...Language and Decoding It must be understood that words are broken up into smaller units of sounds called phonemes. Being able to pronounce and articulate phonemes is obviously essential. Further, having awareness that sounds can be manipulated, segmented and blended to create words in just as critical. This is both key to reading, writing, and spelling. When a kindergarten student ask you how to spell a particular word. The common answer is usually “sound it out”. In order for this method to work, one must be able to dissect a word into its finite parts in order to map each sound to the corresponding letter or letters. According to Roth, Paul & Pierotti, Children who perform well on sound awareness tasks become successful readers and writers, while children who struggle with such tasks often do not. (2006,par.2) Language and Vocabulary Teaching children to decode or sound out words is usually the starting point for reading instruction. Ultimately, readers have to understand what they are reading and writing. In order for them to fully comprehend the material, the student must have a significant repertoire of known words or vocabulary such as “site words”. Kindergarten vocabulary is primarily learned from the parents, friends or their community. Children who come from a proper English speaking homes have more of an advantage to learn up to three times as many words as a child from a non-proper English speaking home. (Hart & Risley, 1995) Conclusion ...
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...Bilingual Education: Voter Driven Initiatives XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Grand Canyon University: ESL 523N February 27, 2013 Bilingual education is a very important topic in education. Classrooms are filled with diverse populations, including those that are learning English as a second language. Learning a new language and having to adapt to a new culture can prove to be detrimental for a student’s academic progress. English language learners struggle in the classroom and are in need of teachers that will work relentlessly in helping them be academically successful. To regulate bilingual/ESL education, there have been various state and federal decisions made. The Elementary and Secondary Education Act was passed on the heels of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The purpose of ESEA was focused mainly on eradicating poverty, providing equal education services to all students, and implementing high standards for students and teachers. The ESEA also provided funds for state established educational programs and low income students ("Elementary and secondary,"). Although the ESEA benefited many deserving students in bad economic areas, it did not specifically benefit English language learners. Making matters worse, ESEA was reauthorized as The No Child Left Behind in 2002. NCLB required states to align their standards/requirements with the federal NCLB standards/requirements. Although it looked good on paper, requiring schools to meet what is known as Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) forced...
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...Before I can start to write about Equal Opportunity and Education I must first define Equal Opportunity. Equal Opportunity is a right supposedly guaranteed by both federal and many state laws against any discrimination in employment, education, housing or credit rights due to a person’s race, color, sex (or sometimes sexual orientation), religion, national origin, age or handicap. The United States has had a long and rough road to equal opportunity in education. During the colonial era, only boys from wealthy families were given the opportunity for a formal education, while girls from wealthy families were educated by governess. Wealthy planters home schooled their boys. During this era, girls were educated in the basic subjects of reading, writing, and arithmetic just enough for them to read and understand their Bible and take care of the household accounts. From the beginning of the nation through and just past the Civil War, white men were the predominant people for educational opportunity. Fewer women went to college, and those who did were talked into becoming nurses, teachers, artists, or other jobs considered at the time to be suitable for women. One must be reminded that during this time, the role of women in society was to raise children and attend to the household. Women who did not get married were persuaded into secretarial positions, nursing, or teaching. This was the view of women in this era. Minorities, such as African Americans and immigrants, were worse...
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...Rashema Jones ECH 125-0101 August 28, 2013 Jennifer Zaur Federal/State Policy Influences Questions | Ms. Smith | Mrs. Whitaker | Mrs. Jackson (Administrator) | 1.The impact of federal and state policy on funding and testing criteria. | It has a great impact on what type of education children receive in each state. Funding is based on the cost of living and test criteria all depends on the children test scores. | Federal and state policy has a great impact of funding and testing criteria. Federal and state looks at different things to say what each state is entitled in having. Testing criteria is | This type of thing do not impact with working in a daycare center. | 2.Demographic information about you (teacher). | Black female, being in the education field for a number of year’s 1st grade teacher. | White female, being in the education field over 23 plus years getting ready to retire 1st grade teacher. | Black female, being working in the education field for 5 years. Still learning more everyday. | 3. The impact of NCLB and Title I inside the school. | The NCLB and Title I has a great impact inside the school. Work very hard to keep the federal government rules about this. | Makes sure that the children get what they need to succeed with there education. The funds are used wisely. | Do not apply to the center. | 4. What challenges do you face as a teacher? | The challenges I face as an teacher is support from parents and keeping students focus during important...
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...Reflective Evaluation SPE-522 Lesa Kines Grand Canyon University Prof: Bryce Solberg December 19, 2012 Reflective Evaluation When reflecting back on what kind of a teacher I would be, I would combine demonstrator, facilitator and peer keeper in my daily lesson plan and classroom management. According to Schwartz all three demonstrators, facilitator and Peer Review, can be put into action in my daily routine. Demonstrator will allow me to demonstrate and the students watch attentively and to take part in an event or activity in the classroom. I am still the primary source of information but the students have an change to be more drawn in in the process. Facilitator focuses on activities in which the students are involved in an activity with somebody in the class of their choice or a group. This is more students centered with the students solving problems and making discoveries. The teacher encourages helps and guides the students towards their given task or goal. Peer keeper will allow me to my co-worker or administrators to observe what I do in the classroom an give me the positive and negative feedback that will help me improve my teaching skills and classroom management and my desire to be a good teacher. I believe that the only way that I can get there is to focus and take...
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...LEGAL RESEARCH AND WRITING Entrenchment: 2010 Kenya Constitution LEGAL RESEARCH AND WRITING Entrenchment: 2010 Kenya Constitution INTRODUCTION The Kenya constitution is a codified constitution, as all laws are clearly spelt out in an enclosed document. Entrenchment deals with the legal procedures for modification of a constitution. An entrenched constitution recognizes the constitution and its process of modification as different from other laws .Key features of a codified constitution, entrenched – The provisions laid out in a codified constitution are entrenched, which means that they are difficult to amend or abolish. Some constitutions contain certain clauses which prevent them being changed at all. A good example would be the German ‘eternity clause’. Others prevent the changing or amending of parts of the constitution during times of conflict, or before a certain time period. An un-entrenched constitution does not recognize the constitutional law as different or supreme and thus constitutions can be modified as easily as statutory laws. The procedure for modifying a constitution is often called amending. Amending an entrenched constitution needs numerous procedures than modification of a statue. Sometimes, this is because the constitution is considered supreme law. Article 2(1) of the Kenyan Constitution of 2010, states that the Constitution is the supreme law of the republic and binds all persons and all state organs at both levels of...
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...Cassandra Cash ESL 223N March 17, 2012 Mary Beth Nipp, Instructor English language learners have been the talk for many years. They are coming to America each and every day. Most of them speak different languages as Spanish, French, and some already speak English. It has been debated and voted on in five voter driven states. The states are Arizona, California, Colorado, Massachusetts, and Oregon. The voters have been asked to make decisions about the education of the English language learners (Mora, 2009). But only three states, California (1998), Massachusetts (2002), and Arizona (2000) passed the laws for English-only learners to be put in programs, and Colorado (2002) and Oregon (2008) rejected the initiatives of the ballot (Mora, 2009). The voters were in English only groups that were against having bilingual education for the students’ (Mora, 2009). The teachers were having a hard time in learning how to teach the English language learners. But in the 1960s, the federal and state governments have created new laws and policies that give the English language students’ the rights to a meaningful and equitable education (Mora, 2009). The government also provided funds and guidelines for a transitional bilingual education program for the English language learners to help them to become educated (Mora, 2009). In the Lau v. Nichols (1974), the courts decided to take affirmative steps to protect the civil rights of the English language learners in the school districts...
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...Leadership theories: Two Leadership theories/models have been selected to test the chosen public Leader. The chosen theories are: (a) Trait theory (By Edwin Locke) There are sets of traits and characteristics identified to assist in selecting people to become leaders. Some of these traits are: * Physical: Young to middle aged, energetic, tall and handsome * Social background: traits include being educated at the right schools and being socially prominent or upwardly mobile. Social characteristics include being charismatic, charming, tactful, popular, cooperative, and diplomatic * Personality: Self-confident, adaptable, assertive, and emotionally stable. * Task-related characteristics: include being driven to excel, accepting responsibility, initiative, and results-oriented. (b) Fiedler’s Contingency theory: Postulates that there is no best way for managers to lead; * Different situations will create different leadership style requirements for a manager. Some leadership styles may not work in today’s dynamic organizations. * Fiedler looked at three situations that could define the condition of a managerial task: Fiedler’s Contingent Factors 1 | Leader-Member Relations(Good or Poor) | Reflect the extent to which the leader has the support, loyalty, trust of the work group. | 2 | The Task structure(High or low) | Measures the extent to which task goals, procedures and guidelines are clearly | 3 | Position power(Strong or weak) | Measures a degree...
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...Walmart Movie Analysis Threat Level Midnight MGMT 382, 12:00pm Monday Class Rheanna Ladron De Guevara Mohammad Shojaei Danielle Seymour Teresa Radtke Curtis Anson Amy Self Walmart is quite arguably one of the largest multinational grocery retailers in America. The corporation routinely produces record sales, earnings, and employs more than 2.1 million full time employees. Last year Walmart earned a record four hundred and five billion dollars in revenue. The company was founded in 1962 by business entrepreneur Sam Walton. Walmart’s past (2006) advertising slogan, “Low prices, always”, accurately reflects the appeal the store has to the masses. In an attempt to attain a wider and more diverse customer base, in recent years Walmart has adopted the new slogan: “Saving people money so they can live better lives.” While there’s no doubt about Walmart’s low prices, it’s questionable as to whether Walmart actually allows people to “live better lives.” Not only this, but the ethicality of Walmart’s business practices seem unsound to say the least. After watching the film “Walmart: the High Cost of Low Cost”, the ethicality of Walmart’s business practices and the impact the company has on the communities in which they expand into become apparent. While some argue that Walmart makes unethical decisions quite often that harm the communities they expand into, others assert that Walmart operates within the law and is simply doing business rather than acting unethically...
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...In 1968, $3 million of losses hit the fishing industry due to pollution in Chesapeake Bay, and then in 1969 it was found that over 41 million fish had been killed due pollution (Moyers); shortly after in 1972, the Clean Water Act was passed as a response to unhealthy water due to pollution. Unfortunately, the effectiveness of the Clean Water Act has been debated for the past thirty years. The issue of clean, safe water has been plaguing our nation ever since the Clean Water Act’s passing and has been exacerbated by the surge of plastic in our consumer-driven society. There is no doubt that plastic pollution has become a huge nuisance namely in our waterways, but what has been done about it and moreover, what can be done about it? In 1983 the...
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...An Assessment of Executive Compensation in Switzerland With Reference to Referendum in March 2013 on Executive Pay Adamu Yushau Usumanu adamuusumanu@gmail.com This Paper is Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the requirement for Corporate Finance and Governance course SMC University School of Management Dr. Albert Widman January 29 , 2014 Abstract The citizens of Switzerland in March 2013, decided in a referendum that shareholders must determine Board Member, Chairmen and Executive pay. They also decided to restrict proxy voting and ban severance pay, bonuses, for the purchase and sale of companies. In addition, loans pensions, and remuneration in he form of stocks or profit sharing must be regulated by the bylaws of the company, and finally, individual board members, and chairmen be elected by shareholder every year and banned corporate proxy and the representation of shareholders by depository bank. Key Words: Corporate Governance, Executive Compensation, Referendum, Board Introduction The executive compensation (executive pay) is composed of the financial compensation and other non-financial awards received by an executive of a firm. It is a mixture of salary, bonuses, shares of and/or call option on the company stock, benefits, and perquisites, ideally configured to take into account government regulation, tax law, the desires of...
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...Alderine Holt ESL 223N 1/28/14 Mrs. Davis States voter-driven initiatives/laws relating to English language learner issues It has been a long debate and an important issue concerning English language learner from the school system to legislative forums, and there have been different policies and opinions for over forty years. Bilingual education is a method used to teach ELL students partly in their own language. The concept is that it will enhance their understanding of the curriculum and help them succeed in an English based classroom. The premise is that once the student is fairly competent in English they can progress in the classroom with their peers. Weather these programs are the best education method for ELL students this question has not been answered to address the issues concerning ELL students. The opponents of Bilingual Education believes that it is the ELL student right and need to make use of their native language to ease their transition into a English only education. The opponents also believe that the programs are hindering students’ ability to learn curriculum by keeping them in their native language too long. The Bilingual polices of today society are polices of the Bilingual Education Act of 1968 (Title VII). Congress passed the act as part of Civil Rights Title VI, which prohibits discrimination based on race, color, or natural origins in programs or activities in any program receiving federal finical assistant. The Bilingual Education Act requires...
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...Economics Development Impacts High Speed Rail Tom Kayo TMLT601, I001, Fall 15 American Public University Emmet Fritch December 26, 2015 Abstract This paper premise is the economic development impacts of transportation in general, as examined by Kumares, Sinha & Labi (2007). Multiple studies have revealed that investments in public transportation ultimately drives productivity and economic growth (Kumares, Sinha & Labi, 2007). This paper however will move away from highways and most common types of transit systems to focus on high speed rail and its potential economic development impacts in the United States. By examining additional resources such as World Bank analysis, papers from the MIT library, and reports from non-profit advocacy groups, this paper seeks answers on why a project with tremendous economic benefits has not yet happened in a country known for always being first when it comes to leading in innovation and economic development. Introduction In Kumares et al.’s. (2007), two types of transportation impact on economic development are listed. One is the impact on the overall economic development, driving income and jobs, for instance, and the other is the positive effect on investment, property appreciation and tax revenue. All of this correlates with higher wages and better communities. At the same times, when looking at other developed and emerging countries, like countries of the European Union and China for example it’s...
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...Redemption of the Quest When American voters went to vote, prima facie it was a stiff battle of ideologies that had a perpetual divide. This election decided the fate of the leadership of the world's largest economy and the oldest democracy. A divided United States has re-elected the incumbent African American President back even though he had sturdy economic perception betting against him. To be honest, if someone were to write a novel depicting life of President Obama which has perhaps been the most remarkable in its nature, it would have went on to become the best-selling book! Being an Indian and watching antipodal presidential election with exuberance is one of the most vacuous tasks to do by staying awake all the night! Anyways, I feel something worthy in it as it reflects the posture of public towards their political system and the magnitude of confidence their candidates enjoy. The level of bipartisanship one can feel in the politics of United States is quite foreign to the political spectators of my native country, India. If I had to select between India's Parliamentary Democracy and United States’ Presidential Democracy, I would have certainly opted the Presidential Democracy system as it brings more pellucidity in governance. Those who exercised their right of suffrage have shown their credence again in the Centrism. Centrism is an ideology which brings more equality on the legislative front if not the economic. It's been a convincing victory for the President...
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...Since the beginning of human history we have seen big waves of human immigration between different regions of our planet. This phenomenon is one of the more characteristic of human behavior in the search of welfare for the families and his descending also. Today our country is facing one of the more major challenges in its history, achieve that the migration process is carried in order, development and applying the laws that are effective for the benefit of our society. In the next few months, immigration reform will be high on the list of priorities in the House of Representatives. Despite significant public support for immigration reform among members of the public in both parties, many of the most basic facts about immigrants and immigration remain misunderstood. Immigration reform is part of the solution for creating a stronger, more successful, and unified nation. America is a nation of immigrants, and welcoming immigrants reflects the key values on which this country is based: hard work, perseverance, taking on challenges, demonstrating individuality, and showing compassion. In addition, immigration reform is a bipartisan issue where everyone can agree that a working immigration system contributes to a stronger country—economically, socially, and culturally. Anti-immigrant pundits often downplay the importance of immigration to America’s future, treating immigrants and immigration as a threat. While there are plenty of legitimate issues to question and...
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