...Antonio Vivaldi Antonio Vivaldi was one of the leading musicians of the Baroque period. He was a classical composer and musician. Antonio Lucio Vivaldi was born March 4, 1678 in Venice, Italy to Giovanni Battista Vivaldi and Camilla Calicchio. He was the oldest of five children. Giovanni was a barber who later became a professional violinist. It was Antonio’s father who taught him to play the violin and together they toured Venice and were even noted as one of Venice’s main tourist attractions. When Vivaldi was around 14 or 15 he began the study of priesthood; in the 1600s, this was a common way for a poor family to get a free education for their child. Vivaldi was ordained on March 23, 1703 at the age of 25. He was known as the ‘Red Priest’ because of his red hair. Vivaldi worked at an orphanage which was called the Ospedale della Pieta (Hospice of Mercy) as the maestro di violin This was an all-girls orphanage, which was for the illegitimate daughters of Venice’s noblemen and the school was dedicated to the education and care of young women. The musical standards at Ospedale were among the highest in Venice and Vivaldi served as the music director. At Ospedale, every month he would write two concerti for the girls’ choir to perform, these accounted for the large variety of the music Vivaldi wrote. These concerti were often quite difficult, and the girls of the Ospedale choir must have possessed a great amount of talent to perform them. Several of Vivaldi’s students...
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...Vivaldi Antonio Vivaldi was born on March 4th, 1678, in Venice, Italy. His father, a barber and a talented violinist at Saint Mark's Cathedral himself, had sparked interest in music in young Antonio. He helped him in making a decision of taking on a career in music. He encouraged and made him enter the Cappella di San Marco orchestra, where he soon became a highly appreciated violinist (Wikipedia). In 1703 Vivaldi became a priest known by the nickname "The Red Priest", because of his red hair. He was not interested in priesthood and the only reason for joining was his financial situation. That was was the only possible way for his poor family to receive free schooling. Nevertheless, very soon, in 1704, he was pardoned from celebrating the Holy Mass because of his bad health. Later, he became a violin teacher at an orphanage for girls called Ospedale della Pietà in Venice. The orphans soon started to gain appreciation and esteem as Vivaldi wrote most of his concertos, cantata, and sacred music for them. In 1705 the first collection of his works was published. He was a prolific composer producing over 500 concertos, 46 Operas, symphonies, 73 sonatas, chamber music, and sacred music. His most famous work is believed to be the Four Seasons (Wikipedia). Vivaldi's music is especially innovative since he added brightness to the very formal and rhythmic structure of concertos. He constantly searched for harmonic contrasts, creating innovative melodies and themes. Vivaldi’ ultimate...
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...styles of music. Music contrast is very important to the drama of baroque music. The different instruments, solos and ensembles, and the difference of soft and loud music all played major roles in baroque music. The baroque music period is described in three sections, early, mid, and late. Early ba-roque (1600-1640) brought us many great musicians such as Monteverdi, Bach, and Vivaldi. Composers of the early baroque period thought the idea of music was better illustrated by using a main melody. The composers of this period performed music with a new found freedom. The mid-baroque period was from 1640 to 1690. During this period the new found music moved from Italy throughout Europe. Compositions were written for certain instruments. Violins were the most popular instrument of this period. The late baroque period (1690-1750) brought about the baroque music we hear today. For the first time during the baroque period instruments were as important as vocal music. This period had many great composers such as Claudio Monteverdi, Johann Sebastian Bach, George Frederic Handel, and Antonio Vivaldi. Claudio Monteverdi was from Italy. He was one of the most important composers of the early baroque period. He worked at the Court of Mantua. He was a singer, violinist, and later became a music director. Monteverdi created the masterpiece Orfeo. He got little respect or pay although he was a well-known composer in Mantua. His lifestyle improved after he became the music director...
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...terms from the textbook to your selection. Explain what you like or admire about the work. Briefly, compare it to a modern soundtrack or song that evokes a similar mood. AntionoVivaldi’s Four Seasons, is a group of four violin concertos in which sonnets were written to describe the seasons. I found Four Seasons Spring very refreshing. As I listened closely, I could hear sounds in the music that mimicked birds chirping, a brook, a breeze and a thunderstorm. All the sounds of spring are in the music and remind me of a beautiful spring day. The concerto begins in allegro and slows down and picks up again as if it is telling a story of spring. What I like most about the Four Seasons’ Spring is that I feel refreshed, renewed, everything that spring represents. After listening to all four of the concertos, I was able to relate to each season through the music. I also enjoy jazz music and I can sit and listen to the instruments and they sometimes sound like words that speak to your soul and spirit, soothing and refreshing, creating a nice break from the hustle and bustle of the day. Sayre, H. (2012). The Baroque in Italy. In The Humanities: Culture, Continuity and Change (Vol. 2, pp. 697-698). Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall. Four Seasons ~ Vivaldi. (n.d.). Retrieved October 8,...
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...Baroque (1600-1750) Group Activity Historical Background of the Baroque Period * Bay Psalm book was printed in Massachusetts in (1628) * Period of Common Wealth begins in England (1649) * Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) Isaac Newton’s theory of gravitation published (1687) Music as Exploration and Drama * Europeans set out to develop musical approaches designed to “ramp up” various emotional states and help listeners experience their diversity more deeply. * Courts maintained elaborate musical establishments including opera troupes, chapel choirs, and orchestras. * Baroque art was extremely elaborate. Main Currents in Baroque Music * Shift from a texture of several independent parts (polyphony) to one in which a single melody stood out (homophony) * Group of Florentine writers, artists, and musicians known as the Camerata first cultivated this approach. * Figured Bass was created * Establishment of major-minor tonality * Instruments could now play in any key Rise in the Virtuoso * As musical instrument builders became more skilled musicians responded with more virtuosic (skilled) playing. * Composers demanded more advanced playing techniques * Women, particularly singers, expanded their roles in music. * Improvisation became significant. Components of Opera, Early opera in Italy, Opera in England * An opera is a large scale drama that is sung * May contain different types of ensembles ...
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...The World without Music From as far back as scholars can trace, music has always been an essential part of the human culture all over the globe. Music can be used to convey feelings, promote religious agendas, and entertain. It can be expressed through chanting, singing, dancing, and most importantly, playing instruments. One instrument, the violin, has been a major part of musical compositions for many centuries. The violins importance with music can be analyzed by focusing on its history, its sound and effects, the style of music that made it popular, and how it is being incorporated in music today. First, to understand the violin, one must know what it is exactly. The violin, also referred to as the fiddle, is a four-stringed instrument that can produce different tones depending on which string is played, A, E, D, or G. It belongs to a family of stringed instruments, which includes the cello and viola. The violin is the smallest instrument in the strings family. Kerman and Tomlinson, authors of the music book Listen, point out: Stringed instruments produce their sound by means of taut strings attached to the sound box, a hollow box containing a body of air that resonates (that is, vibrates along with the strings) to amplify the string sound. The strings themselves can be played with a bow, as with the violin and other orchestral strings; the bow is strung tightly with horsehair, which is coated with a substance called rosin so that the bow grips the strings...
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...GRADE 9 Learning Module MUSIC (Qtr 1 to 4) Compilation by Ben: r_borres@yahoo.com MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 1 To the illustrator: Using the blank map of Europe, place pictures of ALL the composers featured in EACH UNIT around the map and put arrows pointing to the country where they come from. Maybe you can use better looking arrows and format the composer’s pictures in an oval shape. The writers would like to show where the composers come from. I am attaching a file of the blank map and please edit it with the corresponding name and fill it the needed area with different colors. Please follow the example below. (Check the pictures of the composers and their hometowns in all the units.) Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Music Page 1 MUSIC LEARNER’S MATERIAL GRADE 9 Unit 1 Time allotment: 8 hours LEARNING AREA STANDARD The learner demonstrates an understanding of basic concepts and processes in music and art through appreciation, analysis and performance for his/her self-development, celebration of his/her Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and expansion of his/her world vision. key - stage STANDARD The learner demonstrates understanding of salient features of music and art of the Philippines and the world, through appreciation, analysis, and performance, for self-development, the celebration of Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and the expansion of one’s world vision...
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...Johann Sebastian Bach was born in Eisenach, Saxe-Eisenach, on 21 March 1685 O.S. (31 March 1685 N.S.). He was the son of Johann Ambrosius Bach, the director of the town musicians, and Maria Elisabeth Lämmerhirt.[10] He was the eighth child of Johann Ambrosius, (the eldest son in the family was 14 at the time of Bach's birth)[11] who probably taught him violin and the basics of music theory.[12] His uncles were all professional musicians, whose posts included church organists, court chamber musicians, and composers. One uncle, Johann Christoph Bach(1645–93), introduced him to the organ, and an older second cousin, Johann Ludwig Bach (1677–1731), was a well-known composer and violinist. Bach drafted a genealogy around 1735, titled "Origin of the musical Bach family".[13] Bach's mother died in 1694, and his father died eight months later.[5] Bach, aged 10, moved in with his oldest brother, Johann Christoph Bach(1671–1721), the organist at St. Michael's Church in Ohrdruf, Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.[14] There he studied, performed, and copied music, including his own brother's, despite being forbidden to do so because scores were so valuable and private and blank ledger paper of that type was costly.[15][16] He received valuable teaching from his brother, who instructed him on the clavichord. J.C. Bach exposed him to the works of great composers of the day, including South German composers such as Johann Pachelbel (under whom Johann Christoph had studied)[2] and Johann Jakob Froberger;...
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...A FORMAL ANALYSIS OF FOUR SELECTED PIANO CONCERTOS OF THE ROMANTIC ERA by MELINDA ANN ERICKSON, B.M. A THESIS IN MUSIC LITERATURE Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Texas Tech University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF MUSIC Approved Accepted August, 1974 Oop-Z ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am deeply indebted to Dr. Paul F. Cutter for his direction of this thesis and to Dr. Thomas Redcay for his helpful criticism. 11 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ii CHAPTER I. II. INTRODUCTION 1 BEETHOVEN PIANO CONCERTO NO. 4 IN G MAJOR Introduction First Movement: Allegro moderato Second Movement: Andante con moto Third Movement: Vivace III. CHOPIN PIANO CONCERTO NO. 2 IN F MINOR OP. 21 Introduction First Movement: Maestoso Second Movement: Larghetto Third Movement: Allegro vivace IV. 49 51 58 60 BRAHMS PIANO CONCERTO IN B FLAT MAJOR OP. 83 Introduction First Movement: Allegro non troppo Second Movement: Allegro appassionato Third Movement: Andante Fourth Movement: Allegro grazioso VI. 30 32 39 43 SCHUMANN PIANO CONCERTO IN A MINOR OP. 54 Introduction First Movement: Allegro affettuoso Second Movement: Intermezzo: Andantino grazioso Third Movement: Allegro vivace V. 10 12 21 24 CONCLUSION 67 69 78 84 87 93 BIBLIOGRAPHY 99 111 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The term concerto was used as far back as the two Gabrielis (1587)...
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...Classical Period (1750-1825) Listening Bridge Both of these excerpts are from CONCERTOS. Listen and compare, using the following questions as guides: • What is the solo instrument in each piece? • How would you describe the orchestra that accompanies the soloist in each example? • In which piece does the orchestra and soloist play the same “theme”? • In which piece does the accompaniment part include many repeated tones? • In which piece are there more sudden and extreme changes in dynamics? • Which one has a basso continuo? • Which one features a more “singable” melody? • What purpose do you think each piece was intended to serve? |[pic]Four Seasons: Winter |[pic]Piano Concerto No. 21 C major | |[pic] |[pic] | |Antonio Vivaldi |Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart | | | | |Born: 1678 |Born: 1756 | |Died: 1741 |Died: 1791 | |Period: Baroque |Period:...
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...FOR NICK Finally . . . Always 7:09 A.M. Everyone thinks it was because of the snow. And in a way, I suppose that’s true. I wake up this morning to a thin blanket of white covering our front lawn. It isn’t even an inch, but in this part of Oregon a slight dusting brings everything to a standstill as the one snowplow in the county gets busy clearing the roads. It is wet water that drops from the sky—and drops and drops and drops—not the frozen kind. It is enough snow to cancel school. My little brother, Teddy, lets out a war whoop when Mom’s AM radio announces the closures. “Snow day!” he bellows. “Dad, let’s go make a snowman.” My dad smiles and taps on his pipe. He started smoking one recently as part of this whole 1950s, Father Knows Best retro kick he is on. He also wears bow ties. I am never quite clear on whether all this is sartorial or sardonic—Dad’s way of announcing that he used to be a punker but is now a middle-school English teacher, or if becoming a teacher has actually turned my dad into this genuine throwback. But I like the smell of the pipe tobacco. It is sweet and smoky, and reminds me of winters and woodstoves. “You can make a valiant try,” Dad tells Teddy. “But it’s hardly sticking to the roads. Maybe you should consider a snow amoeba.” I can tell Dad is happy. Barely an inch of snow means that all the schools in the county are closed, including my high school and the middle school where Dad works, so it’s an unexpected day off for him, too. My mother, who...
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...Table of Contents Title Page Copyright Page Dedication IF I STAY Acknowledgements DUTTON BOOKS A member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc. Published by the Penguin Group | Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, U.S.A. | Penguin Group (Canada), 90 Eglinton Avenue East, Suite 700, Toronto, Ontario M4P 2Y3, Canada (a division of Pearson Penguin Canada Inc.) | Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England | Penguin Ireland, 25 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland (a division of Penguin Books Ltd) | Penguin Group (Australia), 250 Camberwell Road, Camberwell,Victoria 3124, Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) | Penguin Books India Pvt Ltd, 11 Community Centre, Panchsheel Park, New Delhi - 110 017, India | Penguin Group (NZ), 67 Apollo Drive, Rosedale, North Shore 0632, New Zealand (a division of Pearson New Zealand Ltd.) | Penguin Books (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd, 24 Sturdee Avenue, Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa | Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England This book is a work of fiction. Names, characters, places, and incidents are either the product of the author’s imagination or are used fictitiously, and any resemblance to actual persons, living or dead, business establishments, events, or locales is entirely coincidental. Copyright © 2009 by Gayle Forman “Waiting for Vengeance” © by Oswald Five-0, Serenade , Grinning Idiot Records. All rights reserved. No part of this publication...
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...| Transformational Leadership: Characteristics and Criticisms Iain Hay School of Geography, Population and Environmental ManagementFlinders University A prime function of a leader is to keep hope alive. (John W. Gardner)Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm. (Ralph Waldo Emerson)Setting an example is not the main means of influencing another, it is the only means. (Albert Einstein) Collectively, these three short quotations capture some of the key characteristics of transformational leadership, a form of leadership argued by some (Simic, 1998) to match the Zeitgeist of the post-World War II era. Academic debate about the nature and effectiveness of transformational leadership has developed since key work on the topic emerged in the 1970s. This short paper sets out to provide summary answers to three main questions about transformational leadership. What is it? How is it applied? What are some of its key weaknesses? In the course of the discussion, the following pages also provide a brief background to the origins of transformational leadership theory and point quickly to a possible theoretical future for a transformed transformational leadership. Transformational Leadership TheoryAccording to Cox (2001), there are two basic categories of leadership: transactional and transformational. The distinction between transactional and transformational leadership was first made by Downton (1973, as cited in Barnett, McCormick & Conners, 2001) but the idea...
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...10000 quiz questions and answers www.cartiaz.ro 10000 general knowledge questions and answers 10000 general knowledge questions and answers www.cartiaz.ro No Questions Quiz 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 Carl and the Passions changed band name to what How many rings on the Olympic flag What colour is vermilion a shade of King Zog ruled which country What colour is Spock's blood Where in your body is your patella Where can you find London bridge today What spirit is mixed with ginger beer in a Moscow mule Who was the first man in space What would you do with a Yashmak Who betrayed Jesus to the Romans Which animal lays eggs On television what was Flipper Who's band was The Quarrymen Which was the most successful Grand National horse Who starred as the Six Million Dollar Man In the song Waltzing Matilda - What is a Jumbuck Who was Dan Dare's greatest enemy in the Eagle What is Dick Grayson better known as What was given on the fourth day of Christmas What was Skippy ( on TV ) What does a funambulist do What is the name of Dennis the Menace's dog What are bactrians and dromedaries Who played The Fugitive Who was the King of Swing Who was the first man to fly across the channel Who starred as Rocky Balboa In which war was the charge of the Light Brigade Who invented the television Who would use a mashie niblick In the song who killed Cock Robin What do deciduous...
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...The Philosopher’s Stone by Colin Wilson PANTHER, GRANADA PUBLISHING London Toronto Sydney New York Published by Granada Publishing Limited in Panther Books 1974 Reprinted 1978 ISBN 0 586 03943 0 First published in Great Britain by Arthur Barker Limited 1969 Copyright © Colin Wilson 1969 Granada Publishing Limited Frogmore, St Albans, Herts, AL2 2NF and 3 Upper James Street, London, WIR 4BP 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020, USA 117 York Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia 100 Skyway Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Mgw 3A6 Trio City, Coventry Street, Johannesburg 2001, South Africa CML Centre, Queen & Wyndham, Auckland, New Zealand Made and printed in Great Britain by Hazell Watson & Viney Ltd Aylesbury, Bucks Set in Linotype Pilgrim This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hired out or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. Scanned : Mr Blue Sky Proofed : It’s Not Raining Date : 09 February 2002 PREFATORY NOTE Bernard Shaw concluded his preface to Back to Methuselah with the hope that ‘a hundred apter and more elegant parables by younger hands will soon leave mine... far behind’. Perhaps the thought of trying to leave Shaw far behind has scared off would-be competitors. Or perhaps - what is altogether...
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