of the press under the First Amendment to the Constitution. Though we have this right as Americans, we should not abuse it. This paper is an analysis of the problem that we face in our current society in America. I will discuss the history of Freedom of the Press, along with the abuse that we face today from politics to social media. In the United States we pride ourselves on the rights we have. We are the freest country in the world, but with that comes a huge responsibility. Many Americans abuse the free rights others worked so hard to accomplish. Freedom of the Press is just one of those hard-earned rights. Back in the early 18th century, there was a time when newspapers just printed material that was similar to books, pamphlets, and posters. Most of the information in the newspaper from the colonies was reprints of other publications, stories of local interest, literature, advertisements, and opinions (Illinois Press Association Guide to First Amendment and Illinois Access Laws, 1995) Then, the Stamp Act of 1756...
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...The invention of the printing press by Gutenberg in 1450 marked the beginning of what was to become a revolution of knowledge, information, and power around the world. The Church used the press for exactly these reasons, printing thousands of Indulgences to sinners, in an effort no doubt to increase profits, and attendance. Now, nearly 600 years later-the mass media has honed the power of this technology, and become more pervasive than anything humanity has ever encountered. Looking at antiwar movements over the last 60 years, the media has been used to influence the mentality of millions in two very dichotomous ways. Meaning, the media has helped shape public opinion to be either for or against these movements depending on the pressures and demands of the times. Traditionally, print media industry has treated antiwar protestors as if they were disobedient children. In movies such as Across the Universe, protestors are portrayed as young hippies who do not fully understand the rationale and benefits behind war. Often the media presents us with one-sided information that is meant to persuade us to accept a message that we are not familiar. In the case of antiwar protests back in the Vietnam Era, the media while covering the issue equally with government/military administration, often only covered the more colorful aspects of the antiwar movement. While articles have been published about the tendency of the media during this time to be in favor of the antiwar sentiment, many scholars...
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...April 17, 2012 Dear Exceptions Committee, I would like to be accepted into the Communications Program at Wichita State University. I took the G.E.D. test in 1995 and one of my scores did not meet the admissions requirements. I am currently working in the television field. I have worked at two local television stations. I am seeking to expand my knowledge of the television industry in order to further my career. The Communications Program at WSU offers me the best chance of succeeding in a field that I am passionate about. The Broadcast Journalism Program excites me to no avail. I will be able to learn the ins and outs of journalism which includes reporting the news, advanced feature writing, and live television news. The Electronic Media Program will teach me how to edit audio, do studio production, and write for electronic media. This opportunity will allow me to gain valuable hands on experience. The experience and knowledge that I will gain by obtaining a degree in communications will allow me more opportunities to advance in my career field. I also became a father for the first time to identical twin boys four months ago. I would like to have a career that will make them proud of me. I also want to be a good role model for them by inspiring them to pursue their dreams. I write this letter asking the Exceptions Committee to please allow me the opportunity to better myself by accepting me into the Communications Program at Wichita State University. Thank...
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