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Virginia Henderson

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Virginia Henderson, her theory was named a “need theory” and emphasized importance of maintaining independence so that process after being in the hospital would not be delayed. Categorized nursing into 14 components based on needs. * Her definition of nursing was:
"The unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to peaceful death) that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will or knowledge. And to do this in such a way as to help him gain independence as rapidly as possible" (Henderson, 1966).
The 14 components * Breathe normally. Eat and drink adequately. * Eliminate body wastes. * Move and maintain desirable postures. * Sleep and rest. * Select suitable clothes-dress and undress. * Maintain body temperature within normal range by adjusting clothing and modifying environment * Keep the body clean and well groomed and protect the integument * Avoid dangers in the environment and avoid injuring others. * Communicate with others in expressing emotions, needs, fears, or opinions. * Worship according to one’s faith. * Work in such a way that there is a sense of accomplishment. * Play or participate in various forms of recreation. * Learn, discover, or satisfy the curiosity that leads to normal development and health and use the available health facilities.
The first 9 components are physiological. The tenth and fourteenth are psychological aspects of communicating and learning The eleventh component is spiritual and moral The twelfth and thirteenth components are sociologically oriented to occupation and recreation
Henderson's Need Theory emphasizes the importance of patient independence so that the patient will continue to progress after being released from the

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