... b. Mask: 255.255.255.0 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 1. 30 Hosts – .11100000 2. Formula to create subnets: 2^n c. 2^1 = 2 d. 2^2 = 4 e. 2^3 = 8 > 7 = OK! 3. Formula to create Hosts: 2^n – 2 f. 2^5 – 2 = 30 = OK! 4. New Subnet Mask All Networks g. 255.255.255.224 5. CIDR: 204.17.5.0 / 27 6. Hosts: 30 Hosts / Subnet 7. Magic #: 256 – 224 = 32 Subnet ID | Host Range | Broadcast ID | 204.17.5.0 / 27 | .1 .30 | 204.17.5.31 | 204.17.5.32 / 27 | .33 .62 | 204.17.5.63 | 204.17.5.64 / 27 | .65 .94 | 204.17.5.95 | 204.17.5.96 / 27 | .97 .126 | 204.17.5.127 | 204.17.5.128 / 27 | .129 .158 | 204.17.5.159 | VLSM: Determine what Mask Supports the number of hosts for each subnet. 1. Start with the largest amount * Subnet C: 30 Hosts 11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000 * Formula 2^5 – 2 = 30 Hosts = OK * Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.224 * CIDR: 204.17.5.0 / 27 * Magic #: 256 – 224 = 32 Subnet ID | Host Range | Broadcast ID | Subnet C: 204.17.5.0 | .1 .30 | .31 | * Subnet E: 29 Hosts 11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000 * Formula 2^5 – 2 = 30 Hosts > 29 = OK * Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.224 * CIDR: 204.15.5.64 / 27 * Magic #: 256 – 224 = 32 Subnet ID | Host Range | Broadcast ID | Subnet E: 204.17.5.32 | .33 .63 | .64 | * Subnet G: 24 Hosts...
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...172.16.1.0 VLSM Version 2.0 Version 1.0 Variable-Length Subnet Mask Workbook 192.168.10.0 192.168.10.96 Student Name: 192.168.10.126 172.31.15.0 IP Address Classes Class A Class B Class C Class D Class E 1 – 127 128 – 191 192 – 223 224 – 239 240 – 255 (Network 127 is reserved for loopback and internal testing) 00000000.00000000.00000000.00000000 Leading bit pattern 0 Network . Host . Host . Host Leading bit pattern Leading bit pattern 10 110 10000000.00000000.00000000.00000000 Network . Network . Host . Host 11000000.00000000.00000000.00000000 Network . Network . Network . Host (Reserved for multicast) (Reserved for experimental, used for research) Private Address Space Class A Class B Class C 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255 Default Subnet Masks Class A Class B Class C 255.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 255.255.255.0 This workbook assumes you already have a background in subnetting. If you don’t you may want to consider completing the IP Addressing and Subnetting Workbook. Produced by: Robb Jones jonesr@careertech.net and/or Robert.Jones@fcps.org Frederick County Career & Technology Center Cisco Networking Academy Frederick County Public Schools Frederick, Maryland, USA Special Thanks to Melvin Baker and Jim Dorsch for taking the time to check this workbook for errors. Workbooks included in the series: IP Addressing and Subnetting Workbooks ACLs - Access Lists Workbooks VLSM Variable-Length...
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...raft Manuscript Draft Ma VLSM and CIDR cript Draft Manuscript Dra Manuscript Draft Manuscri raft Manuscript Draft Ma uscript Draft Manuscript raft Manuscript Draft Ma script Draft Manuscript D ft Manuscript Draft Manu ript Draft Manuscript Dra Manuscript Draft Manuscri t Draft Manuscript Draft M nuscript Draft Manuscript CHAPTER 6 Objectives ■ Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to answer the following questions: What are the differences between classful and classless IP addressing? What is VLSM, and what are the benefits of classless IP addressing? ■ ■ What is the role of the classless interdomain routing (CIDR) standard in making efficient use of scarce IPv4 addresses? Key Terms This chapter uses the following key terms. You can find the definitions in the Glossary at the end of the book. classful IP addressing page 280 prefix aggregation page 285 network prefix page 286 contiguous page 294 discontiguous address assignment page 280 supernet page 280 private addressing page 281 high-order bits page 282 supernetting page 294 This is a prepublication draft of the manuscript. The final book will publish in December and will be available for purchase at http://www.ciscopress.com/title/9781587132063. raft Manuscript Draft Ma cript Draft Manuscript Dra Manuscript Draft Manuscri raft Manuscript Draft Ma uscript Draft Manuscript raft Manuscript Draft Ma script Draft Manuscript D ft Manuscript Draft Manu ript Draft Manuscript Dra Manuscript...
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...VLSM is the way of sub netting a network to make for the most efficient use of all the bits, allow networks to be fragmented into any size sub network. VLSM is the breaking down of IP addresses into subnets (multiple levels) and allocating it according to the individual need on a network. It can also be called a classless IP addressing. A classful addressing follows the general rule that has been proven to amount to IP address wastage. Classes subnetting gives you more host, classful subnetting gives you less subnet. Classful network: the original addressing architecture used for the internet When we use classful routing protocol, we only look at the IP address, net the subnet mask and we have to use default subnet mask. We will run out of IP address soon if we want to expand our network in the future. Classless routing: support VLSM and different size network with the same IP address class. You can split the network as you like to meet the requirement of the business. Cisco supports VLSM with RIP version2, Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), Integrated Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System (IS-IS), Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) IP subnet in used should not overlap their address ranges, routers cannot route the packets correctly if 2 hosts have the same IP address. To find the overlap, you have to look at the subnet ID, range of address in each subnet. Add a new subnet to an existing design: * Pick a subnet mask * Make a list of existing...
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...Graded Assignments The following sections contain student copies of the assignments. These must be distributed to students prior to the due dates for the assignments. Online students will have access to these documents in PDF format, which will be available for downloading at any time during the course. Course Revision Table Change Date | Updated Section | Change Description | Change Rationale | Implementation Quarter | 11/04/2011 | All | New Curriculum | | December 2011 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ------------------------------------------------- Graded Discussion/Assignment Requirements Discussion or Assignment Requirements documents provided below must be printed and distributed to students for guidance on completing the discussions and assignments and submitting them for grading. Instructors must remind students to retain all handouts and assignment documents issued in every unit, as well as student-prepared documentation and graded deliverables. Some or all these documents will be used repeatedly across different units. Unit 1 Assignment 1: Effects of Routing on Current Communication Methods Used by Organizations Learning Objectives and Outcomes * Explore the effects of routing on current communication methods used by organizations. Assignment Requirements The Johnson Company provides networking components and services. It sounds simple, but management knows it takes a lot of planning...
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...Situación En esta actividad le han asignado la dirección de red 172.16.0.0/16 para la subred y la dirección IP de las redes que se muestran en el Diagrama de topología. Para que se puedan cumplir los requisitos de direccionamiento utilizando la red 172.16.0.0/16 se utilizará la dirección IP de la LAN. La red posee los siguientes requisitos de direccionamiento: • Sección de red East • La LAN1 N-EAST (Northeast) necesitará 4000 direcciones IP de host. • La LAN2 N-EAST (Northeast) necesitará 4000 direcciones IP de host. • La LAN1 SE-BR1 (Southeast Branch1) necesitará 1000 direcciones IP de host. • La LAN2 SE-BR1 (Southeast Branch1) necesitará 1000 direcciones IP de host. • La LAN1 SE-BR2 (Southeast Branch2) necesitará 500 direcciones IP de host. • La LAN2 SE-BR2 (Southeast Branch2) necesitará 500 direcciones IP de host. • La LAN1 SE-ST1 (Southeast satélite1) necesitará 250 direcciones IP de host. • La LAN2 SE-ST1 (Southeast satélite1) necesitará 250 direcciones IP de host. • La LAN1 SE-ST2 (Southeast satélite1) necesitará 125 direcciones IP de host. • La LAN2 SE-ST2 (Southeast satélite2) necesitará 125 direcciones IP de host. • Sección de red West • La LAN1 S-WEST (Southwest) necesitará 4000 direcciones IP de host. • La LAN2 S-WEST (Southwest) necesitará 4000 direcciones IP de host. • La LAN1 NW-BR1 (Northwest Branch1) necesitará 2000 direcciones IP de host. • La LAN2 NW-BR1 (Northwest Branch1) necesitará 2000 direcciones...
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... . . . . . Using Redundant Links on Server Farm Devices . . . . Investigating Existing Network Devices . . . . . . . . . Creating Modular Block Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . Determining Network Strengths and Weaknesses . . . . Installing Cisco IOS Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Installing Option Modules on a Router . . . . . . . . . Placing Wireless Access Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecting Access and Distribution Layer Switches . . Installing Option Modules on a Router . . . . . . . . . Observing Static and Dynamic Routing . . . . . . . . . Implementing Access Control Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . Designing and Addressing a Topology . . . . . . . . . . Resolving Discontiguous Network Problems . . . . . . . Applying VLSM Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Configuring a Multirouter EIGRP Network . . . . . . . Assigning IP Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Using Commands to Test Network Functionality . . . . Building the Prototype Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . Testing Redundancy in the Network Design . . . . . . . Testing a Multi-Router Network with Redundant Links Validating the IP Addressing Scheme . . . . . . . . . . Building the Prototype Network . . . . . . . . ....
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...addressing limit the flexibility and the quantity of address which can be allocate to the device. Classless Addressing is a system that can allocate and state the internet address that utilized in the inter-domain router more freedom than the Internet Protocol address classes. (Learningnetwork.cisco.com, 2017). For class B network address the number of octets in the host is defined by 216 which means there are total 65536 number of hosts. B. Variable Length Subnet Mask (VLSM) is a numerical masking sequence. VLSM it enables a network engineer to divide IP address space into ladder of subnet in different sizes which can help in create the subnets in a variable of host counts without wasting a large number of addresses. (Searchnetworking.techtarget.com, 2017). The use of VLSM is essential to fulfil the addressing requirements of the network by using the allocated address range because based on the Shanks’ Pony’s Network Addressing Requirements there are different network ID that require different max hosts, if VLSM is not used there will be a large number of address wasted as some of the network only require 5 hosts and some of it require 300 hosts. C. IP Address Subnet Mask Default Gateway First Host Address Last Host Address Router JED FA/0 158.175.162.131 255.255.255.192 FA/1 FA/4 Broadcast Address (Host 1) PC 6 (host 1) PC 8 (Host 1) Broadcast Address (Host 2) PC 9 (Host 2) PC 10(Host 2) 2. A. Data link layer is a protocol...
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...as repeater for the data flow. 5.3.2 IP Address Management (IPAM) IP address management is very important for every network. This is because every network have their own characteristic and various number of user. Besides that, IP address management is needed for avoid too many unused IP address on the network. A good IP address management also can lead for easier in manageability by administrator or IT person. This is because a good IP management help to prevent configuration error while doing the implementation. Besides that, I also need to design IP address by making Variable Length Subnet Mask (VLSM) calculation method according to the project specifications. Same as the topology design, I also have used free application over internet which is vlsm-calc.net to calculate. In order to avoid error in online calculation, I also decided to calculate it by manual. Picture 4 – Vlsm-calc.net interface 5.3.3 Configuration Design Configuration is the most critical part that need to design. Designing the configuration such as protocol used, IP address, ACL, DHCP, Firewall and security configuration need to meet the network architecture specification. In order to perform a good configuration design, I need to list a possible common configuration and analysed it. This is because not all configuration are suitable with the network. Some of configuration need to be modified to meet the network specification. Lastly, I also have to study and do some research for the configuration so that...
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...ITT Technical Institute NT2640 IP Networking Onsite Course SYLLABUS Credit hours: 4.5 Contact/Instructional hours: 56 (34 Theory Hours, 22 Lab Hours) Prerequisite(s) and/or Corequisite(s): Prerequisites: NT1210 Introduction to Networking or equivalent Course Description: This course explores network design and implementation by applying the TCP/IP protocols to provide connectivity and associated services. Planning and deployment of network addressing structures, as well as router and switch configurations, are also examined. IP Networking Syllabus Where Does This Course Belong? This course is required in the associate degree program in Network Systems Administration and associate degree in Mobile Communications Technology. The following diagrams indicate how this course relates to other courses in respective programs: Network Systems Administration NT2799 NSA Capstone Project NT2580 Introduction to Information Security NT2670 Email and Web Services NT2640 IP Networking PT2520 Database Concepts NT1330 Client-Server Networking II NT1230 Client-Server Networking I NT1430 Linux Networking PT1420 Introduction to Programming NT1110 Computer Structure and Logic NT1201 Introduction to Networking NT1310 Physical Networking CO2520 Communications SP2750 Group Theories EN1420 Composition II EN1320 Composition I GS1140 Problem Solving Theory GS1145 Strategies for the Technical Professional MA1210 College Mathematics...
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...1. Cut-through frame processing by a switch allows the switch to discard frames that fail the FCS check. - False 2. When a switch receives an Ethernet frame to a destination MAC address which is not in the devices MAC address table the switch applies the following logic - Floods the Ethernet frame out all interfaces except the received interface 3. Which of the following correctly describes the collision domain design trade-offs? - Single collision domain requires all devices on a segment to share the available bandwidth 4. When setting local cisco switchport to initiate the negotiation of a trunk link with the remote switch, the administrative mode is referred to as - Dynamic desirable 5. Which component of IPv6 neighbor discovery replaces the capabilities of ARP? - Neighbor solicitation 6. Which of the UTP cabling is required to connect to hosts back-to-back? - Cross-over 7. Which type of ICMP message will be rerouted to host by a remote router if that router does not have a route to a network? - Destination Unreachable – Code Network Unreachable 8. Which Cisco IOS show command aids in the troubleshooting of routing protocols by displaying information on which protocols is enabled and as well as passive interfaces? - Show ip protocols 9. IPv6 broadcast addresses are used in a similar manner to IPv4 broadcast addresses. - False 10. Inverse ARP in Frame Relay provides - mapping of Layer 3 addresses and the layer 2 addresses 11. Which one of the following is...
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...core strengths is its fast network convergence capabilities, unlike other routing protocols EIGRP keeps feasible successor routes right into the routing table, and this allows millisecond convergence should the successor route fail. Flexible in summarization Unlike OSPF, EIGRP allows you to summarize anywhere, in bigger environments where routers are advertising hundreds of networks, route summarization can greatly enhance router's and network operational capabilities, its less taxing on CPU/memory and cheaper to run / maintain. Unequal cost load- balancing EIGRP allows unequal cost load balancing, which means you can use 2 different cost links to load balance traffic, no other protocol can do this. It is VLSM friendly unlike other distance vector protocols, and EIGRP supports VLSM and discontinued networks. EIGRP is also less confusing than OSPF because it does not have different network types and EIGRP is easier to deploy in hub and spoke scenarios. EIGRP uses a flat network without areas, this can both be an advantage and disadvantage. OSPF is obviously an open standard so it's the logical choice if you have multiple vendors. It...
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...model * TCP/UDP ix. Connection oriented/connectionless x. Windowing * Types of destinations xi. Unicast xii. Broadcast xiii. Multicast * Cables xiv. Ethernet xv. Serial * Duplex 2. TCP/IP * OSI model * TCP/IP or DOD model * DHCP * Basic port numbers * TCP xvi. virtual circuits (three-way handshake) xvii. Headers * UDP xviii. Headers * IP xix. Headers * Frame xx. Header * ICMP * ARP * RARP * Proxy ARP 3. IP addressing / Subnetting /VLSM / Summarization * Binary to decimal * IP address classes * CIDR * IP Subnet Zero * Subnetting * VLSM * Summarization 4. Router interface * Router components * Modes * Configuration register * Keyboard shortcuts 5. IOS management * Boot up sequence * Configuration saves and loads * SSH * resolving hostnames 6. dynamic routing * ip address support xxi. classful xxii. classless * types of routing protocols xxiii. distance vector * Split Horizon * Infinite Metric (Poison Reverse) xxiv. link state xxv. hybrid routing (EIGRP) * Routing protocols (show commands) xxvi. Directly Connected: 0 ...
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...Administration, Programming in C++, Java and Visual Basic .NET, System Analysis, Networking, Computer Security and Management Science, Business Management and Economics, Management Information System, Etcetera. HND ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING Course content includes: Network Analysis, Engineering Mathematics, Digital Electronics, Telecommunications, Power Systems, Computer Technology, Computer Literacy, Microcomputer, Computer Applications, Fault Diagnosis, Control Systems, Equipment Maintenance, Power Electronics, Etcetera. CISCO (CCNA Exploration: Network Fundamentals) at College of Engineering, KNUST Course content includes: Internetworking, Introduction to TCP/IP, Subnetting, Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSMs), and Troubleshooting TCP/IP, Cisco’s Internetworking Operating System (IOS) and Security Device Manager (SDM) CISCO (CCNA Exploration: Routing Protocols and Concepts) at College of Engineering, KNUST Course content includes: Introduction to...
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...support TE. | Table content gathered from: (http://www.h3c.com/portal/Products___Solutions/Products/Other_Products/Routers/Quidway_AR18-3X_Series_Routers/White_Paper/200701/194248_57_0.htm) EIGRP FEATURES: * Support for IP, IPX, and AppleTalk via protocol-dependent modules * Considered classless (same as RIPv2 and OSPF) * Support for VLSM/CIDR * Support for summaries and discontiguous networks * Efficient neighbor discovery * Communication via Reliable Transport Protocol (RTP) * Best path selection via Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL) (http://ciscotests.org/ccna.php?part=7) OSPF SPF calculation computational cost table Router | Attached Networks and Costs | R1 | Net 1-Cost 2, Net 3-Cost 5, Net 4-Cost 2 | R2 | Net 1-Cost 1, Net 2-Cost 4, Net 6-Cost 2 | R3 | Net 2-Cost 4, Net 3-Cost 2, Net 5-Cost 3, Net 7-Cost 2 | R4 | Net 4-Cost 3, Net 5-Cost 2 | R5 | Net 6-Cost 2, Net 7-Cost 3 | All information in this table gathered from: (http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc957894.aspx) Interoperability of OSPF OSPF offers all the functionality of RIP, plus: * Variable-length subnet mask (VLSM) support * Routing updates without the 30-second...
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