...Introduction In the last two decades learning strategies has grown more and more, especially learning vocabulary. One of the most important elements of language is vocabulary; there has been a considerable interest in vocabulary studies. By learning vocabulary foreign learners can improve their knowledge and proficiency in second language. Over the last years so many researchers, for example (Folse, 2006; Huang, 2007; Min, 2008; Shen, 2010; Vidal, 2011; Mohebbi, 2013; Charkova, 2014), tried to discuss the different sides and the role of vocabulary learning, that is why so many useful strategies have been indicated in their findings. As we know vocabulary always plays a great role in learning English as a foreign language, especially for the students in universities, because it is a suitable time for them to improve their English skillfulness. The trend of linguistic theory play great role in the improvement of language education. Vocabulary acquisition was neglected...
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...Bibliography on Vocabulary Development in EFL Learners Supatranut Singhanuwananon 5506040111 Vocabulary Development in EFL Learners: Optimizing Lexical Competence Vocabulary teaching and learning in English language teaching (ELT) had been long considered unimportant until the light started to gleam gradually on the field in the 1980s to the 1990s (Nation, 2011; Henriksen, 1999). It has become widely known that slow vocabulary development blocks learners’ ability to comprehend L2 content through reading and listening (August, Carlo, Dressler, and Snow, 2005). Studies also show that because EFL learners have very much fewer productive vocabulary than receptive vocabulary, they often encounter difficulties in language production (Zhong, 2011). As an EFL learner myself, I have experienced such problems as well. Oftentimes, my vocabulary limitations interfere with my communication in L2. Therefore, it kindles my personal interest in studies of L2 vocabulary development. Because vocabulary has become one of the key elements in ELT and ELL, through decades, many research have been conducted to identify how vocabulary is learned and developed, and what factors that impede or boost learners’ lexical competence. Hence, this study attempts to respond to the research questions as follow: 1. What are existing vocabulary learning strategies that EFL learners use? 2. What are factors that affect vocabulary development in EFL learners? 3. What are effective vocabulary learning strategies for EFL...
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...Alvarado, Myra July 20, 2013 Article Critic Dr. Romelia Hurtado De Vivas Diane, A. Carlo, M., Dressler, C., & Snow, C. (2005). The Critical Role of Vocabulary Development for English Language Learners. LEARNING DISABILITIES IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNERS, 1-8. This article was written to study the impact of vocabulary on ELL students in the classroom and the importance of it. In recent years, there has been numerous studies on ELL students and the impact on their learning when vocabulary has been a main focus in the curriculum. Testing our students and finding out where they need to be and where they are in literacy is crucial in building a core curriculum that revolves around vocabulary and each individual student. Building vocabulary with our ELL students is critical as they learn a new language, because it will make transfering what they already know easier. Not only do they need to learn new vocabulary but also they need to gain the meaning of the vocabulary, the semantacs of the word, and the several word uses. In order for a student to actually “know” a word they need to learn all of the mechanics and usages of the word and be able to identify it not only in reading, writing, but also when they speak. To be able to do this ELLs need to be taught strategies on how to use decoding, context clues, and cognates that will help them infer the meaning. Second-language acquisition research has identified transferas an important process involved in the acquisition of...
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...The experiment is aiming for students in the experimental group to have higher scores on the test. This study is also looking to gather provable facts based on the practice, adhering to the one to one positivist epistemological orientation (The Open University, 2014l). In this case, mathematical vocabulary learning strategies are essential to student learning and retention. No qualitative method or analysis will be used as evidence; the research is focused on the production of empirical evidence, again aligning with the positivist approach (The Open university, 2014d). Fotiadou (2014) questioned the credibility of the results with introduction of an extra class. The introduction of the extra class echoes Togerson (2010) in that intervention is an add-on rather than a replacement. Ensuring rigorous controls of he variables will hopefully provide meaningful results (Togerson...
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...Learning strategies are used by students to help them understand information and solve problems. A learning strategy is a person's approach to learning and using information. Students who do not know or use good learning strategies often learn passively and ultimately fail in school. Learning strategy instruction focuses on making the students more active learners by teaching them how to learn and how to use what they have learned to solve problems and be successful. One strand addresses how students acquire information. It includes strategies for learning how to paraphrase critical information, picture information to promote understanding and remembering, ask questions and make predictions about text information, and identify unknown words in text. A second strand helps students study information once they acquire it. It includes strategies for developing mnemonics and other devices to aid memorization of facts as well as strategies for learning new vocabulary. These strategies help prepare students for tests. A third strand helps students express themselves. It includes strategies to help students write sentences and paragraphs, monitor their work for errors, and confidently approach and take tests. No single strategy is a panacea. For example, we have reading strategies that help students figure out what a word is, comprehend what they're reading, acquire vocabulary, and understand the structure of text. All of these strategies are essential for a well-integrated, balanced...
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...Peterson’s MASTER TOEFL VOCABULARY 00_TOEFL Vocab FM,i-x 1 8/9/06, 10:13 About Peterson’s, A Nelnet Company Peterson’s (www.petersons.com) is a leading provider of education information and advice, with books and online resources focusing on education search, test preparation, and financial aid. Its Web site offers searchable databases and interactive tools for contacting educational institutions, online practice tests and instruction, and planning tools for securing financial aid. Peterson’s serves 110 million education consumers annually. For more information, contact Peterson’s, A Nelnet Company, 2000 Lenox Drive, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648; 800338-3282; or find us on the World Wide Web at: www.petersons.com/about Portions of this book were previously published in Reading and Vocabulary Workbook for the TOEFL Exam and Ultimate Word Success. © 2006 by Elizabeth Davy and Karen Davy TOEFL is a registered trademark of Educational Testing Service (ETS). This book is not endorsed or approved by ETS. Editor: Wallie Walker Hammond; Manufacturing Manager: Ray Golaszewski ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, or information storage and retrieval systems—without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN-13: 978-0-7689-2328-5 ISBN-10: 0-7689-2328-X Printed in...
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...Chapter I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction Sentences cannot be form without using the phrases, and you cannot see phrases without involving different vocabulary word and for you to know older students must be skilled at reading to learn; but it is also true that they never finished learning to read. Do students really understand what they are reading? Do they retain the words in the given reading material? Learning and discovering come up with reading and understanding, and understanding goes with identifying and familiarizing the meaning of each word in a produced sensible context. Based on the statistics, the literacy rate in the Philippines as of 2005 has risen from 72% to 90% in the last 30 years. The 2005 Functional Literacy, Education, and Mass Media Survey conducted by the National Statistics Office (NSO) resulted 48.4 million or 84% of the estimated 57.6 million Filipinos who are 10 to 64 years old are said to be "functionally" literate (TODAY newspaper, 2005). It was defined by the NSO that functionally literate means a high level of literacy which includes reading, writing, numerical and comprehension skills. While on the other hand, the 2009 National Achievement Tests (NAT) results revealed a rise in Mean Percentage Score (MPS) of only 66.33% from 54.66% in 2006, which equates to an improvement of 11.67% (Philippine Daily Inquirer, 2010). In addition to that, the Department of Education reported that almost two-thirds of the country’s high schools...
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...The Influences of Lexical Approach on College English Teaching in China I. Introduction 1.1 Background In recent years, college English teaching research focuses on exploring more effective teaching methods to improve the students’English proficiency and self-learning ability. China's college English teaching find itself caught in a dilemma of time-consuming but low-efficiency. The undesirable language teaching situation drives the teaching researchers to make great efforts to innovate present teaching ideas and methods. No matter how much attention has been paid to reading and writing training, teachers and students generally think that vocabulary teaching is of vital importance and it is the foundation of English learning. However, a majority of students acquire new words by rote learning and some students even try to memorize the words based on the vocabulary list. Although students' vocabulary size is increased quickly, their English language skills have not been improved. In order to resolve these problems, we can try to update the teaching idea of vocabulary and to improve the teaching method. 1.2 Purpose of the Paper The focus of traditional English teaching is mainly on grammar and vocabulary, which are regarded as two independent items. In fact, students cannot express themselves very well even though they have acquired many words and grammar rules. So, how can we change the situation? Many studies have been conducted to improve English teaching efficiency...
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...of skills, widely adaptable and applicable to all kinds of texts and reading situations.” Teachers have a responsibility to ensure that each student that enter their present have a strong foundation in reading. The bible identifies teacher’s roles in 2 Timothy 3:16, “All scripture is breathed out of God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness. Teachers have a responsibility to ensure they provide instructions that will promote growth for all students. Although students have various learning styles, teachers can successfully teach reading through differentiated instructions. Many teacher fail to integrate reading into their subject because they often feel like they do not have the tools need to successful implement the content area (Wilson, 2011). In this paper, I will address the how ideal reading programs for first grade students should include phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary and comprehension to ensure the success of each student in reading. Phonemic awareness Phonic awareness is an important part of a strong reading foundation for students in first grade. Students entering first will have prior knowledge of phonic awareness from kindergarten classes. It is important as the teacher to build on the prior phonic awareness knowledge and correct inaccurate information to assist the students in building a strong foundation. Students will gain several skills from phonics awareness such as manipulating sounds...
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...(ACU1240A) Instructor Shannon Gevero November 5, 2012 Lesson Plan Modifications for English Language Learners In schools today there are many different cultures that are present within each classroom and some of those cultures have different values and speak a different language than the majority of the other students within the classroom, so to accommodate those students (ELLs) teachers incorporate different strategies within their lessons and classrooms to ensure that every child is receiving a high standard of education; which will help them to become better prepared for the new world that they are being exposed to. This paper will examine a lesson plan that can be used to help English language learners in their literacy development; addressing the content area of reading and using this lesson plan to further progress a second grade class into becoming proficient. Along with examining the lesson plan, this paper will also identify three strategies, list-group-label, key vocabulary, and prereading text, that are used within it and identify three new strategies that can be used to modify the lesson to allow for comprehensible input and identify ways to scaffold lessons to help improve a student’s comprehension. English language learners are becoming more and more common within our schools and addressing their educational needs is important, but above all teachers need to remember that cultures are important and no student should have to give up their culture to become...
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...Vocabulary instruction and the impact it has on reading comprehension is a topic that appears to be discussed but is not researched as much as we previously envisioned. There are many articles discussing how to implement quality instruction to provide vocabulary development at the elementary level. There appears to be little research on how vocabulary directly impacts student reading comprehension. There is also little research on how word walls impact overall vocabulary development. Vocabulary is one of the five major components of reading along with phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency and reading comprehension. All components are essential when it comes to reading but we believe that vocabulary plays an important role both in learning to read and in comprehending text. Readers cannot understand text without knowing what the words they are reading mean. Although we did not find as much research as hoped, we did find a wide variety of articles that examined the impact that vocabulary instruction has on reading. Many of the articles that we found explained a variety of ways to improve vocabulary instruction that would in turn increase vocabulary development. Some studies looked at emerging language skills such as alliteration, rhyming, segment blending and letter-word identification. Others focused more on decoding, word knowledge and word recognition. Other variables considered included age, gender, race or ethnicity, household income, disability and even parental intelligence...
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...Collaborative Learning Community: Three Reading Lesson Plans Grand Canyon University EED 475 3/12/2013 Lesson 1 Standards: • 2.1Understand how text features (e.g., format, graphics, sequence, diagrams, charts, maps) make information accessible and usable. • 2.2 Analyze text that is organized in sequential or chronological order. • 3.2 Identify the main problem or conflict of the plot and explain how it is resolved. Grade: 5th Theme: Reading intervention Lesson Topic: Charlotte’s Web by E.b. White Objectives: • Students will read Charlotte’s web and collect main ideas, events, and characters. • Students will work in collaborative learning groups to create a timeline which will include characters, and events. • Students will support their ideas with text evidence and research. Learning Strategies: Direct instruction, Collaborative learning, and Explicit instruction. Key Vocabulary: Commotion, Masterpiece, Conspiracy, Exertions, Gullible, Specimen, Morsel, Phenomenon, Pummeled. Materials: large piece of construction paper, crayons, color pencils, notebook, and pencil. Motivation: The teacher would have assigned the class to read Charlotte’s web by E.b. White. The teacher would ask: 1. How many of you have read a book but didn’t know how one event lead to the other? 2. How can we keep track of event and ideas in a book that are important as we read? The teacher will then model how students will use their writing...
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...Definition of Vocabulary It is important to define the term vocabulary because it is the basic foundation in any language and through reviewing the literature, the researcher found the following definitions that share some similarities. Hornby (2000) in Oxford Advanced Learner‘s Dictionary of Current English states that vocabulary is all the words that someone knows or uses, the words that are typically used when talking about particular subject or a list of words with the explanation of their meanings in a book for learning foreign language. Saputra (2007) gives a comprehensive definition of vocabulary and describes it as all the words that are used in a language, have meanings and Also, the American Heritage Dictionary (2010) defines vocabulary...
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...Instructional Strategies for ELL Classrooms Regina Chandler-Pettit Grand Canyon University Edu 523N April 12, 2010 Abstract As the demographics of American schools continue to change and more English Language learner students enter the public school system, educators must find appropriate methods to teach the ELL population. Teaching this diversified population of students is challenging and it is the educators job to incorporate different instructional methods and concepts that “all” students can find beneficial. The skill and language acquisition level for the ELL student are often at various levels and it is up to the educator to utilize teaching methods that combine all techniques into a suitable learning environment. According to data submitted by state departments of education, between 1990 and 2000 the number of limited English proficient students attending American schools rose 76%, from 2.1 million to 1990 to 3.7 million in 2000 (Thompson,2004). The 2001 No Child Left Behind outlined stipulations that held schools accountable for helping “limited English proficient children meet the same challenging state academic and content and student academic achievement standards as all students are expected to meet” (NCLB, Part A, subpart 1).With the rapid shift of demographics in the American population educators face a whole host of challenges when it comes to educating the English Language Learner (ELL) population. ELL students require detailed instruction...
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...chapter for this, the seventh volume in the series of Handbooks of Psychology, we are both privileged and humbled by the opportunity of continuing the legacy of providing a comprehensive account of new theoretical and empirical contributions to reading research. Respectful of the cross-age approach that Pressley took in the last volume (account for progress of beginning readers, adolescent and adult readers— and along the way highlight some pedagogical processes that are salient at all levels, such as word recognition, vocabulary, and comprehension), we took a different approach. We decided to focus on reading as a fundamentally cognitive process that can be influenced by contextual forces at many levels, most notably for education, schools, and policy environments. Thus we deal with the fundamental psychological aspects of reading—word level processes (including subword processes such as phonological awareness and decoding, word reading, and vocabulary, with all of its entailments), and text-level processes as they are grounded in structures, genres, and disciplinary knowledge pursuits. After the account of these cognitive processes, we turn to a setting-level analysis, in which we examine word- and text level processes within schooling (including instruction in English language arts and the subject matters of history and science) and policy contexts. As we unpack each...
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